Function Reference


GeneralGeneral purpose functions
Graphical User InterfacesGraphical user interface functions
Creating Linear ModelsCreate LTI SISO and MIMO models
Data ExtractionRetrieve data from LTI objects
ConversionsConvert between model formats
System InterconnectionsConnect models
System Gain and DynamicsRetrieve information about system gain and dynamics
Time Domain AnalysisAnalyze models in the time domain
Frequency Domain AnalysisAnalyze models in the frequency domain
Model SimplificationSimplify models
Compensator DesignImplement basic control design techniques
LQR/LQG DesignImplement linear-quadtratic-regulator/linear-quadratic-Gaussian techniques
State-Space ModelsCreate and manipulate SS models
Frequency Response Data (FRD) Models Create and manipulate FRD models
Time DelaysSpecify and manipulate model time delays
Model Dimensions and CharacteristicsExtract information about models
Overloaded and Arithmetic OperatorsUse arithmetic operators to connect and manipulate models
Matrix Equation SolversSolve Lyapunov and Riccati equations
PreferencesSet Control System Toolbox preferences
Visualization of Model Dynamics and ResponsesCreate plots
Plot CustomizationCustomize plots from the command line

General

ctrlprefSet Control System Toolbox™ preferences
ltimodelsHelp on LTI models
ltipropsHelp on LTI model properties

Graphical User Interfaces

ltiviewLTI Viewer for LTI system response analysis
sisoinitConfigure SISO Design Tool at startup
sisotoolInitialize SISO Design Tool

Creating Linear Models

delayssCreate state-space models with delayed terms
dssSpecify descriptor state-space models
filtSpecify discrete transfer functions in DSP format
frdCreate or convert to frequency-response data models
lti/expCreate pure continuous-time delays
setSet or modify LTI model properties
setdelaymodelCreate internal delays of state-space model
ss Specify state-space models or convert LTI model to state space
tfCreate or convert to transfer function model
zpkCreate or convert to zero-pole-gain model

Data Extraction

dssdataExtract descriptor state-space data
frdataAccess data for frequency response data (FRD) object
getAccess LTI property values
getdelaymodelState-space representation of internal delays
ssdataAccess state-space model data
tfdataAccess transfer function data
zpkdataAccess zero-pole-gain data

Conversions

c2dConvert from continuous- to discrete-time models
d2cConvert from discrete- to continuous-time models
d2dResample discrete-time LTI model or add input delay
frdCreate or convert to frequency-response data models
ss Specify state-space models or convert LTI model to state space
tfCreate or convert to transfer function model
zpkCreate or convert to zero-pole-gain model

System Interconnections

appendGroup LTI models by appending their inputs and outputs
connectArbitrary interconnection of LTI models
feedback Feedback connection of two LTI models
lftGeneralized feedback interconnection of two LTI models (Redheffer star product)
parallelParallel connection of two LTI models
seriesSeries connection of two LTI models
sumblkSpecify summing junctions in name-based interconnections

System Gain and Dynamics

bandwidthFrequency response bandwidth
dampNatural frequency and damping of system poles
dcgainLow-frequency (DC) gain of LTI system
dsortSort discrete-time poles by magnitude
esortSort continuous-time poles by real part
iopzmapPlot pole-zero map for I/O pairs of LTI model
lti/orderLTI model order
modsepRegion-based modal decomposition
normCompute LTI model norm
poleCompute poles of LTI system
pzmapCompute pole-zero map of LTI models
stabsepStable/unstable decomposition of LTI model
zeroTransmission zeros of LTI model

Time Domain Analysis

covarOutput and state covariance of system driven by white noise
gensigGenerate test input signals for lsim
impulseImpulse response of LTI model
initialinitial condition response of state-space model
lsimSimulate LTI model responses to arbitrary inputs
lsiminfoCompute linear response characteristics
stepStep response of LTI systems
stepinfoCompute step response characteristics

Frequency Domain Analysis

allmarginAll crossover frequencies and corresponding stability margins
bodeBode diagram of frequency response
bodemagBode magnitude response of LTI models
db2magConvert decibels (dB) to magnitude
evalfrEvaluate frequency response at given frequency
freqrespFrequency response over frequency grid
mag2dbConvert magnitude to decibels (dB)
marginGain and phase margins and associated crossover frequencies
nicholsNichols plot of LTI models
nyquistNyquist plot of LTI models
sigmaPlot singular values of LTI models

Model Simplification

balredModel order reduction
hsvdCompute Hankel singular values of LTI model
minrealMinimal realization or pole-zero cancelation
modredModel order reduction
sminrealPerform model reduction based on structure

