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Variable-Displacement Pressure-Compensated Pump - Simulate hydraulic pump maintaining preset pressure at outlet by regulating its flow delivery

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Pumps and Motors

Description

The Variable-Displacement Pressure-Compensated Pump block represents a positive, variable-displacement, pressure-compensated pump of any type as a data-sheet-based model. The key parameters required to parameterize the block are the pump maximum displacement, regulation range, volumetric and total efficiencies, nominal pressure, and angular velocity. All these parameters are generally provided in the data sheets or catalogs.

The following figure shows the delivery-pressure characteristic of the pump.

The pump tries to maintain preset pressure at its outlet by adjusting its delivery flow in accordance with the system requirements. If pressure differential across the pump is less than the setting pressure, the pump outputs its maximum delivery corrected for internal leakage. After the pressure setting has been reached, the output flow is regulated to maintain preset pressure by changing the pump's displacement. The displacement can be changed from its maximum value down to zero, depending upon system flow requirements. The pressure range between the preset pressure and the maximum pressure, at which the displacement is zero, is referred to as regulation range. The smaller the range, the higher the accuracy at which preset pressure is maintained. The range size also affects the pump stability, and decreasing the range generally causes stability to decrease.

The variable-displacement, pressure-compensated pump is represented with the following equations:

where

`q`	Pump delivery
`p`	Pressure differential across the pump
`p_P,p_T`	Gauge pressures at the block terminals
`D`	Pump instantaneous displacement
`D_max`	Pump maximum displacement
`p_set`	Pump setting pressure
`p_max`	Maximum pressure, at which the pump displacement is zero
`T`	Torque at the pump driving shaft
ω	Pump angular velocity
`k_leak`	Leakage coefficient
`k_HP`	Hagen-Poiseuille coefficient
η_V	Pump volumetric efficiency
η_mech	Pump mechanical efficiency
ν	Fluid kinematic viscosity
ρ	Fluid density
`p_nom`	Pump nominal pressure
ω_nom	Pump nominal angular velocity
ν_nom	Nominal fluid kinematic viscosity

The leakage flow is determined based on the assumption that it is linearly proportional to the pressure differential across the pump and can be computed by using the Hagen-Poiseuille formula

where

`q_leak`	Leakage flow
`d, l`	Geometric parameters of the leakage path
μ	Fluid dynamic viscosity, μ = ν^.ρ

The leakage flow at p = p_nom and ν = ν_nom can be determined from the catalog data

which provides the formula to determine the Hagen-Poiseuille coefficient

The pump mechanical efficiency is not usually available in data sheets, therefore it is determined from the total and volumetric efficiencies by assuming that the hydraulic efficiency is negligibly small

The block positive direction is from port T to port P. This means that the pump transfers fluid from T to P provided that the shaft S rotates in the positive direction. The pressure differential across the pump is determined as .

Basic Assumptions and Limitations

The model is based on the following assumptions:

Fluid compressibility is neglected.
No loading on the pump shaft, such as inertia, friction, spring, and so on, is considered.
Leakage inside the pump is assumed to be linearly proportional to its pressure differential.

Dialog Box and Parameters

Maximum displacement: Pump displacement. The default value is 5e-6 m^3/rad.
Setting pressure: Pump pressure setting. The default value is 1e7 Pa.
Pressure regulation range: Pressure range required to change the pump displacement from its maximum to zero. The default value is 6e5 Pa.
Volumetric efficiency: Pump volumetric efficiency specified at nominal pressure, angular velocity, and fluid viscosity. The default value is 0.85.
Total efficiency: Pump total efficiency, which is determined as a ratio between the hydraulic power at the pump outlet and mechanical power at the driving shaft at nominal pressure, angular velocity, and fluid viscosity. The default value is 0.75.
Nominal pressure: Pressure differential across the pump, at which both the volumetric and total efficiencies are specified. The default value is 1e7 Pa.
Nominal angular velocity: Angular velocity of the driving shaft, at which both the volumetric and total efficiencies are specified. The default value is 188 rad/s.
Nominal kinematic viscosity: Working fluid kinematic viscosity, at which both the volumetric and total efficiencies are specified. The default value is 18 cSt.

Global Parameters

Fluid kinematic viscosity: The parameter is determined by the type of working fluid selected for the system under design. Use the Hydraulic Fluid block or the Custom Hydraulic Fluid block to specify the fluid properties.

Ports

The block has the following ports:

T: Hydraulic conserving port associated with the pump suction, or inlet.
P: Hydraulic conserving port associated with the pump outlet.
S: Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with the pump driving shaft.

Examples

The Closed-Loop Electrohydraulic Actuator with Proportional Valve demo (sh_closed_loop_actuator) illustrates the use of the Variable-Displacement Pressure-Compensated Pump block in hydraulic systems.