Select Index

Preface

    What Is Filter Design Toolbox?
    Related Products List
    Using This Guide
        New Users of This Toolbox
        Experienced Users of This Toolbox
        Organization of This Guide

    Configuration Information
    Technical Conventions
    Typographical Conventions

Getting Started

    Filter Design Toolbox Overview
        Filter Design Functions in the Toolbox
        Quantization Functions in the Toolbox
            Data Quantizers
            Quantized Filters
            Quantized Fast Fourier Transforms

        Comparison to the Signal Processing Toolbox
            Filters in Signal Processing Toolbox
            Filters in Filter Design Toolbox

        Getting Started with the Toolbox
            Example - Creating a Quantized IIR Filter
            Designing the IIR Filter
            Quantizing the IIR Filter

        Selected Bibliography

    Designing Advanced Filters
        The Optimal Filter Design Problem
            Optimal Filter Design Theory
            Optimal Filter Design Solutions

        Advanced FIR Filter Designs
            gremez Examples
            firlpnorm Examples

        Advanced IIR Filter Designs
            iirlpnorm Examples
            iirlpnormc Examples
            iirgrpdelay Examples

        Robust Filter Architectures
            Filter Design Example That Includes Quantization

        Selected Bibliography

    Designing Adaptive Filters
        Overview of Adaptive Filters and Applications
            Choosing an Adaptive Filter
            System Identification
            Inverse System Identification
            Noise Cancellation (or Interference Cancellation)
            Prediction

        Adaptive Filters in the Filter Design Toolbox
            Algorithms
            Using Adaptive Filter Objects

        Examples of Adaptive Filters That Use LMS Algorithms
            adaptfilt.lms Example--System Identification
            adaptfilt.nlms Example--System Identification
            adaptfilt.sd Example--Noise Cancellation
            adaptfilt.se Example--Noise Cancellation
            adaptfilt.ss Example--Noise Cancellation

        Example of Adaptive Filter That Uses RLS Algorithm
            adaptfilt.rls Example--Inverse System Identification

        Adaptive Filter Properties Reference
            Adaptive Filter Properties

        Selected Bibliography

    Digital Frequency Transformations
        Introduction
        Definition of the Problem
            Selecting Features Subject to Transformation
            Mapping from Prototype Filter to Target Filter
            Summary of Frequency Transformations

        Frequency Transformations for Real Filters
            Real Frequency Shift
            Real Lowpass to Real Lowpass
            Real Lowpass to Real Highpass
            Real Lowpass to Real Bandpass
            Real Lowpass to Real Bandstop
            Real Lowpass to Real Multiband
            Real Lowpass to Real Multipoint

        Frequency Transformations for Complex Filters
            Complex Frequency Shift
            Real Lowpass to Complex Bandpass
            Real Lowpass to Complex Bandstop
            Real Lowpass to Complex Multiband
            Real Lowpass to Complex Multipoint
            Complex Bandpass to Complex Bandpass

    Quantization and Quantized Filtering
        Binary Data Types
            Digital Filters
            Quantized Filter Types
            Quantized Filter Structures
            Data Format for Quantized Filters
            Quantized FFTs and Quantized Inverse FFTs

        Introductory Quantized Filter Example
            Constructing an Eight-Bit Quantized Filter
            Analyzing Poles and Zeros with zplane
            Analyzing the Impulse Response with impz
            Analyzing the Frequency Response with freqz
            Noise Loading Frequency Response Analysis: nlm
            Analyzing Limit Cycles with limitcycle

        Fixed-Point Arithmetic
            Radix Point Interpretation
            Dynamic Range and Precision
            Overflows and Scaling

        Floating-Point Arithmetic
            Scientific Notation
            The IEEE Format
            The Exponent
            The Fraction
            The Sign Bit
            Single-Precision Format
            Double-Precision Format
            Custom Floating-Point Data Types
            Dynamic Range
            Exceptional Arithmetic

Examples

Working with Objects

    Objects for Quantized Filtering
        Constructing Objects
        Copying Objects to Inherit Properties

    Properties and Property Values
        Setting and Retrieving Property Values
        Setting Property Values Directly at Construction
        Setting Property Values with the set Command
        Retrieving Properties with the get Command
        Direct Property Referencing to Set and Get Values

    Functions Acting on Objects
    Using Command Line Help
        Command Line Help For Nonoverloaded Functions
        Command Line Help For Overloaded Functions

    Using Cell Arrays
        Indexing into a Cell Array of Vectors or Matrices
        Indexing into a Cell Array of Cell Arrays

Working with Quantizers

    Quantizers and Unit Quantizers
    Constructing Quantizers
        Constructor for Quantizers

    Quantizer Properties
        Properties and Property Values
        Settable Quantizer Properties
        Setting Quantizer Properties Without Naming Them
        Read-Only Quantizer Properties

    Quantizing Data with Quantizers
        Example -- Data-Related Quantizer Information

    Transformations for Quantized Data
    Quantizer Data Functions

Working with Quantized Filters

    Constructing Quantized Filters
        Constructor for Quantized Filters
        Constructing a Quantized Filter from a Reference
        Copying Filters to Inherit Properties
        Changing Filter Property Values After Construction

    Quantized Filter Properties
        Properties and Property Values
        Basic Filter Properties
        Specifying the Filter Reference Coefficients
        Specifying the Quantized Filter Structure
        Specifying the Data Formats
        Specifying All Data Format Properties at Once
        Specifying the Format Parameters with setbits
        Using normalize to Scale Coefficients

