# Documentation

### This is machine translation

Translated by
Mouseover text to see original. Click the button below to return to the English verison of the page.

# fseminf

Find minimum of semi-infinitely constrained multivariable nonlinear function

## Equation

Finds the minimum of a problem specified by

b and beq are vectors, A and Aeq are matrices, c(x), ceq(x), and Ki(x,wi) are functions that return vectors, and f(x) is a function that returns a scalar. f(x), c(x), and ceq(x) can be nonlinear functions. The vectors (or matrices) Ki(x,wi) ≤ 0 are continuous functions of both x and an additional set of variables w1,w2,...,wn. The variables w1,w2,...,wn are vectors of, at most, length two.

x, lb, and ub can be passed as vectors or matrices; see Matrix Arguments.

## Syntax

```x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon) x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon,A,b) x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon,A,b,Aeq,beq) x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb,ub) x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb,ub,options) x = fseminf(problem) [x,fval] = fseminf(...) [x,fval,exitflag] = fseminf(...) [x,fval,exitflag,output] = fseminf(...) [x,fval,exitflag,output,lambda] = fseminf(...) ```

## Description

`fseminf` finds a minimum of a semi-infinitely constrained scalar function of several variables, starting at an initial estimate. The aim is to minimize f(x) so the constraints hold for all possible values of wi1 (or wi2). Because it is impossible to calculate all possible values of Ki(x,wi), a region must be chosen for wi over which to calculate an appropriately sampled set of values.

### Note

Passing Extra Parameters explains how to pass extra parameters to the objective function and nonlinear constraint functions, if necessary.

`x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon)` starts at `x0` and finds a minimum of the function `fun` constrained by `ntheta` semi-infinite constraints defined in `seminfcon`.

`x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon,A,b)` also tries to satisfy the linear inequalities `A*x ≤ b`.

`x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon,A,b,Aeq,beq)` minimizes subject to the linear equalities `Aeq*x = beq` as well. Set `A = []` and `b = []` if no inequalities exist.

`x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb,ub)` defines a set of lower and upper bounds on the design variables in `x`, so that the solution is always in the range `lb `` x `` ub`.

### Note

`x = fseminf(fun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb,ub,options)` minimizes with the optimization options specified in `options`. Use `optimoptions` to set these options.

`x = fseminf(problem)` finds the minimum for `problem`, where `problem` is a structure described in Input Arguments.

Create the `problem` structure by exporting a problem from Optimization app, as described in Exporting Your Work.

`[x,fval] = fseminf(...)` returns the value of the objective function `fun` at the solution `x`.

`[x,fval,exitflag] = fseminf(...)` returns a value `exitflag` that describes the exit condition.

`[x,fval,exitflag,output] = fseminf(...)` returns a structure `output` that contains information about the optimization.

`[x,fval,exitflag,output,lambda] = fseminf(...)` returns a structure `lambda` whose fields contain the Lagrange multipliers at the solution `x`.

### Note

If the specified input bounds for a problem are inconsistent, the output `x` is `x0` and the output `fval` is `[]`.

## Input Arguments

Function Input Arguments contains general descriptions of arguments passed into `fseminf`. This section provides function-specific details for `fun`, `ntheta`, `options`, `seminfcon`, and `problem`:

`fun`

The function to be minimized. `fun` is a function that accepts a vector `x` and returns a scalar `f`, the objective function evaluated at `x`. The function `fun` can be specified as a function handle for a file

`x = fseminf(@myfun,x0,ntheta,seminfcon)`

where `myfun` is a MATLAB® function such as

```function f = myfun(x) f = ... % Compute function value at x```

`fun` can also be a function handle for an anonymous function.

`fun = @(x)sin(x''*x);`

If the gradient of `fun` can also be computed and the `SpecifyObjectiveGradient` option is `true`, as set by

`options = optimoptions('fseminf','SpecifyObjectiveGradient',true)`

then the function `fun` must return, in the second output argument, the gradient value `g`, a vector, at `x`.

`ntheta`

The number of semi-infinite constraints.

`options`

Options provides the function-specific details for the `options` values.

