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iqcoef2imbal

Convert compensator coefficient to amplitude and phase imbalance

Description

example

[A,P] = iqcoef2imbal(C) converts compensator coefficient C to its equivalent amplitude and phase imbalance.

Examples

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Use iqcoef2imbal to estimate the amplitude and phase imbalance for a given complex coefficient. The coefficients are an output from the step function of the IQImbalanceCompensator.

Create a raised cosine transmit filter to generate a 64-QAM signal.

M = 64;
txFilt = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter;

Modulate and filter random 64-ary symbols.

data = randi([0 M-1],100000,1);
dataMod = qammod(data,M);
txSig = step(txFilt,dataMod);

Specify amplitude and phase imbalance.

ampImb = 2; % dB 
phImb = 15; % degrees

Apply the specified I/Q imbalance.

gainI = 10.^(0.5*ampImb/20);
gainQ = 10.^(-0.5*ampImb/20);
imbI = real(txSig)*gainI*exp(-0.5i*phImb*pi/180);
imbQ = imag(txSig)*gainQ*exp(1i*(pi/2 + 0.5*phImb*pi/180));
rxSig = imbI + imbQ;

Normalize the power of the received signal

rxSig = rxSig/std(rxSig);

Remove the I/Q imbalance using the comm.IQImbalanceCompensator System object™. Set the compensator object such that the complex coefficients are made available as an output argument.

hIQComp = comm.IQImbalanceCompensator('CoefficientOutputPort',true);
[compSig,coef] = step(hIQComp,rxSig);

Estimate the imbalance from the last value of the compensator coefficient.

[ampImbEst,phImbEst] = iqcoef2imbal(coef(end));

Compare the estimated imbalance values with the specified ones. Notice that there is good agreement.

[ampImb phImb; ampImbEst phImbEst]
ans = 2×2

    2.0000   15.0000
    2.0178   14.5740

Input Arguments

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Coefficient used to compensate for an I/Q imbalance, specified as a complex-valued vector.

Example: 0.4+0.6i

Example: [0.1+0.2i; 0.3+0.5i]

Data Types: single | double

Output Arguments

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Amplitude imbalance in dB, returned as a real-valued vector with the same dimensions as C.

Phase imbalance in degrees, returned as a real-valued vector with the same dimensions as C.

More About

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I/Q Imbalance Compensation

The function iqcoef2imbal is a supporting function for the comm.IQImbalanceCompensator System object™.

Given a scaling and rotation factor, G, compensator coefficient, C, and received signal, x, the compensated signal, y, has the form

y=G[x+Cconj(x)].

In matrix form, this can be rewritten as

Y=RX,

where X is a 2-by-1 vector representing the imbalanced signal [XI, XQ] and Y is a 2-by-1 vector representing the compensator output [YI, YQ].

The matrix R is expressed as

R=[1+Re{C}Im{C}Im{C}1Re{C}]

For the compensator to perfectly remove the I/Q imbalance, R = K-1 because X=KS, where K is a 2-by-2 matrix whose values are determined by the amplitude and phase imbalance and S is the ideal signal. Define a matrix M with the form

M=[1αα1]

Both M and M-1 can be thought of as scaling and rotation matrices that correspond to the factor G. Because K = R-1, the product M-1 R K M is the identity matrix, where M-1 R represents the compensator output and K M represents the I/Q imbalance. The coefficient α is chosen such that

KM=L[Igaincos(θI)Qgaincos(θQ)Igainsin(θI)Qgainsin(θQ)]

where L is a constant. From this form, we can obtain Igain, Qgain, θI, and θQ. For a given phase imbalance, ΦImb, the in-phase and quadrature angles can be expressed as

θI=(π/2)(ΦImb/180)θQ=π/2+(π/2)(ΦImb/180)

Hence, cos(θQ) = sin(θI) and sin(θQ) = cos(θI) so that

L[Igaincos(θI)Qgaincos(θQ)Igainsin(θI)Qgainsin(θQ)]=L[Igaincos(θI)Qgainsin(θI)Igainsin(θI)Qgaincos(θI)]

The I/Q imbalance can be expressed as

KM=[K11+αK12αK11+K12K21+αK22αK21+K22]=L[Igaincos(θI)Qgainsin(θI)Igainsin(θI)Qgaincos(θI)]

Therefore,

(K21+αK22)/(K11+αK12)=(αK11+K12)/(αK21+K22)=sin(θI)/cos(θI)

The equation can be written as a quadratic equation to solve for the variable α, that is D1α2 + D2α + D3 = 0, where

D1=K11K12+K22K21D2=K122+K212K112K222D3=K11K12K21K22

When |C| ≤ 1, the quadratic equation has the following solution:

α=D2D24D1D32D1

Otherwise, when |C| > 1, the solution has the following form:

α=D2+D24D1D32D1

Finally, the amplitude imbalance, AImb, and the phase imbalance, ΦImb, are obtained.

K=K[1αα1]AImb=20log10(K11/K22)ΦImb=2tan1(K21/K11)(180/π)

Note

  • If C is real and |C| ≤ 1, the phase imbalance is 0 and the amplitude imbalance is 20log10((1–C)/(1+C))

  • If C is real and |C| > 1, the phase imbalance is 180° and the amplitude imbalance is 20log10((C+1)/(C−1)).

  • If C is imaginary, AImb = 0.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2014b