Thread Subject: cognitive radio

hello
i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
me in doing my project...
thank u in advance
nancy

"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message
<g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
> i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any
codes
> or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could
u
> please send me some too...it would be the greatest help
for
> me in doing my project...
> thank u in advance
> nancy
 
hi nancy,

I am developing an University project about CR. I know
OSSIE (http://ossie.wireless.vt.edu/trac/wiki), but I don't
know if it can help you. Did you find any interesting
source code about CR?

hi Guido
thank you so much for the reply. i looked at the link you
gave but found nothing related to spectrum sensing :( . i
have not got any code related to it yet :(. however i am now
trying to simulate the energy detection technique using
MATLAB. it is still not finished coz i'm new to MATLAB and
having problem with coding. i am stuck with the probability
of false alarm.actually i'm trying to follow the IEEE paper
"Secure cooperative sensing techniques for cognitive radio
systems" by Bhargava et. al. i would be grateful if any
MATLAB code regarding the sensing technique is given.
thanx a lot....
nancy

"Guido Gioberto" <likkho@libero.it> wrote in message
<g8fk7i$cto$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message
> <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > hello
> > i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> > radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any
> codes
> > or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> > start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could
> u
> > please send me some too...it would be the greatest help
> for
> > me in doing my project...
> > thank u in advance
> > nancy
>
> hi nancy,
>
> I am developing an University project about CR. I know
> OSSIE (http://ossie.wireless.vt.edu/trac/wiki), but I don't
> know if it can help you. Did you find any interesting
> source code about CR?
>

hello

as i posted the spectrum sensing problem earlier i wanted to
know about the probability of false alarm. i worked out for
the probability of detection and got the curve as given by
the paper of Bhargava et. al. i calculated the probability
of detection by first finding the individual detection using
energy detection and then dividing the number of times the
detection is produced with the number of iteration. now i
want to find the probability of false alarm but am not
getting any idea to implement it in matlab. anybody has any
idea to calculate the probability of false alarm. please
help me...
thank u

Hi Dear i hv false alarm code in matlab.....u cn get it from me by mailing on razi_sial@hotmail.com.........i also need little bit help from u about cognitive radios spectrum sensing..

"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g9r22h$h0g$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
> I also do the research about cognitive radio.
> as i posted the spectrum sensing problem earlier i wanted to
> know about the probability of false alarm. i worked out for
> the probability of detection and got the curve as given by
> the paper of Bhargava et. al. i calculated the probability
> of detection by first finding the individual detection using
> energy detection and then dividing the number of times the
> detection is produced with the number of iteration. now i
> want to find the probability of false alarm but am not
> getting any idea to implement it in matlab. anybody has any
> idea to calculate the probability of false alarm. please
> help me...
> thank u

"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g9r22h$h0g$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
  I have some ploblem in simulating the spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing in cognitive. Can you sent me the associated source code, because I simulate first time. Thanks!

Need some help in simulating spectrum sensing in CR. Would you share the code with me. Thanks in advance...


"chen ximei" <sammy.cxm@gmail.com> wrote in message <gdh5uq$cmg$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g9r22h$h0g$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > hello
> I have some ploblem in simulating the spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing in cognitive. Can you sent me the associated source code, because I simulate first time. Thanks!

Hi nancy,
I am also working on Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios, and I am just begining to work in MATLAB. Can you kindly give me some code to start with. I will be extremely grateful. Thanking in advance.