Compensator Design

ackerPole placement design for single-input systems
estimForm state estimator given estimator gain
placePole placement design
regForm regulator given state-feedback and estimator gains
rlocusEvans root locus

LQR/LQG Design

augstateAppend state vector to output vector
dlqrLinear-quadratic (LQ) state-feedback regulator for discrete-time state-space system
kalmanDesign continuous- or discrete-time Kalman estimator
kalmdDesign discrete Kalman estimator for continuous plant
lqgContinuous linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control synthesis
lqgregForm LQG regulator given state-feedback gain and Kalman estimator
lqrLinear-quadratic (LQ) state-feedback regulator for state-space system
lqrdDesign discrete linear-quadratic (LQ) regulator for continuous plant
lqryForm linear-quadratic (LQ) state-feedback regulator with output weighting

State-Space Models

balrealGramian-based input/output balancing of state-space realizations
canonState-space canonical realization
ctrbControllability matrix
drssGenerate stable random discrete test model
gramControllability and observability grammians
obsvObservability matrix
rssGenerate stable random continuous test model
ss2ssState coordinate transformation for state-space model
ssbalBalance state-space model using diagonal similarity transformation

Frequency Response Data (FRD) Models

absEntrywise magnitude of frequency response
chgunitsChange frequency units of FRD model
fcatConcatenate FRD models along frequency dimension
fnormPointwise peak gain of FRD model
fselectSelect frequency points or range in FRD model
imagImaginary part of FRD model
interpInterpolate FRD model
realReal part of frequency response for FRD model

Time Delays

delay2zReplace delays of discrete-time TF, SS, or ZPK models by poles at z=0, or replace delays of FRD models by phase shift
hasdelayTrue for LTI model with time delays
padePadé approximation of model with time delays
totaldelayTotal combined I/O delays for LTI model

Model Dimensions and Characteristics

isct, isdtDetermine whether LTI model is continuous or discrete
isemptyDetermine whether LTI model is empty
isproperDetermine whether LTI model is proper
issisoDetermine whether LTI model is single-input/single-output (SISO)
lti/isstableDetermine whether system is stable
ndimsProvide number of dimensions of LTI model or LTI array
reshapeChange shape of LTI array
sizeProvide output/input/array dimensions of LTI model and number of frequencies of FRD model

Overloaded and Arithmetic Operators

+ and —Add and subtract systems (parallel connection)
*Multiply systems (series connection)
.*Element-by-element multiplication
\Left divide — sys1\sys2 means inv(sys1)*sys2
/Right divide — sys1/sys2 means sys1*inv(sys2)
^Powers of given system
'Pertransposition
.'Transposition of input/output map
[..]Concatenate models along inputs or outputs

conjForm model with complex conjugate coefficients
invInvert LTI systems
stackBuild LTI array by stacking LTI models or LTI arrays along array dimensions

Matrix Equation Solvers

bdschurBlock-diagonal Schur factorization
careSolve continuous-time algebraic Riccati equation
dareSolve discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations (DAREs)
dlyapSolve discrete-time Lyapunov equations
dlyapcholSquare-root solver for discrete-time Lyapunov equations
gcareGeneralized solver for continuous-time algebraic Riccati equation
gdareGeneralized solver for discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation
lyapSolve continuous-time Lyapunov equation
lyapcholSquare-root solver for continuous-time Lyapunov equation

Preferences

ctrlprefSet Control System Toolbox™ preferences

Visualization of Model Dynamics and Responses

bodeplotPlot Bode frequency response and return plot handle
hsvplotPlot Hankel singular values and return plot handle
impulseplotPlot impulse response and return plot handle
initialplotPlot initial condition response and return plot handle
iopzplotPlot pole-zero map for I/O pairs and return plot handle
ngridSuperimpose Nichols chart on Nichols plot
nicholsplotPlot Nichols frequency responses and return plot handle
nyquistplotPlot Nyquist frequency responses and return plot handle
pzplotPlot pole-zero map of LTI model and return plot handle
rlocusplotPlot root locus and return plot handle
sgridGenerate s-plane grid of constant damping factors and natural frequencies
sigmaplotPlot singular values of frequency response and return plot handle
stepplotPlot step response of LTI systems and return plot handle
zgridGenerate z-plane grid of constant damping factors and natural frequencies

Plot Customization

bodeoptionsCreate list of Bode plot options
getoptionsReturn @PlotOptions handle or plot options property
hsvoptions Create list of Hankel singular value plot options
nicholsoptions Create list of Nichols plot options
pzoptions Create list of pole/zero plot options
setoptionsSet plot options for response plot
sigmaoptionsCreate list of singular-value plot options
timeoptionsCreate list of time plot options
  


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