Configuring Real-Time Workshop® Code Generation Parameters

Introduction

As discussed in Adjusting Simulation Configuration Parameters for Code Generation, many model configuration parameters affect the way that the Real-Time Workshop® software generates code and builds an executable from your model.

However, you initiate and directly control the code generation and build process from the Real-Time Workshop pane and related tabs (also presented as subnodes).

In addition to using the Configuration Parameters dialog box, you can use get_param and set_param to individually access most configuration parameters. The configuration parameters you can get and set are listed in Parameter Command-Line Information Summary in the Real-Time Workshop reference.

Opening the Real-Time Workshop Pane

There are three ways to open the Real-Time Workshop pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box:

The general Real-Time Workshop pane, as it appears in the Model Explorer, appears in the next figure.

Real-Time Workshop Pane

This pane allows you to specify most of the options for controlling the Real-Time Workshop code generation and build process. The content of the pane and its subpanes can change depending on the target you specify. Thus, a model that has multiple configuration sets can invoke parameters in one configuration that do not apply to another configuration. In addition, some configuration options are available only with the Real-Time Workshop® Embedded Coder™ product.

For descriptions of Real-Time Workshop pane parameters, see Real-Time Workshop Pane: General in the Real-Time Workshop reference.

Selecting a Target Configuration

Use the Browse button on the Real-Time Workshop pane to open the System Target File Browser (See Selecting a System Target File). The browser lets you select a preset target configuration consisting of a system target file, template makefile, and make command.

If you select a target configuration by using the System Target File Browser, your selection appears in the System target file field (target.tlc).

If you are using a target configuration that does not appear in the System Target File Browser, enter the name of your system target file in the System target file field. Click Apply or OK to configure for that target.

Choosing and Configuring Your Target describes the use of the browser and includes a complete list of available target configurations.

Configuring the Target Language for Generated Code

Use the Language menu in the Target selection section of the Real-Time Workshop pane to select the target language for the code generated by the Real-Time Workshop code generator. You can select C or C++. The Real-Time Workshop software generates .c or .cpp files, depending on your selection, and places the files in your build directory.

Configuring the Build Process

Controlling Compiler Optimization Level and Specifying Custom Optimization Settings

To control compiler optimizations for your Real-Time Workshop makefile build at Simulink® GUI level, use the Compiler optimization level parameter. The Compiler optimization level parameter provides

The default setting is Optimizations off (faster builds). Selecting the value Custom enables the Custom compiler optimization flags field, in which you can enter custom compiler optimization flags (for example, -O2).

For more information about the Compiler optimization level parameter and its values, see Compiler optimization level and Custom compiler optimization flags in the Real-Time Workshop reference.

Specifying TLC Options

You can enter Target Language Compiler (TLC) command line options in the TLC options edit field, for example

Specifying TLC options does not add any flags to the Make command field, as do some of the targets available in the System Target File Browser.

For additional information, see Setting Target Language Compiler Options for details, as well as the Target Language Compiler documentation.

Specifying Whether To Generate a Makefile

The Generate makefile option specifies whether the Real-Time Workshop build process is to generate a makefile for a model. By default, the Real-Time Workshop build process generates a makefile. You can suppress the generation of a makefile, for example in support of custom build processing that is not based on makefiles, by clearing Generate makefile . When you clear this option,

Specifying a Make Command

A high-level M-file command, invoked when a build is initiated, controls the Real-Time Workshop build process. Each target has an associated make command. The Make command field displays this command.

Almost all targets use the default command, make_rtw. Third-party targets might supply another make command. See the vendor's documentation.

In addition to the name of the make command, you can supply arguments in the Make command field. These arguments include compiler-specific options, include paths, and other parameters. When the build process invokes the make utility, these arguments are passed along in the make command line.

Template Makefiles and Make Options lists the Make command arguments you can use with each supported compiler.

Specifying the Template Makefile

The Template makefile field has these functions:

If you specify your own template makefile, be sure to include the filename extension. If you omit the extension, the Real-Time Workshop build process attempts to find and execute a file with the extension .m (that is, an M-file). The template make file (or an M-file that returns a template make file) must be on the MATLAB path. To determine whether the file is on the MATLAB path, enter the following command in the MATLAB Command Window:

which tmf_filename

Generating Code Only

To configure the model for code generation only, rather than a complete build (make command does not execute), select the Generate code only parameter. The code is not compiled and an executable is not built.