Farrukh

"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
> i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
> or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
> please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
> me in doing my project...
> thank u in advance
> nancy

"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
> i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
> or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
> please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
> me in doing my project...
> thank u in advance
> nancy
hi nancy
i am doing a project on CR... i am implementing th IEEE paper "sensing throughput for cognitive radio networks".. am new to matlab and i have to find probability of detection to find throughput.. can you please send me the codes related to probability of detection and probability of false alarm.. am not able to get the proper curve..
thank you..

hi nancy
I am soyuong that attend master's course in the Korea.
i am doing a project on CR.
i am implementing the Wi-opt paper "Cooperative spectrum Sensing technique for Cognitive Radio Using Channel coding"..
I am looking for single detection code using energy detector and cooperative sensing code.
If you send to me related Matlab codes, it would be the greatest help for
me in doing my project :D
thank you..
"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
> i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
> or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
> please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
> me in doing my project...
> thank u in advance
> nancy

hi
i am doing the same work.i have to implement energy detection unsing
chi squar random variables. can anyone help me
plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz..ill be really thankfull to you ...

"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
> i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
> or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
> please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
> me in doing my project...
> thank u in advance
> nancy
Hello，
I am also working on CR,I am a freash man in the field.So I have some difficulty in simulation.Do you have some matlab code about sensing?Would you please send me some codes.I really need it very much.I am grateful to you.Thank you very much.
Mary

hi nancy am also doing project in cognitive radio if possible please give code for it

"kk muthu" <kaykay2k2@yahoo.com> wrote in message <h3jqvn$j4c$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hi nancy am also doing project in cognitive radio if possible please give code for it
Hi dear,I am working on Energy detection on spectrum sensing of cognitive radio.
Could anyone have the code also send me a copy? huialicia@msn.com
I really need it for my course project which is due in a month.
I am really bad at programming!!!!Thanks!

"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g9r22h$h0g$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
>
> as i posted the spectrum sensing problem earlier i wanted to
> know about the probability of false alarm. i worked out for
> the probability of detection and got the curve as given by
> the paper of Bhargava et. al. i calculated the probability
> of detection by first finding the individual detection using
> energy detection and then dividing the number of times the
> detection is produced with the number of iteration. now i
> want to find the probability of false alarm but am not
> getting any idea to implement it in matlab. anybody has any
> idea to calculate the probability of false alarm. please
> help me...
> thank u


Hi nancy,
I am also working on Spectrum Sensing with energy detector and false alarm probability, and I am just begining to work in MATLAB. Can you kindly give me some code to start with. I will be extremely grateful. Thanking in advance.

Brice

hi
if anyone has any codes on spectrum sensing for matlab plz send it because i cant find anything <ehabelc@hotmail.com>

Hi rizwan, I saw your post and I am doing spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. Is it possible I get the false alram code from you? I appreciate your help.

"rizwan " <razi_sial@hotmail.com> wrote in message <gd591h$jh$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> Hi Dear i hv false alarm code in matlab.....u cn get it from me by mailing on razi_sial@hotmail.com.........i also need little bit help from u about cognitive radios spectrum sensing..

Plz can you send me matlab code about Radio Cognitive?
Thanks

Hi all, can anyone send me any matlab code for cognitive radio simulation? Please help.

hello every one i am working in matlab to simulate the spectrum sensing in siso system using the energy detection technique.i wonder if anyone can help me about this?
thanks in advance .

Hello everyone,

I am doing a term project in spectrum sensing as well, probably focus on cooperative schemes, but will start with the conventional one, such as energy detection, matched filter, etc etc. If any of you have some good scripts for me to start off, would it be okay for you to share with me, please? I really appreciate it!!

Vivi

I am doing a term project in spectrum sensing as well, probably focus on cooperative schemes, but will start with the conventional one, such as energy detection, matched filter, etc etc. If any of you have some good scripts for me to start off, would it be okay for you to share with me, please? I really appreciate it!!

