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Generating Code for Multirate Filters

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Supported Multirate Filter Types Generating Multirate Filter Code Code Generation Options for Multirate Filters

Supported Multirate Filter Types

HDL code generation is supported for the following types of multirate filters:

• Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) interpolation ( mfilt.cicdecim)

• Cascaded Integrator Comb (CIC) decimation ( mfilt.cicinterp)

• Direct-Form Transposed FIR Polyphase Decimator (mfilt.firtdecim)

• Direct-Form FIR Polyphase Interpolator (mfilt.firinterp)

• Direct-Form FIR Polyphase Decimator (mfilt.firdecim)

• Direct-Form FIR Polyphase Sample Rate Converter (mfilt.firsrc)

• FIR Hold Interpolator (mfilt.holdinterp)

• FIR Linear Interpolator (mfilt.linearinterp)

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Generating Multirate Filter Code

To generate multirate filter code, you must first select and design one of the supported filter types using FDATool, filterbuilder, or the MATLAB command line.

After you have created the filter, open the Generate HDL dialog box, set the desired code generation properties, and generate code. GUI options that support multirate filter code generation are described in Code Generation Options for Multirate Filters.

If you prefer to generate code via the generatehdlfunction, the coder also defines multirate filter code generation properties that are functionally equivalent to the GUI options. generatehdl Properties for Multirate Filters summarizes these properties.

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Code Generation Options for Multirate Filters

When a multirate filter of a supported type (see Supported Multirate Filter Types) is designed, the enabled/disabled state of several options in the Generate HDL dialog box changes:

• The Clock inputs pull-down menu is enabled. This menu provides two alternatives for generating clock inputs for multirate filters.

  Note   For multirate filters with the Partly serial architecture option selected, the Clock inputs options is set to Single and disabled.

• For CIC filters, the Coefficient multipliers option is disabled. Coefficient multipliers are not used in CIC filters.

  However, the Coefficient multipliers option is enabled for Direct-Form Transposed FIR Polyphase Decimator (mfilt.firtdecim) filters.

• For CIC filters, the FIR adder style option is disabled, since CIC filters do not require a final adder.

The following figure shows the default settings of the Generate HDL dialog box options for a supported CIC filter.

The Clock inputs options are:

• Single: When Single is selected, the ENTITY declaration for the filter defines a single clock input with an associated clock enable input and clock enable output. The generated code maintains a counter that controls the timing of data transfers to the filter output (for decimation filters) or input (for interpolation filters). The counter is, in effect, a secondary clock enable whose rate is determined by the filter's decimation or interpolation factor.

  The Single option is primarily intended for FPGAs. It provides a self-contained solution for multirate filters, and does not require you to provide any additional code.

  A clock enable output is also generated when Single is selected. If you want to customize the name of this output in generated code, see Setting the Clock Enable Output Name.

  The following code excerpts were generated from a CIC decimation filter having a decimation factor of 4, with Clock inputs set to Single.

  The ENTITY declaration is as follows.

  ENTITY cic_decim_4_1_single IS
     PORT( clk            :   IN    std_logic; 
           clk_enable     :   IN    std_logic; 
           reset          :   IN    std_logic; 
           filter_in      :   IN    std_logic_vector(15 DOWNTO 0); -- sfix16_En15
           filter_out     :   OUT   std_logic_vector(15 DOWNTO 0); -- sfix16_En15
           ce_out         :   OUT   std_logic  
           );
  
  END cic_decim_4_1_single;

  The signal counter is maintained by the clock enable output process (ce_output). Every 4th clock cycle, counter is toggled to 1.

  ce_output : PROCESS (clk, reset)
    BEGIN
      IF reset = '1' THEN
        cur_count <= to_unsigned(0, 4);
      ELSIF clk'event AND clk = '1' THEN
        IF clk_enable = '1' THEN
          IF cur_count = 3 THEN
            cur_count <= to_unsigned(0, 4);
          ELSE
            cur_count <= cur_count + 1;
          END IF;
        END IF;
      END IF; 
    END PROCESS ce_output;
  
    counter <= '1' WHEN cur_count = 1 AND clk_enable = '1' ELSE '0';
  

  The following code excerpt illustrates a typical use of the counter signal, in this case to time the filter output.

  output_reg_process : PROCESS (clk, reset)
    BEGIN
      IF reset = '1' THEN
        output_register <= (OTHERS => '0');
      ELSIF clk'event AND clk = '1' THEN
        IF counter = '1' THEN
          output_register <= section_out4;
        END IF;
      END IF; 
    END PROCESS output_reg_process;
  

• Multiple: When Multiple is selected, the ENTITY declaration for the filter defines separate clock inputs (each with an associated clock enable input) for each rate of a multirate filter. (For currently supported multirate filters, there are two such rates).

  The generated code assumes that the clocks are driven at the appropriate rates. You are responsible for ensuring that the clocks run at the correct relative rates for the filter's decimation or interpolation factor. To see an example of such code, generate test bench code for your multirate filter and examine the clk_gen processes for each clock.

  The Multiple option is intended for ASICs and FPGAs. It provides more flexibility than the Single option, but assumes that you will provide higher-level code for driving your filter's clocks.

  Note that no synchronizers between multiple clock domains are provided.

  When Multiple is selected, clock enable outputs are not generated; therefore the Clock enable output port field of the Global Settings pane is disabled.

  The following ENTITY declaration was generated from a CIC decimation filter with Clock inputs set to Multiple.

  ENTITY cic_decim_4_1_multi IS
     PORT( clk              :   IN    std_logic; 
           clk_enable       :   IN    std_logic; 
           reset            :   IN    std_logic; 
           filter_in        :   IN    std_logic_vector(15 DOWNTO 0); -- sfix16_En15
           clk1             :   IN    std_logic; 
           clk_enable1      :   IN    std_logic; 
           reset1           :   IN    std_logic; 
           filter_out       :   OUT   std_logic_vector(15 DOWNTO 0)  -- sfix16_En15
           );
  
  END cic_decim_4_1_multi;
  

Setting the Clock Enable Output Name

A clock enable output is generated when Single is selected from the Clock inputs options in the Generate HDL dialog box. The default name for the clock enable output is ce_out.

To change the name of the clock enable output, enter the desired name into the Clock enable output port field of the Ports pane of the Generate HDL dialog box, as shown in the following figure.

Note that the coder enables the Clock enable output port field only when generating multiple clocks.

generatehdl Properties for Multirate Filters

If you are using generatehdl to generate code for a multirate filter, you can set the following properties to specify clock generation options:

• ClockInputs: Corresponds to the Clock inputs option; selects generation of single or multiple clock inputs for multirate filters.

• ClockEnableOutputPort: Corresponds to the Clock enable output port field; specifies the name of the clock enable output port.

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Capturing Code Generation Settings to an M-File

Generating Code for Cascade Filters

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