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| R2012a Documentation → Symbolic Math Toolbox | |
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plot::Bars2d([[a1, a2, ...], [b1, b2, ...], ...]) generates a bar chart with bar heights a1, b1, ..., a2, b2, ....
Calls:
plot::Bars2d([[a1, a2, ...], [b1, b2, ...], ...], <a = amin .. amax>, Options)
plot::Bars2d([a1, a2, ...], <a = amin .. amax>, Options)
Parameters:
|
a1, a2, ..., b1, b2, ..., ...: |
real-valued expressions, possibly in the animation parameter. |
Related Domains:
plot::Bars3d, plot::Histogram2d, plot::Scatterplot
Related Functions:
Details:
plot::Bars2d([a1, a2, ...]) creates a bar chart with bars of height a1, a2, …
With plot::Bars2d([[a1,a2,...], [b1,b2,...], ...]), bars are plotted in the order a1, b1, …, a gap, a2, b2, … Cf. example 2.
The horizontal positions and the widths of the bars may be controlled by the attributes BarCenters and BarWidths, respectively.
The attribute GroupStyle provides grouping options.
Example 1
Given a single list of values, plot::Bars2d plots bars of the corresponding height, filled solidly in one color:
plot(plot::Bars2d([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
Example 2
When asked to plot a list of lists of values, plot::Bars2d will group the first entries of all lists, the second entries and so on, with a small gap between the groups:
plot(plot::Bars2d([[ 5, 10, 24, -3],
[ 6, 5, 2, 18],
[19, 45, 12,-10]]))
Example 3
The appearance of the plots can be controlled with a number of attributes. For example, Colors accepts a list of colors for the bars and Shadows switches on “shadows,” giving a slight impression of depth:
plot(plot::Bars2d([[ 5, 10, 24, -3],
[ 6, 5, 2, 18],
[19, 45, 12, -10]],
Colors = [RGB::Red, RGB::Green, RGB::Blue],
Shadows = TRUE))
Using DrawMode, plot::Bars2d can be made to draw horizontal bars instead of vertical ones:
plot(plot::Bars2d([[ .5, 1.0, 2.4, -.3],
[ .6, .5, .2, 1.8],
[1.9, 4.5, 1.2, -1.0]],
Colors = [RGB::Red,RGB::Green,RGB::Blue],
Shadows = TRUE, DrawMode = Horizontal))
BarStyle is used to plot points or lines instead of rectangles:
plot(plot::Bars2d([[ 5, 10, 24, -3],
[ 6, 5, 2, 18],
[19, 45, 12, -10]], BarStyle = Lines))
Example 4
We demonstrate alternative grouping styles:
plot(plot::Bars2d([[ 5, 10, 15, 20],
[ 6, 5, 4, 3],
[10, 5, 3, 1]], GroupStyle = MultipleBars))
plot(plot::Bars2d([[ 5, 10, 15, 20],
[ 6, 5, 4, 3],
[10, 5, 3, 1]], GroupStyle = SingleBars))
Example 5
To plot a single group of data with different colors, they must be placed in individual lists:
plot(plot::Bars2d([[binomial(15,i)] $ i = 0..15],
Colors = [[1-j/15, j/15, 0.9] $ j = 0..15]),
XAxisVisible)
Example 6
plot::Bars2d accepts input in form of lists (as above), as a matrix, or as a one- or two-dimensional array:
L := [ [2, 1, 2, 4, 5],
[1, 2, 3, 2, 1],
[2, -1, -3, 1, 2],
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1],
[2, 1, 2, 1, 2]]:
M := matrix(L):
A :=array(1..5, 1..5,
(1,1) = 2, (1,2) = 1, (1,3) = 2, (1,4) = 4, (1,5) = 5,
(2,1) = 1, (2,2) = 2, (2,3) = 3, (2,4) = 2, (2,5) = 1,
(3,1) = 2, (3,2) = 1, (3,3) = -3, (3,4) = 1, (3,5) = 2,
(4,1) = 5, (4,2) = 4, (4,3) = 3, (4,4) = 2, (4,5) = 1,
(5,1) = 2, (5,2) = 1, (5,3) = 2, (5,4) = 1, (5,5) = 2):
plot(plot::Bars2d(L))
plot(plot::Bars2d(M))
plot(plot::Bars2d(A))
Example 7
Here is a real life example of a bar plot taken from a German magazine. It visualizes data related to waste management. We reproduce the plot via MuPAD®. The main ingredient is a bar plot generated via plot::Bars2d with the option GroupStyle = SingleBars. Generating the annotations is somewhat tricky:
data := [[25 , 24.6, 30.8 ],
[ 2 , 2.8, 11 ],
[ 7.1, 3.3, 4.05]]:
sw := 1.5:
bw := 2.0:
n := nops(data):
w := sw + bw:
myticks := [(i-1)* w + sw + bw/2 $ i = 1..n]:
m := nops(data[1]):
datalabels := ["Prognos", "LAGA", "BDE"]:
// cumulative data for the groups
datasums := _concat(datalabels[i].": ".
expr2text(_plus(data[j][i]$j=1..m)).