`seminfcon`

The function that computes the vector of nonlinear inequality constraints, `c`, a vector of nonlinear equality constraints, `ceq`, and `ntheta` semi-infinite constraints (vectors or matrices) `K1`, `K2`,`...`, `Kntheta` evaluated over an interval `S` at the point `x`. The function `seminfcon` can be specified as a function handle.

`x = fseminf(@myfun,x0,ntheta,@myinfcon)`

where `myinfcon` is a MATLAB function such as

```function [c,ceq,K1,K2,...,Kntheta,S] = myinfcon(x,S) % Initial sampling interval if isnan(S(1,1)), S = ...% S has ntheta rows and 2 columns end w1 = ...% Compute sample set w2 = ...% Compute sample set ... wntheta = ... % Compute sample set K1 = ... % 1st semi-infinite constraint at x and w K2 = ... % 2nd semi-infinite constraint at x and w ... Kntheta = ...% Last semi-infinite constraint at x and w c = ... % Compute nonlinear inequalities at x ceq = ... % Compute the nonlinear equalities at x ```

`S` is a recommended sampling interval, which might or might not be used. Return `[]` for `c` and `ceq` if no such constraints exist.

The vectors or matrices `K1`, `K2`, `...`, `Kntheta` contain the semi-infinite constraints evaluated for a sampled set of values for the independent variables `w1`, `w2`, `...`, `wntheta`, respectively. The two-column matrix, `S`, contains a recommended sampling interval for values of `w1`, `w2`, `...`, `wntheta`, which are used to evaluate `K1`, `K2`, `...`, `Kntheta`. The `i`th row of `S` contains the recommended sampling interval for evaluating `K``i`. When `K``i` is a vector, use only `S(i,1)` (the second column can be all zeros). When `K``i` is a matrix, `S(i,2)` is used for the sampling of the rows in `K``i`, `S(i,1)` is used for the sampling interval of the columns of `K``i` (see Two-Dimensional Semi-Infinite Constraint). On the first iteration `S` is `NaN`, so that some initial sampling interval must be determined by `seminfcon`.

### Note

Because Optimization Toolbox™ functions only accept inputs of type `double`, user-supplied objective and nonlinear constraint functions must return outputs of type `double`.

Passing Extra Parameters explains how to parameterize `seminfcon`, if necessary. Example of Creating Sampling Points contains an example of both one- and two-dimensional sampling points.

`problem`

`objective`

Objective function

`x0`

Initial point for `x`
`ntheta`Number of semi-infinite constraints
`seminfcon`Semi-infinite constraint function

`Aineq`

Matrix for linear inequality constraints

`bineq`

Vector for linear inequality constraints

`Aeq`

Matrix for linear equality constraints

`beq`

Vector for linear equality constraints
`lb`Vector of lower bounds
`ub`Vector of upper bounds

`solver`

`'fseminf'`

`options`

Options created with `optimoptions`

## Output Arguments

Function Input Arguments contains general descriptions of arguments returned by `fseminf`. This section provides function-specific details for `exitflag`, `lambda`, and `output`:

 `exitflag` Integer identifying the reason the algorithm terminated. The following lists the values of `exitflag` and the corresponding reasons the algorithm terminated. `1` Function converged to a solution `x`. `4` Magnitude of the search direction was less than the specified tolerance and constraint violation was less than `options.ConstraintTolerance`. `5` Magnitude of directional derivative was less than the specified tolerance and constraint violation was less than `options.ConstraintTolerance`. `0` Number of iterations exceeded `options.MaxIterations` or number of function evaluations exceeded `options.MaxFunctionEvaluations`. `-1` Algorithm was terminated by the output function. `-2` No feasible point was found. `lambda` Structure containing the Lagrange multipliers at the solution `x` (separated by constraint type). The fields of the structure are `lower` Lower bounds `lb` `upper` Upper bounds `ub` `ineqlin` Linear inequalities `eqlin` Linear equalities `ineqnonlin` Nonlinear inequalities `eqnonlin` Nonlinear equalities `output` Structure containing information about the optimization. The fields of the structure are `iterations` Number of iterations taken `funcCount` Number of function evaluations `lssteplength` Size of line search step relative to search direction `stepsize` Final displacement in `x` `algorithm` Optimization algorithm used `constrviolation` Maximum of constraint functions `firstorderopt` Measure of first-order optimality `message` Exit message

## Options

Optimization options used by `fseminf`. Use `optimoptions` to set or change `options`. See Optimization Options Reference for detailed information.

Some options are absent from the `optimoptions` display. These options are listed in italics. For details, see View Options.

 `CheckGradients` Compare user-supplied derivatives (gradients of objective or constraints) to finite-differencing derivatives. The choices are `true` or the default `false`. `ConstraintTolerance` Termination tolerance on the constraint violation, a positive scalar. The default is `1e-6`. See Tolerances and Stopping Criteria. Diagnostics Display diagnostic information about the function to be minimized or solved. The choices are `'on'` or the default `'off'`. DiffMaxChange Maximum change in variables for finite-difference gradients (a positive scalar). The default is `Inf`. DiffMinChange Minimum change in variables for finite-difference gradients (a positive scalar). The default is `0`. `Display` Level of display (see Iterative Display): `'off'` or `'none'` displays no output.`'iter'` displays output at each iteration, and gives the default exit message.`'iter-detailed'` displays output at each iteration, and gives the technical exit message.