Vivi

"Vivi Sera" <vivi.seraphic@gmail.com> wrote in message <hrmljm$htd$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> I am doing a term project in spectrum sensing as well, probably focus on cooperative schemes, but will start with the conventional one, such as energy detection, matched filter, etc etc. If any of you have some good scripts for me to start off, would it be okay for you to share with me, please? I really appreciate it!
hai iam sesham srinu from university of hyderabad,india
%Entropy estimation of a stochastic signal for primary user detection for the matched filter case


clear all;clc;

%**************************************Input parameters**********************************************************************************
  
 b = [ 1 0 0 1 1]; % Input bit stream

N=[16 32 64];

for j=1:length(N)
snr_db=0:1:20;
g=length(snr_db);
%*************************************BPSK signal generation, Matched filtering and Sampling********************************************
for z=1:length(snr_db)
        
  [signal]=bpsk(b); %BPSK signal generation
 signal_fad=b_fad(signal); %fading
 [s_matched signal_noise noise]=match(signal_fad,snr_db(z)); % matched filtered output of Qpsk signal
  
 
%************************************Entropy anlaysis after matched filter output is sampled********************************************
  
 
 L=N(j); %No.of bins
 
 s=s_matched(1:N(j)); % N no.of samples Sampled output of matched filter
  
 x=[ ];
 x=s(1:N(j)); %block of N samples of matched filter to make decision
    
 noise=noise(1:N(j));
 
 K=4;
 sq=sum(x.^2)/N(j);
 sigma = sqrt(sum(x.^2)/N(j));
  %**********************************checking for chebyeshev inequality*******************************************************************
  count=0;
 for i=1:N(j)
      if(abs((x(i)-mean(x)))>(K*sigma))
          count=count+1;
      
        else
          count=count;
      end
 end
 
 if ((count/N(j))<= (1/(K^2)))
      
   %display('Design value of K is correct ');
     
 else
    %display('Design value of K is incorrect and try for another value');
     
 end

 % %***********************************Histogram of x**************************************************************************************
  v1=(2*K*sigma)/(L); % Width of each bin
 v=-K*sigma:v1 :K*sigma; % a vector specifying the centres of bins from where to start and stop.

 %***********************************Checking for no.of values of x fallong inside the kth bin********************************************
 
pa11=0;
 pa01=0; y1=0;e(z)=0;
for k=1:L;
       
number_samples=0;

    
               
    lk(k)=v(k)-(v1/2);
    lkplus1(k)=v(k)+(v1/2);
    
for i=1:N(j)
  if((lk(k)<x(i))& (x(i)<lkplus1(k)))
number_samples=number_samples+1;
else
 number_samples=number_samples+eps;
  end
    end
                              
nk=number_samples;

y1=y1+number_samples;
%----------------------------------------Entropy caculation------------

 if(nk~=0)
     nk=nk;
 else
   nk=nk+eps;
    
 end
    p(k) = -((nk/N(j))*log2(nk/N(j)));
  e(z)= e(z)+p(k) ; %Entropy estimate

 
 
    
  %********************************************computing pk(a)********************************************************************************
 a1=snr_db(z);
 
 a0=0;

  pk1=0;pk0=0; M=2; u(1)=1;u(2)=-1;
 for m=1:M
    h1(m)=0;h2(m)=0;h3(m)=0;h4(m)=0;
    
    h1(m)=(lk(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a1/(1+a1)))*(1+a1);
    h2(m)=(lkplus1(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a1/(1+a1)))*(1+a1);
    h3(m)=(lk(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a0/(1+a0)))*(1+a0);
    h4(m)= (lkplus1(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a0/(1+a0)))*(1+a0);
    
    
       
 pk1=pk1+[[qfunc(h1(m))]-[qfunc(h2(m))]];
 pk0=pk0+[[qfunc(h3(m))]-[qfunc(h4(m))]];
    
 end
 
  pka1= (1/M)*pk1+eps;
  pka0= (1/M)*pk0+eps;
 