When you select this option, the label of the Build button changes to Generate code.

Configuring Report Generation

To generate an navigable summary of source files when the model is built, select the Create code generation report parameter on the Report pane. Selecting this parameter causes the Real-Time Workshop software to produce an HTML file for each generated source file, plus a summary and an index file, in a directory named html within the build directory. If you also select the Launch report automatically option (which is enabled by selecting Create code generation report) , the HTML summary and index are automatically displayed. If you do not want to see the report at that time, clear this second check box. In either case, you can refer to HTML reports at any time. To review an existing HTML report, use any HTML browser to open the file html/model_codgen_rpt.html within your build directory.

For more detail on report content, see Viewing Generated Code in Generated HTML Reports.

Configuring Code Comments

Configure how the Real-Time Workshop code generator inserts comments into generated code, by modifying parameters on the Comments pane.

To...Select...
Include comments in generated codeInclude comments. Selecting this parameter allows you to select one or more comment types to be placed in the code.
Automatically insert comments that describe a block's code before the code in the generated fileSimulink block / Stateflow object comments.
Include comments for blocks that were eliminated as the result of optimizations (such as parameter inlining) Show eliminated blocks.
Include comments for parameter variable names and names of source blocks in the model parameter structure declaration in model_prm.hVerbose comments for SimulinkGlobal storage class. If you do not select this parameter, parameter comments are generated if less than 1000 parameters are declared. This reduces the size of the generated file for models with a large number of parameters. When you select the parameter, parameter comments are generated regardless of the number of parameters.

For descriptions of Comments pane parameters, see Real-Time Workshop Pane: Comments in the Real-Time Workshop reference.

Configuring Generated Identifiers

Configure how the Real-Time Workshop code generator uses symbols to name identifiers and objects by setting parameters on the Symbols pane.

The only symbols option available for GRT targets is Maximum identifier length. This is the only symbols option for GRT targets. The Maximum identifier length field allows you to limit the number of characters in function, type definition, and variable names. The default is 31 characters. This is also the minimum length you can specify; the maximum is 256 characters. Consider increasing identifier length for models having a deep hierarchical structure, and when exercising some of the mnemonic identifier options described below.

Within a model containing Model blocks, no collisions of constituent model names can exist. When generating code from a model that uses model referencing, the Maximum identifier length must be large enough to accommodate the root model name and the name mangling string (if any). A code generation error occurs if Maximum identifier length is too small.

When a name conflict occurs between a symbol within the scope of a higher level model and a symbol within the scope of a referenced model, the symbol from the referenced model is preserved. Name mangling is performed on the symbol from the higher level model.

If the Real-Time Workshop Embedded Coder product is installed on your system, the Symbols pane expands to include options for controlling identifier formats, mangle length, scalar inlined parameters, and Simulink data object naming rules. For details, see Customizing Generated Identifiers in the Real-Time Workshop Embedded Coder documentation.

For descriptions of Symbols pane parameters, see Real-Time Workshop Pane: Symbols in the Real-Time Workshop reference.

Reserved Keywords

Real-Time Workshop software reserves certain words for its own use as keywords of the generated code language. Real-Time Workshop keywords are reserved for use internal to Real-Time Workshop software or C programming, and should not be used in Simulink models as identifiers or function names. If your model contains any reserved keywords, the Real-Time Workshop build does not complete and an error message is displayed. To address this error, modify your model to use identifiers or names that are not reserved. The following tables list Real-Time Workshop Language Keywords and Real-Time Workshop Target Function Library Keywords.

Real-Time Workshop® Language Keywords

abscontinueFALSENULLtime_T
asmcreal_Tfloatpointer_Ttrue
autocreal32_Tforreal_TTRUE
boolcreal64_Tfortranreal32_Ttypedef
boolean_Tcuint8_Tgotoreal64_Tuint_T
breakcuint16_Tid_tregisteruint8_T
byte_Tcuint32_Tifreturnuint16_T
casedefaultintshortuint32_T
chardoint_Tsigneduint64_T
char_Tdoubleint8_Tsingleunion
cint8_Telseint16_Tsizeofunsigned
cint16_Tenumint32_Tstaticvoid
cint32_Texternint64_Tstructvolatile
constfalselongswitchwhile

