i have a problem in arabic handwritting recognition, no error from the codes but the outputs are wrong. what possibly the cause of it?

the app goal is to recognize what letters that an image arabic word contains. the input is an image of arabic handwritting, it contains 3 arabic letters. the system will divide the image to 3 parts. the first letter, the middle letter, and the last letter of the word on the input image. the system will convert that 3 cropped images into binary template then it will do recognition what letter it is by comparing the cropped images to 3 different databases that contain arabic image templates(the first letter will be compared to a template database for first arabic letters, the middle will be compared to a template database for middle arabic letters, the last letter compared to a template database for last arabic letters). the output will be displayed on a text box as alphabet letters, not arabic letters (the output will be like: ta not ت). the problem is the output is totally wrong, like it should be ta but the system output will be other letter. no error in the codes by the way. FYI: an arabic letter will be shaped differently based on where it placed on an arabic word. sorry for my terrible english.

[John D'Errico]

What could possibly be the cause?

The crystal ball is sooooo foggy today. But I think it is either telling me that you are going to come into a large sum of money in the near future, OR that you have a bug in your code. I'm not sure which.

Seriously, how in the name of god and little green apples can we know what can possibly be the cause of a problem where we see no code, not even any hint of what you did? For example, suppose I gave you a complete description of the city of San Diego. Then I said ONLY that I decided to go there, but I did not get to San Diego? What could have gone wrong? Well, the plane could have crashed. My car could have run out of gas. I might have gotten the wrong directions. I might have overslept, and missed my train.

[Glenn]

ah fair enough. here is the codes for recognition process sir:

function btn_proses_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
%first letter recognition
global runtimeproses1;
runtimeproses1=cputime;
 imgbaca = getimage(handles.axes1);
 word=[ ];
 re=imgbaca;
 runtimeproses1=cputime;

% Load templates
load templates
global templates

%Compute the number of letters in template file
num_letras=size(templates,2);
while 1
    %Fcn 'lines' separate lines in text
    [fl re]=lines(re);
    imgnt=fl;

    % Label and count connected components
    [L Ne] = bwlabel(imgnt);    
    for n=1:Ne
        [r,c] = find(L==n);

        % Extract letter
        n1=imgnt(min(r):max(r),min(c):max(c));  
        % Resize letter (same size of template)
        img_r=imresize(n1,[42 24]);

        % Call fcn to convert image to text
        letter=baca(img_r,num_letras);
        % Letter concatenation
        word=[letter];

    end

    set(handles.hasilbaca1,'string',word); 
     runtimeproses1=cputime-runtimeproses1;
        set(handles.runtime,'String',runtimeproses1);

       %*When the sentences finish, breaks the loop
    if isempty(re)  %See variable 're' in Fcn 'lines'
        break
    end 
  end

%for middle letter
global runtimeproses2;
runtimeproses2=cputime;
imgbaca2 = getimage(handles.axes_tengah);
 word=[ ];
 re2=imgbaca2;

% Load templates
load templates_tengah
 global templates_tengah

% Compute the number of letters in template file
num_letras=size(templates_tengah,2);
while 1
  %Fcn 'lines' separate lines in text
  [fl re2]=lines(re2);
  imgnt=fl;

    % Label and count connected components
    [L Ne] = bwlabel(imgnt);    
    for n=1:Ne
        [r,c] = find(L==n);

        % Extract letter
        n1=imgnt(min(r):max(r),min(c):max(c));  
        % Resize letter (same size of template)
        img_r=imresize(n1,[42 24]);

        % Call fcn to convert image to text
        letter=baca_tengah(img_r,num_letras);
        set(handles.hasilbaca2,'string',letter); 
        % Letter concatenation
        word=[word letter];

    end

     runtimeproses2=cputime-runtimeproses2;
     set(handles.runtime2,'String',runtimeproses2); %displaying runtime on a textbox

