how to solve the error by using arithenco in the code?

clc;
clear all;
close all;

% define constants
BITPLANE_NUMBER = 4; %4 % specifies the bitplane number to embedd watermark
ERROR_NUM = 16; %16 % prevents this gray value from being used in embedding
WM_SIZE = 300;
% select the bitplane number and then the corresponding error num from the
% table below
% BITPLANE_NUMBER = [1     2   3   4  5  6  7  8]
% ERROR_NUM       = [128  64  32  16  8  4  2  1]
disp('------------------------ Embedding -------------------------------');

% read image and convert to gray scale if necessary
originalImage = imresize(imread('u1.jpg'),[512 512],'bicubic');
if (isrgb(originalImage))
    originalImage = rgb2gray(originalImage);
end

% STEP 1: perform necessary preprocessing
%[valCount,X] = imhist(originalImage);

% STEP 2: perfom wavelet decomposition
LS = liftwave('cdf2.2','Int2Int');
[CA,CH,CV,CD] = lwt2(double(originalImage),LS);

% STEP 3: construct binary images from 5th bit of CH, CV and CD
for i=1:size(CH,1)
    for j=1:size(CH,2)
        % for constructing binary image using CH
        binSeq = dec2bin(abs(CH(i,j)),8);
        if binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) == '1'
            bICH5(i,j) = 2;
        else
            bICH5(i,j) = 1;
        end
        % for constructing binary image using CV
        binSeq = dec2bin(abs(CV(i,j)),8);
        if binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) == '1'
            bICV5(i,j) = 2;
        else
            bICV5(i,j) = 1;
        end
        % for constructing binary image using CD
        binSeq = dec2bin(abs(CD(i,j)),8);
        if binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) == '1'
            bICD5(i,j) = 2;
        else
            bICD5(i,j) = 1;
        end        
    end
end

% STEP 4a: Compress data in 5th Bit plane of CH
% find how many times 1 occurs in the level 5 binary bICH5 (horizontal)
[xx,yy,val] = find(bICH5 == 1);
totalVals = size(CH,1)*size(CH,2);

% code the sequence using arithmetic coding
count1 = [round((size(xx,1)/totalVals)*100) round(((totalVals - size(xx,1))/totalVals) * 100)];
seq1 = reshape(bICH5,1,size(CH,1)*size(CH,2));
arcCH5 = arithenco(seq1,count1); // error in this line
str = sprintf('Original CH Bits Length = %d ------ Compressed CH Bits Length = %d',size(seq1,2),size(arcCH5,2));
disp(str);

% STEP 4b: Compress data in 5th Bit plane of CV
% find how many times 1 occurs in the level 5 binary bICV5 (vertical)
[xx,yy,val] = find(bICV5 == 1);
totalVals = size(CV,1)*size(CV,2);

% code the sequence using arithmetic coding
count2 = [round((size(xx,1)/totalVals)*100) round(((totalVals - size(xx,1))/totalVals) * 100)];
seq2 = reshape(bICV5,1,size(CV,1)*size(CV,2));
arcCV5 = arithenco(seq2,count2); 
str = sprintf('Original CV Bits Length = %d ------ Compressed CV Bits Length = %d',size(seq2,2),size(arcCV5,2));
disp(str);

% STEP 4c: Compress data in 5th Bit plane of CD
% find how many times 1 occurs in the level 5 binary bICD5 (diagonal)
[xx,yy,val] = find(bICD5 == 1);
totalVals = size(CD,1)*size(CD,2);

% code the sequence using arithmetic coding
count3 = [round((size(xx,1)/totalVals)*100) round(((totalVals - size(xx,1))/totalVals) * 100)];
seq3 = reshape(bICD5,1,size(CD,1)*size(CD,2));
arcCD5 = arithenco(seq3,count3); 
str = sprintf('Original CD Bits Length = %d ------ Compressed CD Bits Length = %d',size(seq3,2),size(arcCD5,2));
disp(str);

% STEP 5: read the watermark and reshape it for insertion
watermark = imresize(rgb2gray(imread('cameraman.tif')),[WM_SIZE WM_SIZE],'bicubic');
%watermark = imresize(DMlcd5,[WM_SIZE WM_SIZE],'bicubic');
watermark = im2bw(watermark);
%figure,imshow(watermark,[]),title('Watermark');
watermark = reshape(watermark,1,WM_SIZE*WM_SIZE);

% STEP 6: Insert the watermark and compressed data into the image
% compute length of data to insert
dataLength = size(watermark,2) + size(arcCH5,2) + size(arcCV5,2) + size(arcCD5,2) + 6*8 + 4*16;%(2*8)*3;
available = size(CH,1)*size(CH,2) + size(CV,1)*size(CV,2) + size(CD,1)*size(CD,2);

if available < dataLength
    disp('Data to Embedd must be less than available limit.');
end

% allocate memory and initialize
embedData = zeros(1,dataLength); 
% insert the header information
str1 = dec2bin(count1(1,1),8); str2 = dec2bin(count1(1,2),8);
header = strcat(str1,str2);
str1 = dec2bin(count2(1,1),8); str2 = dec2bin(count2(1,2),8);
header = strcat(header,str1,str2);
str1 = dec2bin(count3(1,1),8); str2 = dec2bin(count3(1,2),8);
header = strcat(header,str1,str2);
% insert length of each sequence for decoding
str1 = dec2bin(size(arcCH5,2),16); str2 = dec2bin(size(arcCV5,2),16); 
str3 = dec2bin(size(arcCD5,2),16); str4 = dec2bin(size(watermark,2),32);
header = strcat(header,str1,str2,str3,str4);

