Learn more about Communications Blockset

Squaring Timing Recovery - Recover symbol timing phase using squaring method

Library

Timing Phase Recovery sublibrary of Synchronization

Description

The Squaring Timing Recovery block recovers the symbol timing phase of the input signal using a squaring method. This frame-based, feedforward, non-data-aided method is similar to the conventional squaring loop. This block is suitable for systems that use linear baseband modulation types such as pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).

Typically, the input to this block is the output of a receive filter that is matched to the transmitting pulse shape. The input to this block must be a frame-based column vector of type double or single. The input represents Symbols per frame symbols using Samples per symbol samples for each symbol. Typically, Symbols per frame is approximately 100, Samples per symbol is at least 4, and the input signal is shaped using a raised cosine filter.

Note The block assumes that the phase offset is constant for all symbols in the entire input frame. If necessary, use the Buffer block to reorganize your data into frames over which the phase offset can be assumed constant. If the assumption of constant phase offset is valid, then a larger frame length yields a more accurate phase offset estimate.

The block estimates the phase offset for the symbols in each input frame and applies the estimate uniformly over the input frame. The block outputs frame-based signals, each containing one sample per symbol. The frame size of each output therefore equals the Symbols per frame parameter value. The outputs are as follows:

The output port labeled Sym gives the result of applying the phase estimate uniformly over the input frame. This output is the signal value for each symbol, which can be used for decision purposes.
The output port labeled Ph gives the phase estimate for each symbol in the input frame. All elements in this output frame are the same nonnegative real number less than the Samples per symbol parameter value. Noninteger values for the phase estimate correspond to interpolated values that lie between two values of the input signal.

Dialog Box

Symbols per frame: The number of symbols in each frame of the input signal.
Samples per symbol: The number of input samples that represent each symbol. This must be greater than 1.

Algorithm

This block uses a timing estimator that returns

as the normalized phase between -1/2 and 1/2, where x is the input vector, L is the Symbols per frame parameter and N is the Samples per symbol parameter.

For more information about the role that the timing estimator plays in this block's algorithm, see Feedforward Method for Timing Phase Recovery in Communications Blockset User's Guide.

Examples

See Squaring Timing Phase Recovery Example in Communications Blockset User's Guide.

References

[1] Oerder, M. and H. Myer, "Digital Filter and Square Timing Recovery," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-36, No. 5, May 1988, pp. 605-612.

[2] Mengali, Umberto and Aldo N. D'Andrea, Synchronization Techniques for Digital Receivers, New York, Plenum Press, 1997.

[3] Meyr, Heinrich, Marc Moeneclaey, and Stefan A. Fechtel, Digital Communication Receivers, Vol 2, New York, Wiley, 1998.