 %*********************************************computing log-likelihood ratio***************************************************************

 pa11=pa11+(nk/N(j))*[log2(pka1)-log2(pka0)];
     
    
end

 le(z)=pa11;%Log-likelihood ratio of entropy
end

e1((j+(j-1)*20):j*21)=e;
le1((j+(j-1)*20):j*21)=le;
end



plot(snr_db,e1(1:21),'-b*',snr_db,e1(22:42),'-ro',snr_db,e1(43:63),'-g.');
 xlabel('SNR in db');
 ylabel('Entropy');
 title('Normal entropy');
  h2=legend('N=16 BPSK','N=32 BPSK','N=64 BPSK',1);

 figure
 plot(snr_db,le1(1:21),'-b*',snr_db,le1(22:42),'-ro',snr_db,le1(43:63),'-g.');
 xlabel('SNR in db');
 ylabel('Log-likelihood Entropy');
 title('log-likelihood entropy')
 h2=legend('N=16 BPSK','N=32 BPSK','N=64 BPSK',1);


 

"Mirage Bhatti" <farrukh59th@yahoo.com> wrote in message <gn2bul$lb2$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> Hi nancy,
> I am also working on Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios, and I am just begining to work in MATLAB. Can you kindly give me some code to start with. I will be extremely grateful. Thanking in advance.
>
> Farrukh
>
> "nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > hello
> > i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> > radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
> > or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> > start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
> > please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
> > me in doing my project...
> > thank u in advance
> > nancy
hay i already put matlab code in news group see once
iam sesham srinu from university of hyderabad.
its matched filtering

"Luca " <c41n0@live.it> wrote in message <hfj5se$3of$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> Plz can you send me matlab code about Radio Cognitive?
> Thanks
hai see the link
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/newsreader/view_thread/173978
if you want full details send me e mail

"sapna sharad" <sapna_sila@ymail.com> wrote in message <gn30gr$46a$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > hello
> > i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> > radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
> > or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> > start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
> > please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
> > me in doing my project...
> > thank u in advance
> > nancy
> hi nancy
> i am doing a project on CR... i am implementing th IEEE paper "sensing throughput for cognitive radio networks".. am new to matlab and i have to find probability of detection to find throughput.. can you please send me the codes related to probability of detection and probability of false alarm.. am not able to get the proper curve..
> thank you..


Hello, i am also working on the ieee paper "sensing throughput for cognitive radio networks"
can u plz also send me the code related to probability of detection and probability of false alarm....thanx in advance

hello everyone,
i'm a student who do the research with cognitive radio too
but I bumped into a big problem
I am a beginner with matlab
and i am doing with collision detection in CR
does anyone have some code with CR
even the spectrum sensing program may help me
Plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!thank you all

"her linda" <f4rabbit@yahoo.com.tw> wrote in message
news:i1pluu$1b8$1@fred.mathworks.com...
> hello everyone,
> i'm a student who do the research with cognitive radio too
> but I bumped into a big problem
> I am a beginner with matlab
> and i am doing with collision detection in CR
> does anyone have some code with CR
> even the spectrum sensing program may help me
> Plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!thank you all

That's not how this newsgroup generally works.

When you ask for help like this, the expectation is that you show what
YOU'VE done to try to solve the problem first. We were all (well, except
for Cleve, but he's a special case) beginners with MATLAB once -- many of us
got better :) If you show what you've tried and ask a SPECIFIC question
about where you need help, you'll likely receive at least a little help.

--
Steve Lord
slord@mathworks.com
comp.soft-sys.matlab (CSSM) FAQ: http://matlabwiki.mathworks.com/MATLAB_FAQ
To contact Technical Support use the Contact Us link on
http://www.mathworks.com