`'notify'` displays output only if the function does not converge, and gives the default exit message.`'notify-detailed'` displays output only if the function does not converge, and gives the technical exit message.`'final'` (default) displays just the final output, and gives the default exit message.`'final-detailed'` displays just the final output, and gives the technical exit message. `FiniteDifferenceStepSize` Scalar or vector step size factor for finite differences. When you set `FiniteDifferenceStepSize` to a vector `v`, forward finite differences steps `delta` are```delta = v.*sign′(x).*max(abs(x),TypicalX);```where ```sign′(x) = sign(x)``` except `sign′(0) = 1`. Central finite differences are`delta = v.*max(abs(x),TypicalX);`Scalar `FiniteDifferenceStepSize` expands to a vector. The default is `sqrt(eps)` for forward finite differences, and `eps^(1/3)` for central finite differences. `FiniteDifferenceType` Finite differences, used to estimate gradients, are either `'forward'` (the default), or `'central'` (centered). `'central'` takes twice as many function evaluations, but should be more accurate. The algorithm is careful to obey bounds when estimating both types of finite differences. So, for example, it could take a backward, rather than a forward, difference to avoid evaluating at a point outside bounds. `FunctionTolerance` Termination tolerance on the function value, a positive scalar. The default is `1e-4`. See Tolerances and Stopping Criteria. FunValCheck Check whether objective function and constraints values are valid. `'on'` displays an error when the objective function or constraints return a value that is `complex`, `Inf`, or `NaN`. The default `'off'` displays no error. `MaxFunctionEvaluations` Maximum number of function evaluations allowed, a positive integer. The default is `100*numberOfVariables`. See Tolerances and Stopping Criteria and Iterations and Function Counts. `MaxIterations` Maximum number of iterations allowed, a positive integer. The default is `400`. See Tolerances and Stopping Criteria and Iterations and Function Counts. MaxSQPIter Maximum number of SQP iterations allowed, a positive integer. The default is ```10*max(numberOfVariables, numberOfInequalities + numberOfBounds)```. `OptimalityTolerance` Termination tolerance on the first-order optimality, a positive scalar. The default is `1e-6`. See First-Order Optimality Measure. `OutputFcn` Specify one or more user-defined functions that an optimization function calls at each iteration, either as a function handle or as a cell array of function handles. The default is none (`[]`). See Output Function. `PlotFcn` Plots various measures of progress while the algorithm executes, select from predefined plots or write your own. Pass a function handle or a cell array of function handles. The default is none (`[]`): `@optimplotx` plots the current point.`@optimplotfunccount` plots the function count.`@optimplotfval` plots the function value.`@optimplotconstrviolation` plots the maximum constraint violation.`@optimplotstepsize` plots the step size.`@optimplotfirstorderopt` plots the first-order optimality measure. For information on writing a custom plot function, see Plot Functions. RelLineSrchBnd Relative bound (a real nonnegative scalar value) on the line search step length such that the total displacement in `x` satisfies |Δx(i)| ≤ relLineSrchBnd· max(|x(i)|,|typicalx(i)|). This option provides control over the magnitude of the displacements in `x` for cases in which the solver takes steps that `fseminf` considers too large. The default is no bounds (`[]`). RelLineSrchBndDuration Number of iterations for which the bound specified in `RelLineSrchBnd` should be active (default is `1`) `SpecifyObjectiveGradient` Gradient for the objective function defined by the user. See the preceding description of `fun` to see how to define the gradient in `fun`. Set to `true` to have `fseminf` use a user-defined gradient of the objective function. The default `false` causes `fseminf` to estimate gradients using finite differences. `StepTolerance` Termination tolerance on `x`, a positive scalar. The default value is `1e-4`. See Tolerances and Stopping Criteria. TolConSQP Termination tolerance on inner iteration SQP constraint violation, a positive scalar. The default is `1e-6`. `TypicalX` Typical `x` values. The number of elements in `TypicalX` is equal to the number of elements in `x0`, the starting point. The default value is `ones(numberofvariables,1)`. `fseminf` uses `TypicalX` for scaling finite differences for gradient estimation.

## Notes

The optimization routine `fseminf` might vary the recommended sampling interval, `S`, set in `seminfcon`, during the computation because values other than the recommended interval might be more appropriate for efficiency or robustness. Also, the finite region wi, over which Ki(x,wi) is calculated, is allowed to vary during the optimization, provided that it does not result in significant changes in the number of local minima in Ki(x,wi).

## Examples

This example minimizes the function

(x – 1)2,

subject to the constraints

0 ≤ x ≤ 2
g(x, t) = (x – 1/2) – (t – 1/2)2 ≤ 0 for all 0 ≤ t ≤ 1.

The unconstrained objective function is minimized at x = 1. However, the constraint,

g(xt) ≤ 0 for all 0 ≤ t ≤ 1,

implies x ≤ 1/2. You can see this by noticing that (t – 1/2)2 ≥ 0, so

maxt g(x, t) = (x– 1/2).

Therefore

maxt g(x, t) ≤ 0 when x ≤ 1/2.

To solve this problem using `fseminf`:

1. Write the objective function as an anonymous function:

`objfun = @(x)(x-1)^2;`
2. Write the semi-infinite constraint function, which includes the nonlinear constraints ([ ] in this case), initial sampling interval for t (0 to 1 in steps of 0.01 in this case), and the semi-infinite constraint function g(xt):