Real-Time Workshop® Target Function Library Keywords

acosFLT_MINmuDoubleScalarMaxrt_Lookup32
acosffmaxmuDoubleScalarMinrt_MAX
acoshfmaxfmuDoubleScalarModrt_MIN
acoshffminmuDoubleScalarPowertruncf
asinfminfmuDoubleScalarRoundtrunc
asinffmodmuDoubleScalarSignRT_PI
asinhfmodfmuDoubleScalarSinrt_SATURATE
asinhfhypotmuDoubleScalarSinhrt_SGN
atanhypotfmuDoubleScalarSqrtrt_UNSGN
atan2ldexpmuDoubleScalarTantanhf
atan2flogmuDoubleScalarTanhrt_ZCFcn
atanflog10powrtInf
atanhlog10fpowfrtInfF
atanhflogfroundfrtIsInf
ceilmemcmprt_ABSrtIsInfF
ceilfmemcpyrt_atan2rtIsNaN
cosmemsetrt_atan232rtIsNaNF
cosfmuDoubleScalarAbsutAssertrtMinusInf
coshmuDoubleScalarAcosrt_DIVQUOTrtMinusInfF
coshfmuDoubleScalarAcoshrt_DIVREMrtNaN
DBL_EPSILONmuDoubleScalarAsinRT_ErtNaNF
DBL_MAXmuDoubleScalarAsinhrt_FSGNsin
DBL_MINmuDoubleScalarAtanrt_hypotsinf
expmuDoubleScalarAtan2rt_hypot32sinh
exp10muDoubleScalarAtanhrt_I32ZCFcnsinhf
exp10fmuDoubleScalarCeilrt_InitInfAndNaNSLibSfcnHelperFcns
expfmuDoubleScalarCosRT_LN_10sqrt
fabsmuDoubleScalarCoshRT_LOG10Esqrtf
fabsfmuDoubleScalarExprt_Lookuptan
floormuDoubleScalarFloorrt_Lookup2D_Generaltanf
floorfmuDoubleScalarHypotrt_Lookup2D_Normaltanh
FLT_EPSILONmuDoubleScalarLogrt_Lookup2D32_General 
FLT_MAXmuDoubleScalarLog10rt_Lookup2D32_Normal 

Configuring Custom Code

Configure a model such that the Real-Time Workshop code generator includes external code—headers, files and functions—in generated code by using the Custom Code pane.

Use the Custom Code pane to insert code into the generated files and to include additional files and paths in the build process.

To...Select...
Insert custom code near the top of the generated model.c or model.cpp file, outside of any functionSource file and enter the custom code to insert.
Insert custom code near the top of the generated model.h fileHeader file and enter the custom code to insert.
Insert custom code inside the model's initialize function in the model.c or model.cpp fileInitialize function
Insert custom code inside the model's terminate function in the model.c or model.cpp file. Terminate functionand enter the custom code to insert. Also select the Terminate function required parameter on the Interface pane.
Add include directories, which contain header files, to the build processInclude directories and enter the absolute or relative paths to the directories. If you specify relative paths, the paths must be relative to the directory containing your model files, not relative to the build directory. The order in which you specify the directories is the order in which they are searched for source and include files.
Add source files to be compiled and linkedSource files and enter the full paths or just the filenames for the files. A filename is sufficient if the file is in the current MATLAB directory or in one of the include directories. For each additional source that you specify, the Real-Time Workshop build process expands a generic rule in the template makefile for the directory in which the source file is found. For example, if a source file is found in directory inc, the Real-Time Workshop build process adds a rule similar to the following:

 %.obj: buildir\inc\%.c 
           $(CC) -c -Fo$(@F) $(CFLAGS) $< 

The Real-Time Workshop build process adds the rules in the order you list the source files.

Add libraries to be linked Libraries and enter the full paths or just the filenames for the libraries. A file name is sufficient if the library is located in the current MATLAB directory or is listed as one of the Include directories.

For descriptions of Custom Code pane parameters, see Real-Time Workshop Pane: Custom Code in the Real-Time Workshop reference documentation.

Troubleshooting the Build Process

Use the Debug pane to configure a model such that generated code and the build process are optimized for troubleshooting. You can set parameters that apply to the model compilation phase, the target language code generation phase, or both.

The debug parameters will be helpful if you are writing TLC code for customizing targets, integrating legacy code, or developing new blocks. .