    Filtering Data with Quantized Filters
    Transformation Functions for Quantized Filter Coefficients

Working with Quantized FFTs

    Constructing Quantized FFTs
        Constructor for Quantized FFTs
        Copying Quantized FFTs to Inherit Properties

    Quantized FFT Properties
        Properties and Property Values
        Basic Quantized FFT Properties
        Specifying the Data Formats
        Specifying All Data Format Properties at Once
        Specifying the Format Parameters with setbits

    Computing a Quantized FFT or Inverse FFT of Data

Quantized Filtering Analysis Examples

    Example -- Quantized Filtering of Noisy Speech
        Loading a Speech Signal
        Analyzing the Frequency Content of the Speech
        Adding Noise to the Speech
        Creating a Filter to Extract the 3000Hz Noise
        Quantizing the Filter as a Fixed-Point Filter
        Normalizing the Quantized Filter Coefficients
        Analyzing the Filter Poles and Zeros Using zplane
        Creating a Filter with Second-Order Sections
        Quantized Filter Frequency Response Analysis
        Filtering with Quantized Filters
        Analyzing the filter Function Logged Results

    Example -- A Quantized Filter Bank
        Filtering Data with the Filter Bank
        Creating a DFT Polyphase FIR Quantized Filter Bank

    Example -- Effects of Quantized Arithmetic
        Creating a Quantizer for Data
        Creating a Fixed-Point Filter from a Quantized Reference
        Creating a Double-Precision Quantized Filter
        Quantizing a Data Set
        Filtering the Quantized Data with Both Filters
        Comparing the Results

Using FDATool with the Filter Design Toolbox

    Switching FDATool to Quantization Mode
    Quantizing Filters in the Filter Design and Analysis Tool
        To Quantize Reference Filters
        To Change the Quantization Properties of Quantized Filters

    Analyzing Filters with the Noise Loading Method
        Using the Noise Loading Method
        Comparing the NLM and Theoretical Magnitude Responses
        Choosing Your Quantized Filter Structure
        Converting the Structure of a Quantized Filter
        To Convert Your Filter to Second-Order Sections Form

    Optimizing the Quantization Process For Your Filter
        Control Coefficient Quantization
        Limit Coefficient Overflow By Fraction Length Changes
        Normalizing Transfer Function Coefficients
        Scaling Transfer Function Coefficients
        To Scale Transfer Function Coefficients
        Scaling Inputs and Outputs of Quantized Filters
        To Enter Scale Values for Quantized Filters

    Importing and Exporting Quantized Filters
        To Import Quantized Filters
        To Export Quantized Filters

    Import XILINX Coefficient (.COE) Files with FDATool
    Transforming Filters
        Original Filter Type
        Frequency Point To Transform
        Transformed Filter Type
        Specify Desired Frequency Location
        To Transform Filters

    Realizing Filters as Simulink Subsystem Blocks
        About the Realize Model Panel in FDATool
        To Realize a Filter Using FDATool

    Getting Help for FDATool
        Context-Sensitive Help--The What's This? Option
        Additional Help for FDATool

Property Reference

    A Quick Guide to Quantizer Properties
    Quantizer Properties Reference
        Format
        Max
        Min
        Mode
        NOperations
        NOverflows
        NUnderflows
        OverflowMode
        RoundMode

    A Quick Guide to Quantized Filter Properties
    Quantized Filter Properties Reference
        CoefficientFormat
        FilterStructure
        InputFormat
        NumberOfSections
        MultiplicandFormat
        OutputFormat
        ProductFormat
        QuantizedCoefficients
        ReferenceCoefficients
        ScaleValues
        StatesPerSection
        SumFormat

    A Quick Guide to Quantized FFT Properties
    Quantized FFT Properties Reference
        CoefficientFormat
        InputFormat
        Length
        NumberOfSections
        MultiplicandFormat
        OutputFormat
        ProductFormat
        Radix
        ScaleValues
        SumFormat

Functions--By Category

    Quantized Filter Construction and Property Functions
    Quantized Filter Analysis Functions
    Second-Order Sections Conversion Functions
    Quantizer Construction and Property Functions
    Quantizer Analysis Functions
    Quantized FFT Construction and Property Functions
    Quantized FFT Analysis Functions
    Filter Design Functions
    Adaptive Filters Constructors
    Filter Conversion Functions
    Multirate Filter Constructors
    Methods Operating on Adaptive Filter and Multirate Filter Objects

Functions Operating on Quantized Filters

Functions Operating on Quantizers

Functions Operating on Quantized FFTs

Functions for Designing Digital Filters

Functions--Alphabetical List

Bibliography

    Advanced Filters
    Adaptive Filters
    Frequency Transformations

Quantization Tool Reference -- CS Help

    FDATool Quantization Mode Overview
    Quantize Filter
    Turn quantization on
    Enable Quantizer Checkboxes
    Convert coefficients to
    Convert input to
    Convert output to
    Convert multiplicand to
    Convert product to
    Convert sum to
    Mode
    Round Mode
    Overflow Mode
    Format
    Apply
    Optimization...
    Do not quantize coefficients that are exactly equal to 1
    Adjust coefficient fraction length such that coefficients do not overflow
    Normalize numerator coefficients such that maximum absolute value <= 1 and scale values are powers of 2
    Normalize denominator coefficients such that
    Preserve filter gain when normalizing coefficients
    Specify scale values
    Filter input scale values
    Filter output scale value
    Filter Transformation Panel Overview
    Original filter type
    Frequency point to transform
    Transformed filter type
    Specify desired frequency location
    Specify a vector of desired frequency locations

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