" Mio. t " $i=1..n):
// generate a list of text objects containing the data values
// and place them in the centers of the bars:
datatext := []:
for i from 1 to n do
h := 0;
for j from 1 to m do
d := data[j][i];
datatext := datatext, plot::Text2d(expr2text(d),
[myticks[i], h + d/2],
TextFont = [8, RGB::White],
VerticalAlignment = Center,
HorizontalAlignment = Center);
h := h + d
end
end:
Here is the bar plot with the annotations. Many scene options are used to fine tune the graphics:
S1:=plot::Scene2d(
plot::Bars2d(data,
Colors=[RGB::LimeGreen, RGB::Blue, RGB::Red],
GroupStyle = SingleBars,
BarCenters = [myticks[i] $ i=1..n],
BarWidths = [[bw]],
DrawMode = Vertical),
// scene options:
ViewingBox = [0 .. w*n + sw, 0 .. 50],
// options for the grid
XGridVisible = FALSE,
YGridVisible = TRUE,
XSubgridVisible = FALSE,
YSubgridVisible = TRUE,
GridLineColor = RGB::DarkGrey,
SubgridLineColor = RGB::DarkGrey,
// options for the axes
Axes = Boxed,
AxesTips = FALSE,
AxesInFront = TRUE,
AxesTitleFont = ["Arial", 12, Bold],
XAxisVisible = TRUE,
YAxisTitleOrientation = Vertical,
YAxisTitleAlignment = Center,
YAxisTitle = "Mio. t",
XAxisTitle = "",
// options for the ticks along the axes
TicksLabelFont = ["Arial", 10],
XTicksVisible = FALSE,
XTicksNumber = None,
XTicksAt = [myticks[i] = datalabels[i] $ i=1..n],
// layout
RightMargin = 50,
// annotation
datatext,
// header and footer
Header = "Kapazitäten in Mio. t",
HeaderFont = ["Arial", 12, Bold],
Footer = "\n\nBerücksichtigte Abfallmengen:\n".datasums,
FooterFont = ["Arial", 8],
FooterAlignment = Left,
// use a yellowish background
BackgroundColor = [0.886275, 0.870588, 0.294118]
):
plot(S1)
Next, we build a legend made of colored rectangles and text objects:
S2 := plot::Scene2d(
ViewingBox = [0..20, 0..50],
Axes = None,
plot::Rectangle(13..13.5, 35..36,
Filled = TRUE,
FillPattern = Solid,
FillColor = RGB::Red,
LineColor = RGB::Black),
plot::Text2d("fehlende Kapazitäten\n(Entsorgungslücke)", [14, 35],
HorizontalAlignment = Left,
TextFont = ["Arial", 8]),
plot::Rectangle(13..13.5, 29..30,
Filled = TRUE,
FillPattern = Solid,
FillColor = RGB::Blue,
LineColor = RGB::Black),
plot::Text2d("geplante und potentielle\nKapazitäten", [14, 29],
HorizontalAlignment = Left, TextFont = ["Arial", 8]),
plot::Rectangle(13..13.5, 23..24,
Filled = TRUE,
FillPattern = Solid,
FillColor = RGB::Green,
LineColor = RGB::Black),
plot::Text2d("sichere Kapazitäten", [14, 23],
HorizontalAlignment = Left,
TextFont = ["Arial", 8])
):
plot(S2, BorderWidth = 0.2)
The final picture consists of the bar plot S1 and the legend S2. We just put S2 on top of S1, making the background of S2 transparent:
S1::Width := 1: S1::Height := 1:
S2::Width := 1: S2::Height := 1:
S1::Bottom := 0: S1::Left := 0:
S2::Bottom := 0: S2::Left := 0:
S1::BackgroundTransparent := FALSE:
S2::BackgroundTransparent := TRUE:
plot(S1, S2, Layout = Relative)
delete data, datalabels, datasums, datatext, myticks,
sw, bw, n, m, w, i, h, j, d, S1, S2:
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