To...Select...
Display progress information during code generation in the MATLAB Command WindowVerbose build.Compiler output also displays.
Prevent the build process from deleting the model.rtw file from the build directory at the end of the buildRetain .rtw file. This parameter is useful if you are modifying the target files, in which case you need to look at the model.rtw file.
Instruct the TLC profiler to analyze the performance of TLC code executed during code generation and generate a reportProfile TLC. The report is in HTML format and can be read in your Web browser.
Start the TLC debugger during code generationStart TLC debugger when generating code. Alternatively, enter the argument -dc for the System Target File parameter on the Real-Time Workshop pane. To start the debugger and run a debugger script, enter -df filename for System Target File.
To generate a report containing statistics indicating how many times the Real-Time Workshop code generator reads each line of TLC code during code generationStart TLC coverage when generating code. Alternatively, enter the argument -dg for the System Target File parameter on the Real-Time Workshop pane.
Halt a build if any user-supplied TLC file contains an %assert directive that evaluates to FALSEEnable TLC assertion. Alternatively, you can use MATLAB commands to control TLC assertion handling.

To set the flag on or off, use the set_param command. The default is off.

set_param(model, 'TLCAssertion', 'on|off') 

To check the current setting, use get_param.

get_param(model, 'TLCAssertion')

See the Target Language Compiler documentation for details. Also, consider using the Model Advisor as a tool for troubleshooting model builds.

For descriptions of Debug pane parameters, see Real-Time Workshop Pane: Debug in the Real-Time Workshop reference documentation.

Configuring Model Interfaces

Use the Interface pane to control which math library is used at run time, whether to include one of three APIs in generated code, and certain other interface options.

To...Select or Enter...
Specify the target-specific math library to use when generating code

Select C89/C90(ANSI), C99(ISO), or GNU99(GNU) for Target function library. (Additional values may be listed if you have created and registered target function libraries with the Real-Time Workshop Embedded Coder product, or if you have licensed any Link or Target products.)

Selecting C89/C90(ANSI) provides the ANSI®[a] C set of library functions. For example, selecting C89/C90(ANSI) would result in generated code that calls sin() whether the input argument is double precision or single precision. However, if you select C99(ISO), the call instead is to the function sinf(), which is single precision. If your compiler supports the ISO®[b] C math extensions, selecting the ISO C library can result in more efficient code.

For more information about target function libraries, see Selecting and Viewing Target Function Libraries.

Direct where the Real-Time Workshop code generator should place fixed-point and other utility codeSelect Auto or Shared location for Utility function generation. The shared location directs code for utilities to be placed within the slprj directory in your working directory, which is used for building model reference targets. If you select Auto,
  • When the model contains Model blocks, utilities are placed within the slprj/target/_sharedutils directory.

  • When the model does not contain Model blocks, utilities are placed in the build directory (generally, in model.c or model.cpp).

Specify a string to be added to the variable names used when logging data to MAT-files, to distinguish logging data from Real-Time Workshop and Simulink applicationsEnter a prefix or suffix, such as rt_ or (_rt, for MAT-file variable name modifier. The Real-Time Workshop code generator prefixes or appends the string to the variable names for system outputs, states, and simulation time specified in the Data Import/Export pane. See Configuring a Model for Data Logging for information on MAT-file data logging.
Specify an API to be included in generated codeSelect C-API, External mode, or ASAP2 for Interface. When you select C-API or External mode, other options appear. C-API and External mode are mutually exclusive. However, this is not the case for C-API and ASAP2. For more information on working with these interfaces, see C-API for Interfacing with Signals and Parameters and External Mode.

[a] ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute, Inc.

[b] ISO is a registered trademark of the International Organization for Standardization.

When the Real-Time Workshop Embedded Coder product is installed on your system, the Interface pane expands to include several additional options. For details, see Configuring Model Interfaces in the Real-Time Workshop Embedded Coder documentation.

For a summary of option dependencies, see Interface Dependencies. For details on using the external mode interface, see External Mode. For information on using C-API and ASAP2 interfaces see Data Exchange APIs.

For descriptions of Interface pane parameters, see Real-Time Workshop Pane: Interface in the Real-Time Workshop reference documentation.

Interface Dependencies

Several parameters available on the Interface pane have dependencies on settings of other parameters. The following table summarizes the dependencies.

