# Documentation

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# tcdf

Student's t cumulative distribution function

## Syntax

p = tcdf(x,nu)p = tcdf(x,nu,'upper')

## Description

p = tcdf(x,nu) returns the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the Student's t distribution at each of the values in x using the corresponding degrees of freedom in nu. x and nu can be vectors, matrices, or multidimensional arrays that all have the same size. A scalar input is expanded to a constant array with the same dimensions as the other inputs.

p = tcdf(x,nu,'upper') returns the complement of the Student's t cdf at each value in x, using an algorithm that more accurately computes the extreme upper tail probabilities.

## Examples

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mu = 1; % Population mean sigma = 2; % Population standard deviation n = 100; % Sample size rng default % For reproducibility x = normrnd(mu,sigma,n,1); % Random sample from population xbar = mean(x); % Sample mean s = std(x); % Sample standard deviation t = (xbar - mu)/(s/sqrt(n)) 
t = 1.0589 
p = 1-tcdf(t,n-1) % Probability of larger t-statistic 
p = 0.1461 

This probability is the same as the p value returned by a t test of the null hypothesis that the sample comes from a normal population with mean

[h,ptest] = ttest(x,mu,0.05,'right') 
h = 0 ptest = 0.1461 

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### Student's t cdf

The cumulative distribution function (cdf) of Student's t distribution is

$p=F\left(x|\nu \right)={\int }_{-\infty }^{x}\frac{\Gamma \left(\frac{\nu +1}{2}\right)}{\Gamma \left(\frac{\nu }{2}\right)}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\nu \pi }}\frac{1}{{\left(1+\frac{{t}^{2}}{\nu }\right)}^{\frac{\nu +1}{2}}}dt$

where ν is the degrees of freedom and Γ( · ) is the Gamma function. The result p is the probability that a single observation from the t distribution with ν degrees of freedom will fall in the interval [–∞, x].