       %*When the sentences finish, breaks the loop
    if isempty(re)  %See variable 're' in Fcn 'lines'
        break
    end    
  end

%for the last letter
global runtimeproses3;
runtimeproses3=cputime;
imgbaca3 = getimage(handles.axes_akhir);
 word=[ ];
 re3=imgbaca3;

% Load templates
global templates_akhir
load templates_akhir

% Compute the number of letters in template file
num_letras=size(templates_akhir,2);
while 1

    %Fcn 'lines' separate lines in text
    [fl re3]=lines(re3);
    imgna=fl;

    % Label and count connected components
    [L Ne] = bwlabel(imgna);    
    for n=1:Ne
        [r,c] = find(L==n);
        % Extract letter
        n1=imgna(min(r):max(r),min(c):max(c));

        % Resize letter (same size of template)
        img_r=imresize(n1,[42 24]);

        % Call fcn to convert image to text
        letter=baca_akhir(img_r,num_letras);
        % Letter concatenation
        word=[word letter];

    end
    set(handles.hasilbaca3,'string',word);
    word=[ ];
     runtimeproses3=cputime-runtimeproses3;
        set(handles.runtime3,'String',runtimeproses3);

       %*When the sentences finish, breaks the loop
    if isempty(re)  %See variable 're' in Fcn 'lines'
        break
    end    
  end

[Glenn]

here is the codes for creating template database:

function [ y ] = template( x )

 alif=imread('awal\alif.bmp'); 
ba=imread('awal\ba.bmp');
ta=imread('awal\ta.bmp');
tsa=imread('awal\tsa.bmp');
jim=imread('awal\jim.bmp');
ha=imread('awal\ha.bmp');
kho=imread('awal\kho.bmp');
dal=imread('awal\dal.bmp');
dzal=imread('awal\dzal.bmp');
rha=imread('awal\rha.bmp');
za=imread('awal\za.bmp');
shin=imread('awal\shin.bmp');
sha=imread('awal\sha.bmp');
sod=imread('awal\sod.bmp');
dot=imread('awal\dot.bmp');
to=imread('awal\to.bmp');
zho=imread('awal\zho.bmp');
ain=imread('awal\ain.bmp');
ghoin=imread('awal\ghoin.bmp');
fa=imread('awal\fa.bmp');
qof=imread('awal\qof.bmp');
kaf=imread('awal\kaf.bmp');
lam=imread('awal\lam.bmp');
mim=imread('awal\mim.bmp');
nun=imread('awal\nun.bmp');
Haa =imread('awal\Haa.bmp');
ya=imread('awal\ya.bmp');
waw=imread('awal\waw.bmp');

letter=[alif ba ta tsa jim ha kho dal dzal rha za shin sha sod dot ...
  to zho ain ghoin fa qof kaf lam mim nun Haa ya waw]

character=[letter];

% inve= invert(uint8(letter));
templates=mat2cell(character,42,[24 24 24 24 24 24 24 ...
  24 24 24 24 24 24 24 ...
  24 24 24 24 24 24 24 ...
  24 24 24 24 24 24 24]);
% p = uint8(letter);

save ('templates','templates')

 end

[Glenn]

this one for comparing the cropped image to template database:

 function letter=baca(imgn,num_letras, sem)
 load templates 
 imgn=imresize(imgn,[42 24]);
comp=[ ];

    for n=1:(length(templates)-1) 
        sem=corr2(templates{1,n},imgn); 
        comp=[comp sem];
    end
    vd=find(comp==max(comp)); 