ParameterDependencies?Dependency Details
Target function libraryNo 
Utility function generationYes 
Support floating-point numbers (ERT targets only)No 
Support non-finite numbers (ERT targets only)YesEnabled by Support floating-point numbers
Support complex numbers (ERT targets only)No 
Support absolute time (ERT targets only)No 
Support continuous time (ERT targets only)No 
Support non-inlined S-functions (ERT targets only)YesRequires that you enable Support floating-point numbers and Support non-finite numbers
GRT compatible call interface (ERT targets only)YesRequires that you enable Support floating-point numbers and disable Single output/update function
Single output/update function (ERT targets only)YesDisable for GRT compatible call interface
Terminate function required (ERT targets only)Yes 
Generate reusable code (ERT targets only)Yes 
Reusable code error diagnostic (ERT targets only)YesEnabled by Generate reusable code
Pass root-level I/O as (ERT targets only)YesEnabled by Generate reusable code
Create Simulink S-Function block (ERT targets only)No 
MAT-file loggingYesFor ERT targets, requires that you enable Support floating-point numbers, Support non-finite numbers, and Terminate function required
MAT-file file variable name modifier (ERT targets only)YesEnabled by MAT-file logging
Suppress error status in real-time model data structure (ERT targets only)No 
InterfaceNo 
Signals in C APIYesSet Interface to C-API
Parameters in C APIYesSet Interface to C-API
Transport layerYesSet Interface to External mode
MEX-file argumentsYesSet Interface to External mode
Static memory allocationYesSet Interface to External mode
Static memory buffer sizeYesEnable Static memory allocation

Selecting and Viewing Target Function Libraries

Selecting a Target-Specific Math Library for Your Model

A target function library (TFL) is a set of one or more function replacement tables that define the target-specific implementations of math functions and operators to be used in generating code for your Simulink model. The Real-Time Workshop product provides three default TFLs, which you can select from the Target function library drop-down list on the Interface pane of the Configuration Parameters dialog box.

TFLDescriptionContains tables...
C89/C90 (ANSI)Generates calls to the ISO/IEC 9899:1990 C standard math library for floating-point functions.ansi_tfl_table_tmw.mat
C99 (ISO)Generates calls to the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 C standard math library.iso_tfl_table_tmw.mat
ansi_tfl_table_tmw.mat
GNU99 (GNU)Generates calls to the Free Software Foundation's GNU® gcc math library, which provides C99 extensions as defined by compiler option -std=gnu99.gnu_tfl_table_tmw.mat
iso_tfl_table_tmw.mat
ansi_tfl_table_tmw.mat

TFL tables provide the basis for replacing default math functions and operators in your model code with target-specific code. If you select a library and then hover over the selected library with the cursor, a tool tip is displayed that describes the TFL and lists the function replacement tables it contains. Tables are listed in the order in which they are searched for a function or operator match.

The Real-Time Workshop product allows you to view the content of TFL function replacement tables using the Target Function Library Viewer, as described in Using the Target Function Library Viewer. If you are licensed to use the Real-Time Workshop Embedded Coder product, you additionally can create and register the function replacement tables that make up a TFL.

Function Replacement Table Overview

Each TFL function replacement table contains one or more table entries, with each table entry representing a potential replacement for a single math function or an operator. Each table entry provides a mapping between a conceptual view of the function or operator (similar to the Simulink block view of the function or operator) and a target-specific implementation of that function or operator.

The conceptual view of a function or operator is represented in a TFL table entry by the following elements, which identify the function or operator entry to the code generation process:

The target-specific implementation of a function or operator is represented in a TFL table entry by the following elements:

Additionally, a TFL table entry includes a priority value (0-100, with 0 as the highest priority), which defines the entry's priority relative to other entries in the table.

During code generation for your model, when the code generation process encounters a call site for a math function or operator, it creates and partially populates a TFL entry object, for the purpose of querying the TFL database for a replacement function. The information provided for the TFL query includes the function or operator key and the conceptual argument list. The TFL entry object is then passed to the TFL and, if there is a matching table entry in the TFL, a fully-populated TFL entry, including the implementation function name, argument list, and build information, is returned to the call site and used to generate code.

Within the TFL that is selected for your model, the tables that comprise the TFL are searched in the order in which they are listed (in the left or right pane of the TFL Viewer or in the TFL's Target function library tool tip). Within each table, if multiple matches are found for a TFL entry object, priority level determines the match that is returned. A higher-priority (lower-numbered) entry will be used over a similar entry with a lower priority (higher number).

