Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer - Implement zigzag phase-shifting transformer with configurable secondary winding connection

Library

Elements

Description

The Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer block implements a three-phase transformer with a primary winding connected in a zigzag configuration and a configurable secondary winding. The model uses three single-phase, three- winding transformers. The primary winding connects the windings 1 and 2 of the single-phase transformers in a zigzag configuration. The secondary winding uses the windings 3 of the single phase transformers, and they can be connected in one of the following ways:

Y
Y with accessible neutral
Grounded Y
Delta (D1), delta lagging Y by 30 degrees

Delta (D11), delta leading Y by 30 degrees

Note The D1 and D11 notations refer to the following clock convention. It assumes that the reference Y voltage phasor is at noon (12) on a clock display. D1 and D11 refer respectively to 1 PM (lagging Y by 30 degrees) and 11 AM (leading Y by 30 degrees).

If the secondary winding is connected in Y, the secondary phase voltages are leading or lagging the primary voltages by the Phi phase angle specified in the parameters of the block. If the secondary winding is connected in delta (D11), an additional phase shift of +30 degrees is added to the phase angle. If the secondary winding is connected in delta (D1), a phase shift of -30 degrees is added to the phase angle.

The block takes into account the connection type you have selected and the icon of the block is automatically updated. An output port labeled N is added to the block if you select the Y connection with accessible neutral for the secondary winding.

The saturation characteristic, when activated, is the same as the one described for the Saturable Transformer block.

Dialog Box and Parameters

Configuration Tab

Secondary winding (abc) connection

The winding connection for the secondary winding.

Saturable core

If selected, implements a saturable core.

Specify initial fluxes

If selected, the initial fluxes are defined by the Initial fluxes parameter on the Parameters tab. The Specify initial fluxes parameter is available only if the Saturable core parameter is selected.

When the Specify initial fluxes parameter is not selected upon simulation, SimPowerSystems software automatically computes the initial fluxes to start the simulation in steady state. The computed values are saved in the Initial Fluxes parameter and will overwrite any previous values.

Measurements

Select Winding voltages to measure the voltage across the winding terminals of the Three-Phase Transformer block.

Select Winding currents to measure the current flowing through the windings of the Three-Phase Transformer block.

Select Fluxes and excitation currents (Im + IRm) to measure the flux linkage, in volt-seconds (V.s), and the total excitation current including iron losses modeled by Rm (for saturable transformers only).

Select Fluxes and magnetization currents (Im) to measure the flux linkage, in volt-seconds (V.s), and the magnetization current, in amperes (A), not including iron losses modeled by Rm (for saturable transformers only).

Select All measurements (V, I, Flux) to measure the winding voltages, currents, magnetization currents, and the flux linkages. Note that the magnetization currents and the flux linkages signals are measured only if the Saturable core parameter is selected.

Place a Multimeter block in your model to display the selected measurements during the simulation. In the Available Measurements list box of the Multimeter block, the measurements are identified by a label followed by the block name.

The labels used in the Multimeter are as follows.

Measurement	Label
Winding voltages of primary (zigzag)	`Uprim_A:, Uprim_B:, Uprim_C:`
Winding currents of primary (zigzag)	`Iprim_A:, Iprim_B:, Iprim_C:`
Winding voltages of secondary (Y, Yn, or Yg)	`Usec_A:, Usec_B:, Usec_C:`
Winding voltages of secondary (delta)	`Usec_AB:, Usec_BC:, Usec_CA:`
Winding currents of secondary (Y, Yn, or Yg)	`Isec_A:, Isec_B:, Isec_C:`
Winding currents of secondary (delta)	`Isec_AB:, Isec_BC:, Isec_CA:`
Fluxes (windings 1 of zigzag)	`Flux_A:, Flux_B:, Flux_C:`
Excitation currents (windings 1 of zigzag)	`Iexc_A:, Iexc_B:, Iexc_C:`
Magnetization currents (windings 1 of zigzag)	`Imag_A:, Imag_B:, Imag_C:`

Parameters Tab

Units

Specify the units used to enter the parameters of the Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer block. Select pu to use per unit. Select SI to use SI units. Changing the Units parameter from pu to SI, or from SI to pu, will automatically convert the parameters displayed in the mask of the block.

Nominal power and frequency

The nominal power rating, in volt-amperes (VA), and nominal frequency, in hertz (Hz), of the transformer.

Primary (zigzag) nominal voltage Vp

The phase-to-phase nominal voltage in volts RMS, for the primary winding of the transformer.

Secondary nom. voltage phase shift

The phase-to-phase nominal voltage, in volts RMS, and the phase shift, in degrees, for the secondary winding of the transformer.

Winding 1 zig-zag [R1 L1]

The resistance and leakage inductance of the windings 1 of the single-phase transformers used to implement the primary winding of the Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer.

Winding 2 zig-zag [R2 L2]

The resistance and leakage inductance of the windings 2 of the single-phase transformers used to implement the primary winding of the Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer.

Winding 3 secondary [R3 L3]

The resistance and leakage inductance of the windings 3 of the single-phase transformers used to implement the secondary winding of the Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer.

Magnetizing branch [Rm Lm]

The Magnetizing branch parameter is not accessible if the Saturable core check box is selected.

The magnetization resistance Rm and inductance Lm, in pu, when the saturation is not simulated.

Magnetization resistance Rm

This parameter is accessible only if the Saturable core parameter on the Configuration tab is selected.

The magnetization resistance Rm, in pu, when the saturation is simulated.

Saturation characteristic

This parameter is accessible only if the Saturable core parameter on the Configuration tab is selected.

The saturation characteristic for the saturable core. Specify a series of current/ flux pairs (in pu) starting with the pair (0,0).

Initial fluxes

Specify initial fluxes for each phase of the transformer. This parameter is accessible only if the Specify initial fluxes parameter on the Configuration tab is selected.

Advanced Tab

Break Algebraic loop in discrete saturation model: When you use the block in a discrete system, you will get an algebraic loop. This algebraic loop, which is required in most cases to get an accurate solution, tends to slow down the simulation. However, to speed up the simulation, in some circumstances, you can disable the algebraic loop by selecting Break Algebraic loop in discrete saturation model. You should be aware that disabling the algebraic loop introduces a one-simulation-step time delay in the model. This can cause numerical oscillations if the sample time is too large.

Example

See the help text of the power_48pulsegtoconverter demo.

In this model, a 48-pulse GTO converter is built with four Three-Level Bridge blocks and four Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer blocks. Harmonic neutralization is obtained by use of appropriate phase shifts introduced by the Zigzag connections (+7.5/-7.5 degrees) and of secondary winding connections (Y or Delta).