    if vd==1
        letter='alif';
    elseif vd==2
        letter='ba';
    elseif vd==3
        letter='ta';
    elseif vd==4
        letter='tsa';
    elseif vd==5
        letter='jim';
    elseif vd==6
        letter='ha';
    elseif vd==7
        letter='kho';
    elseif vd==8
        letter='dal';
    elseif vd==9
        letter='dzal';
    elseif vd==10
        letter='rha';
    elseif vd==11
        letter='za';
    elseif vd==12
        letter='shin';
    elseif vd==13
        letter='sha';
    elseif vd==14
        letter='dot';
    elseif vd==15
        letter='to';
    elseif vd==16
        letter='zho';
    elseif vd==17
        letter='ain';
    elseif vd==18
        letter='ghoin';
    elseif vd==19
        letter='fa';
    elseif vd==20
        letter='qof';
    elseif vd==21
        letter='kaf';
    elseif vd==22
        letter='lam';
    elseif vd==23
        letter='mim';
    elseif vd==24
        letter='nun';
    elseif vd==25
        letter='Haa';
    elseif vd==26
        letter='ya';
    elseif vd==28 
        letter='waw';
    else vd>= 29
        letter = 'tak terbaca';
    end
end

Answer 1

[Jan]

We have to clarify how assistence is possible. Did you read https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/6200-tutorial-how-to-ask-a-question-on-answers-and-get-a-fast-answer already?

We cannot run your code, because it is provided in 3 pieces and the main procedure is a callback of a GUI, we do not have. In addition we do not have the input data, neither the image nor the training data.

Understanding the code without running it is really hard, because it is large. An experienced programmer would not spend 30 or 180 minutes to try to understand code, when he knows, that somebody else can do this in minutes with the debugger, if he has 1. the complete code and 2. the data.

This forum is not the official support of MathWorks, and voluntary helpers do not spend (more than) half an hour to understand a problem. If the problem is clear in minutes, it happens that users spend hours to find the best solution. But when it is not clear, the chance is high that the time is wasted.

The best strategy to solve your problem based on the currently given information is to suggest you to use the debugger. See some break points in the code and step through the program line by line. Examine the values in the command window or WorkSpace-browser. I do not see a way how the forum can support you here.

If you narrow down the problem to less than 50 lines of code, present this code with inputs, such that we can run it by copy&paste, further assistence is likely.

[Glenn]

great, thank you sir.

Answer 2

[Image Analyst]

My crystal ball is a little better than John's - I just got it back from being polished at the Mathworks. It tells me that the path to a solution lies here and here.

John, make another attempt to go to San Diego. It's an awesome city - my favorite in the whole world - and scientifically proven (by Syracuse University) to have the most uniform temperature of any city. If you like the four seasons, it's still got them, but instead of spring, summer, fall, and winter, they're called beautiful, fantastic, incredible, and paradise.

[Image Analyst]

Not sure anyone will respond to you now.

[Glenn]

ok sorry sir, but im not come here to read a joke. thanks for the kind response.

[Jan]

@Alfio Rezika: I do understand. Sometimes answers are wrong, funny, confusing or in an unexpected level. But as long as they are written voluntarily by people, who like to spend their sparetime and energy to assist others in solving their problems, you cannot blame the authors. You just got something for free, which you do not find useful.

The crystal ball metapher is used, when a question does not contain enough information to be solved. This is obvious on first sight for experienced and high skilled programmers like Image Analyst and John D'Errico. They see directly, that answering the question would require magic super powers, and I admit that it is hard for me to imagine, that you cannot see this. But this is a known effect: Not able to see the wood due to the many trees.

@Image Analyst: +1. In fact, the debugger is the best, and only possible next step to solve the problem.

[Walter Roberson]

Alfio Rezika,

If you want something with no risk of jokes, then you can pay a consultant, and put "Absolutely No Humour Permitted!!" in your contract.

[Glenn]

yeah, my fault. i will try to laugh at the joke and wont take it personally next time sir. thank you for the advices.

[John D'Errico]

I did make it to San Diego once. 'Twas darn pretty. I've gotta admit I love the Northeast though. Lush trees keep the deck in dappled shade much of the day. Sun sparkling off the water like tiny diamonds. Ok, 3 feet of snow at a time can be a damper some days. :)