Using the Target Function Library Viewer

The Target Function Library Viewer allows you to examine the content of TFL function replacement tables. (For an overview of function replacement tables and the information they contain, see the preceding section.) To launch the Viewer with all currently registered TFLs displayed, issue the following MATLAB command:

>> RTW.viewTfl

Select the name of a TFL in the left pane, and the Viewer displays information about the TFL in the right pane. For example, the tables that make up the TFL are listed in priority order. In the following display, the GNU TFL has been selected.

Click the plus sign (+) next to a TFL name in the left pane to expand its list of tables, and select a table from the list. The Viewer displays all function and operator entries in the selected table in the middle pane, along with abbreviated table entry information for each entry. In the following display, the ANSI table has been selected.

The following fields appear in the abbreviated table entry information provided in the middle pane:

FieldDescription
NameName of the function or ID of the operator to be replaced (for example, cos or RTW_OP_ADD).
ImplementationName of the implementation function, which can match or differ from Name.
NumInNumber of input arguments.
In1TypeData type of the first conceptual input argument.
In2TypeData type of the second conceptual input argument.
OutTypeData type of the conceptual output argument.
PriorityThe entry's search priority, 0-100, relative to other entries of the same name and conceptual argument list within this table. Highest priority is 0, and lowest priority is 100. The default is 100. If the table provides two implementations for a function or operator, the implementation with the higher priority will shadow the one with the lower priority.
UsageCountNot used.

Select a function or operator entry in the middle pane. The Viewer displays detailed information from the table entry in the right pane. In the following display, the second entry for the cos function has been selected.

The following fields appear in the detailed table entry information provided in the right pane.

FieldDescription
DescriptionText description of the table entry (can be empty).
KeyName of the function or ID of the operator to be replaced (for example, cos or RTW_OP_ADD), and the number of conceptual input arguments.
ImplementationName of the implementation function, and the number of implementation input arguments.
Implementation typeType of implementation: FCN_IMPL_FUNCT for function or FCN_IMPL_MACRO for macro.
Saturation modeSaturation mode supported by the implementation function for an operator replacement: RTW_SATURATE_ON_OVERFLOW, RTW_WRAP_ON_OVERFLOW, or RTW_SATURATE_UNSPECIFIED.
Rounding modeRounding mode supported by the implementation function for an operator replacement: RTW_ROUND_FLOOR, RTW_ROUND_CEILING, RTW_ROUND_ZERO, RTW_ROUND_NEAREST, RTW_ROUND_NEAREST_ML, RTW_ROUND_SIMPLEST, RTW_ROUND_CONV, or RTW_ROUND_UNSPECIFIED.
GenCallback fileNot used.
Implementation headerName of the header file that declares the implementation function.
Implementation sourceName of the implementation source file.
PriorityThe entry's search priority, 0-100, relative to other entries of the same name and conceptual argument list within this table. Highest priority is 0, and lowest priority is 100. The default is 100. If the table provides two implementations for a function or operator, the implementation with the higher priority will shadow the one with the lower priority.
Total Usage CountNot used.
Conceptual argument(s)Name, I/O type (RTW_IO_OUTPUT or RTW_IO_INPUT), and data type for each conceptual argument.
ImplementationName, I/O type (RTW_IO_OUTPUT or RTW_IO_INPUT), and data type for each implementation argument.

If you select an operator entry, an additional tab containing fixed-point setting information is displayed in the right pane. For example:

The following fields appear in the fixed-point setting information provided in the right pane:

FieldDescription
Slopes must be the sameIndicates whether TFL replacement request processing must check that the slopes on all arguments (input and output) are equal. Used with fixed-point addition and subtraction replacement to disregard specific slope and bias values and map relative slope and bias values to a replacement function.
Must have zero net biasIndicates whether TFL replacement request processing must check that the net bias on all arguments is zero. Used with fixed-point addition and subtraction replacement to disregard specific slope and bias values and map relative slope and bias values to a replacement function.
Relative scaling factor FSlope adjustment factor (F) part of the relative scaling factor, F2E, for relative scaling TFL entries. Used with fixed-point multiplication and division replacement to map a range of slope and bias values to a replacement function.
Relative scaling factor EFixed exponent (E) part of the relative scaling factor, F2E, for relative scaling TFL entries. Used with fixed-point multiplication and division replacement to map a range of slope and bias values to a replacement function.


[a] ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute, Inc.

[b] ISO is a registered trademark of the International Organization for Standardization.

  


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