There are two things which are relevant in this case XTICK and XTICKLABEL. Depending on how many XTICK you have on screen, than many XTICKLABELS will be displayed. So in order to display 15 XTICKLABELS, you need to have 15 XTICKS defined before using the XTickLabel for displaying ticks in the plot. Find the below sample code in relation to the same.
datay=randn(1,15);
datax=datay;
bar(datax,datay);
set(gca,'XTickLabel',{'JFM','FMA','MAM','AMJ','MJJ','JJA','JAS','ASO','SON','OND','NDJ','DJF','JFM','FMA','MAM'})
xTick=get(gca,'xtick');
xMax=max(xtick);
xMin=min(xtick);
newXTick=linspace(xMin,xMax,15);
set(gca,'xtick',1:15);