```function [c, ceq, K1, s] = seminfcon(x,s) % No finite nonlinear inequality and equality constraints c = []; ceq = []; % Sample set if isnan(s) % Initial sampling interval s = [0.01 0]; end t = 0:s(1):1; % Evaluate the semi-infinite constraint K1 = (x - 0.5) - (t - 0.5).^2;```
3. Call `fseminf` with initial point 0.2, and view the result:

```x = fseminf(objfun,0.2,1,@seminfcon) Local minimum found that satisfies the constraints. Optimization completed because the objective function is non-decreasing in feasible directions, to within the default value of the function tolerance, and constraints are satisfied to within the default value of the constraint tolerance. Active inequalities (to within options.ConstraintTolerance = 1e-006): lower upper ineqlin ineqnonlin 1 x = 0.5000```

## Limitations

The function to be minimized, the constraints, and semi-infinite constraints, must be continuous functions of `x` and `w`. `fseminf` might only give local solutions.

When the problem is not feasible, `fseminf` attempts to minimize the maximum constraint value.

## Algorithms

`fseminf` uses cubic and quadratic interpolation techniques to estimate peak values in the semi-infinite constraints. The peak values are used to form a set of constraints that are supplied to an SQP method as in the `fmincon` function. When the number of constraints changes, Lagrange multipliers are reallocated to the new set of constraints.

The recommended sampling interval calculation uses the difference between the interpolated peak values and peak values appearing in the data set to estimate whether the function needs to take more or fewer points. The function also evaluates the effectiveness of the interpolation by extrapolating the curve and comparing it to other points in the curve. The recommended sampling interval is decreased when the peak values are close to constraint boundaries, i.e., zero.

For more details on the algorithm used and the types of procedures displayed under the `Procedures` heading when the `Display` option is set to `'iter'` with `optimoptions`, see also SQP Implementation. For more details on the `fseminf` algorithm, see fseminf Problem Formulation and Algorithm.