"Steven Lord" <slord@mathworks.com> wrote in message <i1pmvo$72f$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
>
> "her linda" <f4rabbit@yahoo.com.tw> wrote in message
> news:i1pluu$1b8$1@fred.mathworks.com...
> > hello everyone,
> > i'm a student who do the research with cognitive radio too
> > but I bumped into a big problem
> > I am a beginner with matlab
> > and i am doing with collision detection in CR
> > does anyone have some code with CR
> > even the spectrum sensing program may help me
> > Plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!thank you all
>
> That's not how this newsgroup generally works.
>
> When you ask for help like this, the expectation is that you show what
> YOU'VE done to try to solve the problem first. We were all (well, except
> for Cleve, but he's a special case) beginners with MATLAB once -- many of us
> got better :) If you show what you've tried and ask a SPECIFIC question
> about where you need help, you'll likely receive at least a little help.
>
> --
> Steve Lord
> slord@mathworks.com
> comp.soft-sys.matlab (CSSM) FAQ: http://matlabwiki.mathworks.com/MATLAB_FAQ
> To contact Technical Support use the Contact Us link on
> http://www.mathworks.com
>

"mike mekkanen" <p87591@uwasa.fi> wrote in message <i8n0hd$m8o$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "Steven Lord" <slord@mathworks.com> wrote in message <i1pmvo$72f$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> >
> > "her linda" <f4rabbit@yahoo.com.tw> wrote in message
> > news:i1pluu$1b8$1@fred.mathworks.com...
> > > hello everyone,
> > > i'm a student who do the research with cognitive radio too
> > > but I bumped into a big problem
> > > I am a beginner with matlab
> > > and i am doing with collision detection in CR
> > > does anyone have some code with CR
> > > even the spectrum sensing program may help me
> > > Plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!thank you all
> >
> > That's not how this newsgroup generally works.
> >
> > When you ask for help like this, the expectation is that you show what
> > YOU'VE done to try to solve the problem first. We were all (well, except
> > for Cleve, but he's a special case) beginners with MATLAB once -- many of us
> > got better :) If you show what you've tried and ask a SPECIFIC question
> > about where you need help, you'll likely receive at least a little help.
> >
> > --
> > Steve Lord
> > slord@mathworks.com
> > comp.soft-sys.matlab (CSSM) FAQ: http://matlabwiki.mathworks.com/MATLAB_FAQ
> > To contact Technical Support use the Contact Us link on
> > http://www.mathworks.com
> >

"mike mekkanen" <p87591@uwasa.fi> wrote in message <i8n0hd$m8o$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "Steven Lord" <slord@mathworks.com> wrote in message <i1pmvo$72f$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> >
> > "her linda" <f4rabbit@yahoo.com.tw> wrote in message
> > news:i1pluu$1b8$1@fred.mathworks.com...
> > > hello everyone,
> > > i'm a student who do the research with cognitive radio too
> > > but I bumped into a big problem
> > > I am a beginner with matlab
> > > and i am doing with collision detection in CR
> > > does anyone have some code with CR
> > > even the spectrum sensing program may help me
> > > Plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!thank you all
> >
> > That's not how this newsgroup generally works.
> >
> > When you ask for help like this, the expectation is that you show what
> > YOU'VE done to try to solve the problem first. We were all (well, except
> > for Cleve, but he's a special case) beginners with MATLAB once -- many of us
> > got better :) If you show what you've tried and ask a SPECIFIC question
> > about where you need help, you'll likely receive at least a little help.
> >
> > --
> > Steve Lord
> > slord@mathworks.com
> > comp.soft-sys.matlab (CSSM) FAQ: http://matlabwiki.mathworks.com/MATLAB_FAQ
> > To contact Technical Support use the Contact Us link on
> > http://www.mathworks.com
> >

