# Documentation

### This is machine translation

Translated by
Mouse over text to see original. Click the button below to return to the English verison of the page.

## Conduct a Wald Test

This example shows how to calculate the required inputs for conducting a Wald test with waldtest. The Wald test compares the fit of a restricted model against an unrestricted model by testing whether the restriction function, evaluated at the unrestricted maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs), is significantly different from zero.

The required inputs for waldtest are a restriction function, the Jacobian of the restriction function evaluated at the unrestricted MLEs, and an estimate of the variance-covariance matrix evaluated at the unrestricted MLEs. This example compares the fit of an AR(1) model against an AR(2) model.

### Step 1. Compute the unrestricted MLE.

Obtain the unrestricted MLEs by fitting an AR(2) model (with a Gaussian innovation distribution) to the given data. Assume you have presample observations ( ) = (9.6249,9.6396)

Y = [10.1591; 10.1675; 10.1957; 10.6558; 10.2243; 10.4429; 10.5965; 10.3848; 10.3972; 9.9478; 9.6402; 9.7761; 10.0357; 10.8202; 10.3668; 10.3980; 10.2892; 9.6310; 9.6318; 9.1378; 9.6318; 9.1378]; Y0 = [9.6249; 9.6396]; model = arima(2,0,0); [fit,V] = estimate(model,Y,'Y0',Y0); 
 ARIMA(2,0,0) Model: -------------------- Conditional Probability Distribution: Gaussian Standard t Parameter Value Error Statistic ----------- ----------- ------------ ----------- Constant 2.88021 2.52387 1.14119 AR{1} 0.606229 0.40372 1.50161 AR{2} 0.106308 0.292833 0.363034 Variance 0.123855 0.0425975 2.90756 

When conducting a Wald test, only the unrestricted model needs to be fit. estimate returns the estimated variance-covariance matrix as an optional output.

### Step 2. Compute the Jacobian matrix.

Define the restriction function, and calculate its Jacobian matrix.

For comparing an AR(1) model to an AR(2) model, the restriction function is

 

The Jacobian of the restriction function is

 

Evaluate the restriction function and Jacobian at the unrestricted MLEs.

r = fit.AR{2}; R = [0 0 1 0]; 

### Step 3. Conduct a Wald test.

Conduct a Wald test to compare the restricted AR(1) model against the unrestricted AR(2) model.

[h,p,Wstat,crit] = waldtest(r,R,V) 
h = logical 0 p = 0.7166 Wstat = 0.1318 crit = 3.8415 

The restricted AR(1) model is not rejected in favor of the AR(2) model (h = 0).