for i=1:size(header,2)
    if header(1,i) == '1'
        embedData(1,i) = 1;
    else
        embedData(1,i) = 0;        
    end
end
% get the header length
HL = size(header,2);
% concatenate data to get a single compressed data vector
embedData(1,HL+1:HL+size(arcCH5,2)) = arcCH5(1,:);
embedData(1,HL+size(arcCH5,2)+1:(HL+size(arcCH5,2) + size(arcCV5,2))) = arcCV5(1,:);
embedData(1,HL+size(arcCH5,2)+ size(arcCV5,2)+1:(HL + size(arcCH5,2) + size(arcCV5,2) + size(arcCD5,2))) = arcCD5(1,:);
embedData(1,HL+size(arcCH5,2)+ size(arcCV5,2)+size(arcCD5,2)+1:(HL+size(arcCH5,2) + size(arcCV5,2) + size(arcCD5,2)+ size(watermark,2))) = watermark(1,:);
originalBitsLength = HL + size(arcCH5,2)+ size(arcCV5,2)+size(arcCD5,2);

% embedd compressed data, watermark and header information
index = 1; % counter for obtaining 8 bit chunks
brk = 0;
for x=1:size(CH,1)
    for y=1:size(CH,2)
        if CH(x,y) ~= -ERROR_NUM
            neg = 0;
            if CH(x,y) < 0
                neg = 1;
            end
            binSeq = dec2bin(abs(CH(x,y)),8);
            if embedData(1,index) == 1
                binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) = '1';
            else
                binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) = '0';
            end
            num = bin2dec(binSeq);
            if neg == 1
                CH(x,y) = num * -1;
            else
                CH(x,y) = num;
            end

              % break the loop if all watermark bits are embedded
               if index < size(embedData,2)
                  index = index + 1;
               else
                   brk = 1; break;
               end
          end
      end
      if brk == 1
          break;
      end
  end

if index < size(embedData,2)
    for x=1:size(CV,1)
        for y=1:size(CV,2)
            if CV(x,y) ~= -ERROR_NUM            
                neg = 0;
                if CV(x,y) < 0
                    neg = 1;
                end
                binSeq = dec2bin(abs(CV(x,y)),8);
                if embedData(1,index) == 1
                    binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) = '1';
                else
                    binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) = '0';
                end
                num = bin2dec(binSeq);
                if neg == 1
                    CV(x,y) = num * -1;
                else
                    CV(x,y) = num;
                end

                  % break the loop if all watermark bits are embedded
                   if index < size(embedData,2)
                     index = index + 1;
                   else
                       brk = 1; break;
                   end
              end
          end
          if brk == 1
              break;
          end
      end
   end

if index < size(embedData,2)
    for x=1:size(CD,1)
        for y=1:size(CD,2)
            if CD(x,y) ~= -ERROR_NUM                        
                neg = 0;
                if CD(x,y) < 0
                    neg = 1;
                end
                binSeq = dec2bin(abs(CD(x,y)),8);
                if embedData(1,index) == 1
                    binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) = '1';
                else
                    binSeq(BITPLANE_NUMBER) = '0';
                end
                num = bin2dec(binSeq);
                if neg == 1
                    CD(x,y) = num * -1;
                else
                    CD(x,y) = num;
                end

                  % break the loop if all watermark bits are embedded
                  if index < size(embedData,2)
                      index = index + 1;
                   else
                       brk = 1; break;
                  end
              end
          end
          if brk == 1
              break;
          end
      end
   end

% compute inverse integer wavelet transform
watermarkedImage = ilwt2(CA,CH,CV,CD,LS);
% [tx,ty,tval] = find(watermarkedImage > 256);
% if ~isempty(tx)
%     disp('Watermarked Image values greater than 256');
% end
% [tx,ty,tval] = find(watermarkedImage <= 0);
% if ~isempty(tx)
%     disp('Watermarked Image values less than equal to 0');
% end

imwrite(uint8(watermarkedImage),'Watermarked Image.bmp','bmp');

str = sprintf('Payload(bpp) = %f -- Embedded Data(Header+Original Bits+Watermark) = %d bits -- Watermark Length = %d bits',(dataLength-originalBitsLength)/(4*(size(CH,1)*size(CH,1))),dataLength+HL,size(watermark,2));
disp(str);

[PSNR_OUT,Z] = psnr(originalImage,watermarkedImage);
str = sprintf('PSNR = %f',PSNR_OUT);
disp(str);

figure,imshow(originalImage,[]),title('Original Image');
figure,imshow(watermarkedImage,[]),title('Watermarked Image');

save WatermarkInfo watermarkedImage watermark BITPLANE_NUMBER WM_SIZE ERROR_NUM originalImage;

% WMI = imread('Watermarked Image.bmp');
% difference = double(watermarkedImage) - double(WMI);
% figure,imshow(difference,[]),title('Difference Image');

i have some error in this code by using arithenco, so please give the idea how to solve this error in this code. here, i get this output after execution of program.....

------------------------ Embedding -------------------------------

Warning: isrgb is obsolete and may be removed in the future. See product release notes for more information. > In isrgb at 29 In emb at 18 ??? Error using ==> arithenco at 36 The symbol counts parameter must be a vector of positive finite integers.

Error in ==> emb at 64 arcCH5 = arithenco(seq1,count1);

Answer 1

[Walter Roberson]

At the command prompt, give the command

dbstop if error

and run the program. When the program stops in the debugger, test

any(seq1 < 1)

and

any(mod(seq1, 1) ~= 0)

and

any(~isfinite(seq1))

If any of those shows up true (1) then you have values in there that are not "positive finite integers"

My speculation is that you will encounter some 0's in the array.

Answer 2

[Janki Jasani]

I got false for all three conditions. But now how should I correct my code to run it properly? Can anybody please help me to run arithenco function..thnk u so much in advance..