"shamser " <shimul26@yahoo.com> wrote in message <ibobg3$sd5$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "mike mekkanen" <p87591@uwasa.fi> wrote in message <i8n0hd$m8o$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > "Steven Lord" <slord@mathworks.com> wrote in message <i1pmvo$72f$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > >
> > > "her linda" <f4rabbit@yahoo.com.tw> wrote in message
> > > news:i1pluu$1b8$1@fred.mathworks.com...
> > > > hello everyone,
> > > > i'm a student who do the research with cognitive radio too
> > > > but I bumped into a big problem
> > > > I am a beginner with matlab
> > > > and i am doing with collision detection in CR
> > > > does anyone have some code with CR
> > > > even the spectrum sensing program may help me
> > > > Plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!thank you all
> > >
> > > That's not how this newsgroup generally works.
> > >
> > > When you ask for help like this, the expectation is that you show what
> > > YOU'VE done to try to solve the problem first. We were all (well, except
> > > for Cleve, but he's a special case) beginners with MATLAB once -- many of us
> > > got better :) If you show what you've tried and ask a SPECIFIC question
> > > about where you need help, you'll likely receive at least a little help.
> > >
> > > --
> > > Steve Lord
> > > slord@mathworks.com
> > > comp.soft-sys.matlab (CSSM) FAQ: http://matlabwiki.mathworks.com/MATLAB_FAQ
> > > To contact Technical Support use the Contact Us link on
> > > http://www.mathworks.com
> > > mail msashimul@gmail.com. He will provide you the solution within one day.

"shamser " <shimul26@yahoo.com> wrote in message <ibobg3$sd5$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "mike mekkanen" <p87591@uwasa.fi> wrote in message <i8n0hd$m8o$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > "Steven Lord" <slord@mathworks.com> wrote in message <i1pmvo$72f$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > >
> > > "her linda" <f4rabbit@yahoo.com.tw> wrote in message
> > > news:i1pluu$1b8$1@fred.mathworks.com...
> > > > hello everyone,
> > > > i'm a student who do the research with cognitive radio too
> > > > but I bumped into a big problem
> > > > I am a beginner with matlab
> > > > and i am doing with collision detection in CR
> > > > does anyone have some code with CR
> > > > even the spectrum sensing program may help me
> > > > Plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!thank you all
> > >
> > > That's not how this newsgroup generally works.
> > >
> > > When you ask for help like this, the expectation is that you show what
> > > YOU'VE done to try to solve the problem first. We were all (well, except
> > > for Cleve, but he's a special case) beginners with MATLAB once -- many of us
> > > got better :) If you show what you've tried and ask a SPECIFIC question
> > > about where you need help, you'll likely receive at least a little help.
> > >
> > > --
> > > Steve Lord
> > > slord@mathworks.com
> > > comp.soft-sys.matlab (CSSM) FAQ: http://matlabwiki.mathworks.com/MATLAB_FAQ
> > > To contact Technical Support use the Contact Us link on
> > > http://www.mathworks.com
> > > mail msashimul@gmail.com. He will provide you the solution with in one day..

"nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
> i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
> or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
> please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
> me in doing my project...
> thank u in advance
> nancy
well nancy could u please explain me wat actually is a cognitive radio?
i am an engineering student trying to do some extraordinary project for my academic schedule. so please explain me what is a cognitive radio

On 25/11/10 9:39 AM, ravi sharan wrote:

> well nancy could u please explain me wat actually is a cognitive radio?

Did you try google?

"Md. Rakib" wrote in message <hisave$27m$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> Hi all, can anyone send me any matlab code for cognitive radio simulation? Please help.
hi
can u share the matlab code to begin with on cognitive radio, if any.
thanks in advance
amber

i am new to matlab and will need to simulate spectrum sensing can anyone please help with the any code i can start with.
Rabile"

nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g7gnkp$qhj$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
> i'm working on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive
> radio...it is an emerging topic and we don't find any codes
> or any help for it. i'm also facing problems as i have to
> start fresh...if anyone has any codes related to it could u
> please send me some too...it would be the greatest help for
> me in doing my project...
> thank u in advance
> nancy

HI
I get ur MATLAB coding for my project but it shows error in signal generation of BPSK. Since I'm new to MATLAB I'm unable to recover, can u suggest me some idea. And also I need MATLAB coding for Co-operative spectrum sensing for probability of false alarm detection.
I've some code pl go thro' it and tel wat correction i need to do.

