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# zpkshift

Zero-pole-gain real shift frequency transformation

## Syntax

[Z2,P2,K2,AllpassNum,AllpassDen] = zpkshift(Z,P,K,Wo,Wt)

## Description

[Z2,P2,K2,AllpassNum,AllpassDen] = zpkshift(Z,P,K,Wo,Wt) returns the zeros,Z2 , poles, P2, and gain factor, K2, of the target filter transformed from the zeros, poles, and gain factor of real lowpass prototype by applying a second-order real shift frequency mapping. It also returns the numerator, AllpassNum, and the denominator, AllpassDen of the allpass mapping filter.

This transformation places one selected feature of an original filter, located at frequency Wo, at the required target frequency location, Wt. This transformation implements the "DC Mobility," which means that the Nyquist feature stays at Nyquist, but the DC feature moves to a location dependent on the selection of Wo and Wt.

Relative positions of other features of an original filter do not change in the target filter. This means that it is possible to select two features of an original filter, F1 and F2, with F1 preceding F2. Feature F1 will still precede F2 after the transformation. However, the distance between F1 and F2 will not be the same before and after the transformation.

Choice of the feature subject to the real shift transformation is not restricted to the cutoff frequency of an original lowpass filter. In general it is possible to select any feature; e.g., the stopband edge, the DC, the deep minimum in the stopband, or other ones.

This transformation can also be used for transforming other types of filters; e.g., notch filters or resonators can change their position in a simple way without the need to design them again.

## Examples

Rotate frequency response by π/2 radians/sample:

[B,A] = ellip(10,0.1,40,0.25);
% Elliptic lowpass filter with passband frequency 0.25*pi rad/sample
Z = roots(B); % get roots of numerator polynomial- filter zeros
P = roots(A); % get roots of denominator polynomial- filter poles
K = B(1);
[Z2,P2,K2] = zpkshift(Z,P,K,0.25,0.75); % shift by 0.25*pi rad/sample
Num = poly(Z2);
Den = poly(P2);
hfvt = fvtool(B,A,K2*Num,Den);
axis([0 1 -90 10]);