amd - Approximate minimum degree permutation

Syntax

Description

P = amd(A) returns the approximate minimum degree permutation vector for the sparse matrix C = A + A'. The Cholesky factorization of C(P,P) or A(P,P) tends to be sparser than that of C or A. The amd function tends to be faster than symamd, and also tends to return better orderings than symamd. Matrix A must be square. If A is a full matrix, then amd(A) is equivalent to amd(sparse(A)).

P = amd(A,opts) allows additional options for the reordering. The opts input is a structure with the two fields shown below. You only need to set the fields of interest:

• dense — A nonnegative scalar value that indicates what is considered to be dense. If A is n-by-n, then rows and columns with more than max(16,(dense*sqrt(n))) entries in A + A' are considered to be "dense" and are ignored during the ordering. MATLAB software places these rows and columns last in the output permutation. The default value for this field is 10.0 if this option is not present.

• aggressive — A scalar value controlling aggressive absorption. If this field is set to a nonzero value, then aggressive absorption is performed. This is the default if this option is not present.

MATLAB software performs an assembly tree post-ordering, which is typically the same as an elimination tree post-ordering. It is not always identical because of the approximate degree update used, and because "dense" rows and columns do not take part in the post-order. It well-suited for a subsequent chol operation, however, If you require a precise elimination tree post-ordering, you can use the following code:

P = amd(S);
C = spones(S)+spones(S'); % Skip this line if S is already symmetric
[ignore, Q] = etree(C(P,P));
P = P(Q);

Examples

This example constructs a sparse matrix and computes a two Cholesky factors: one of the original matrix and one of the original matrix preordered by amd. Note how much sparser the Cholesky factor of the preordered matrix is compared to the factor of the matrix in its natural ordering:

A = gallery('wathen',50,50);
p = amd(A);
L = chol(A,'lower');
Lp = chol(A(p,p),'lower');

figure;
subplot(2,2,1);    spy(A);
title('Sparsity structure of A');

subplot(2,2,2); spy(A(p,p));
title('Sparsity structure of AMD ordered A');

subplot(2,2,3); spy(L);
title('Sparsity structure of Cholesky factor of A');

subplot(2,2,4); spy(Lp);
title('Sparsity structure of Cholesky factor of AMD ordered A');

set(gcf,'Position',[100 100 800 700]);

See Also

Arithmetic Operator / | colamd | colperm | symamd | symrcm

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