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Model electrical characteristics and generated force of solenoid
Actuators & Drivers
The Solenoid block represents the electrical characteristics and generated force for the solenoid in the following figure:
The return spring is optional. To remove the effects of this spring from the model, set the Spring constant parameter to 0.
The equation of motion for the plunger as a function of position, x, is:
where Fe is the electromagnetic force, Fl is the load force, λ is the viscous damping term and m is the plunger mass. The electromagnetic force is related to the solenoid current and inductance by:
The inductance, which is derived in [1], can be written as:
where α and β are constants. Plugging the preceding equation into the equation for electromagnetic force gives the force-stroke relationship of the solenoid for a current i0:
The Solenoid block solves for α and β by taking the two specified force and stroke measurements and substituting them into the preceding equation. It solves the resulting equations for α and β.
A positive current from the electrical + to - ports creates a negative force (i.e., a pulling force) from the mechanical C to R ports.
A vector of the force values at the two points on the force-stroke curve. The second measurement point must be at a stroke that is greater than that of the first measurement point. When the manufacturer doesn't provide a force-stroke curve, set F1 to the holding torque (when X1 = 0) and F2 to the pull-in torque when running the solenoid at the Rated voltage Vdc and Rated current Idc values. The default value is [ 7.5 0.75 ] N.
A vector of the stroke (plunger distance from the fully closed position) values at the two points on the force-stroke curve. The second measurement point must be at a stroke that is greater than that of the first measurement point. To ensure a finite force value, the points must meet the condition
The default value is [ 1 5 ] mm.
The voltage at which the solenoid is rated to operate. This voltage value is used to measure the Forces [F1 F2] and Stroke [X1 X2] values. The default value is 50 V.
The current that flows when the solenoid is supplied with the Rated voltage Vdc voltage. The default value is 0.05 A.
Constant representing the stiffness of the spring that acts to retract the plunger when the solenoid is powered off. The force is zero when the plunger is displaced to the Stroke for zero spring force parameter value. The default value is 200 N/m. Set the spring constant to zero if there is no spring.
The stroke at which the spring provides no force. The default value is 5 mm.
The term λ in the equation of motion for the plunger as a function of position that linearly damps the plunger motion. The default value is 1 N/(m/s). The value can be zero.
The weight of the solenoid plunger. The default value is 0.05 kg. The value can be zero.
The maximum amount by which the plunger can be displaced. You can use this parameter to model a hard endstop that limits the stroke. The default value is Inf mm, which means no stroke limit.
The amount by which the plunger is displaced at the start of the simulation. The default value is 0 m.
Stiffness of the plunger contact that models the hard stop at the minimum (x = 0) and maximum (x = Maximum stroke) plunger positions. The default value is 1e+06 N/m.
Damping of the plunger contact that models the hard stop at the minimum (x = 0) and maximum (x = Maximum stroke) plunger positions. The default value is 150 N/(m/s).
The block has the following ports:
Positive electrical input.
Negative electrical input.
Mechanical translational conserving port.
Mechanical translational conserving port.
[1] S.E. Lyshevski. Electromechanical Systems, Electric Machines, and Applied MechatronicsCRC, 1999.
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