# Documentation

### This is machine translation

Translated by
Mouse over text to see original. Click the button below to return to the English verison of the page.

## DDE with Constant Delays

This example shows how to use dde23 to solve a system of DDEs with constant delays.

Click ddex1.m or type edit ddex1.m in a command window to view the code for this example in an editor.

The differential equations are:

$\begin{array}{l}{y}_{1}{}^{\prime }\left(t\right)={y}_{1}\left(t-1\right)\hfill \\ {y}_{2}{}^{\prime }\left(t\right)={y}_{1}\left(t-1\right)+{y}_{2}\left(t-0.2\right)\hfill \\ {y}_{3}{}^{\prime }\left(t\right)={y}_{2}\left(t\right).\hfill \end{array}$

The history of this problem is constant:

$\begin{array}{c}{y}_{1}\left(t\right)=1\\ {y}_{2}\left(t\right)=1\\ {y}_{3}\left(t\right)=1\end{array}$

for t ≤ 0.

1. Create a new program file in the editor. This file will contain a main function and two local functions.

2. Define the first-order DDE as a local function.

function dydt = ddex1de(t,y,Z)
ylag1 = Z(:,1);
ylag2 = Z(:,2);
dydt = [ylag1(1); ylag1(1)+ylag2(2); y(2)];
end
3. Define the solution history as a local function.

function S = ddex1hist(t)
S = ones(3,1);
end
4. Define the delays, τ1,…,τk in the main function.

lags = [1,0.2];
5. Solve the DDE by calling dde23 in the main function. Pass the DDE function, the delays, the solution history, and interval of integration, [0,5], as inputs.

sol = dde23(@ddex1de,lags,@ddex1hist,[0,5]);

The dde23 function produces a continuous solution over the whole interval of integration [t0,tf].

6. Plot the solution returned by dde23. Add this code to your main function.

plot(sol.x,sol.y);
title('An example of Wille and Baker');
xlabel('time t');
ylabel('solution y');
legend('y_1','y_2','y_3','Location','NorthWest');

7. Evaluate the solution at 10 equally spaced points over the interval of integration. Then plot the results on the same axes as sol.y. Add this code to the main function.

tint = linspace(0,5,10);
Sint = deval(sol,tint)
hold on
plot(tint,Sint,'o');
8. Run your program to generate and plot the results.