clear all;
close all;
clc


u=1000;%time bandwidth factor
N=2*u;%samples
a=2;%path loss exponent
C=2;%constant losses
Crs=10; %Number of cognitive radio users
PdAnd=0;
%----------Pfa------------%
Pf=0.01:0.01:1;
Pfa=Pf.^2;
%---------signal-----%
t=1:N;
s1 = cos(pi*t);
% s1power=var(s1);


%-------- SNR ----------%
% Snrdb=-15:1:15;
Snrdb=15;
Snreal=power(10,Snrdb/10);%Linear Snr

% while Snrdb<15
for i=1:length(Pfa)
lamda(i)=gammaincinv(1-Pfa(i),u)*2; %theshold
% lamdadB=10*log10(lamda);


%---------Local spectrum sensing---------%

for j=1:Crs %for each node
detect=0;
% d(j)=7+1.1*rand(); %random distanse
d=7:0.1:8;
PL=C*(d(j)^-a); %path loss

for sim=1:10%Monte Carlo Simulation for 100 noise realisation

%-------------AWGN channel--------------------%
noise = randn(1,N); %Noise production with zero mean and s^2 var
noise_power = mean(noise.^2); %noise average power
amp = sqrt(noise.^2*Snreal);
s1=amp.*s1./abs(s1);
% SNRdB_Sample=10*log10(s1.^2./(noise.^2));
Rec_signal=s1+noise;%received signal
localSNR(j)=mean(abs(s1).^2)*PL/noise_power;%local snr
Pdth(j,i)=marcumq(sqrt(2*localSNR(j)),sqrt(lamda(i )),u);%Pd for j node

%Computation of Test statistic for energy detection
Sum=abs(Rec_signal).^2*PL;
Test(j,sim)=sum(Sum);
if (Test(j,sim)>lamda(i))
detect=detect+1;
end

end %END Monte Carlo

Pdsim(j)=detect/sim; %Pd of simulation for the j-th CRuser


end
PdAND(i)=prod(Pdsim);
PdOR(i)=1-prod(1-Pdsim);

end


PdAND5=(Pdth(5,:)).^5;
Pmd5=1-PdAND5;
PdANDth=(Pdth(Crs,:)).^Crs;
PmdANDth=1-PdANDth; %Probability of miss detection
Pmdsim=1-PdAND;
figure(1);
plot(Pfa,Pmdsim,'r-*',Pfa,PmdANDth,'k-o',Pfa,Pmd5,'g-*');
title('Complementary ROC of Cooperative sensing with AND rule under AWGN');
grid on
axis([0.0001,1,0.0001,1]);
xlabel('Probability of False alarm (Pfa)');
ylabel('Probability of Missed Detection (Pmd)');
legend('Simulation','Theory n=10','Theory n=5');

Expecting reply with thanks

"sesham srinu" <seshamsrinu83@gmail.com> wrote in message <hs44pp$dou$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "Vivi Sera" <vivi.seraphic@gmail.com> wrote in message <hrmljm$htd$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > I am doing a term project in spectrum sensing as well, probably focus on cooperative schemes, but will start with the conventional one, such as energy detection, matched filter, etc etc. If any of you have some good scripts for me to start off, would it be okay for you to share with me, please? I really appreciate it!
> hai iam sesham srinu from university of hyderabad,india
> %Entropy estimation of a stochastic signal for primary user detection for the matched filter case
>
>
> clear all;clc;
>
> %**************************************Input parameters**********************************************************************************
>
> b = [ 1 0 0 1 1]; % Input bit stream
>
> N=[16 32 64];
>
> for j=1:length(N)
> snr_db=0:1:20;
> g=length(snr_db);
> %*************************************BPSK signal generation, Matched filtering and Sampling********************************************
> for z=1:length(snr_db)
>
> [signal]=bpsk(b); %BPSK signal generation
> signal_fad=b_fad(signal); %fading
> [s_matched signal_noise noise]=match(signal_fad,snr_db(z)); % matched filtered output of Qpsk signal
>
>
> %************************************Entropy anlaysis after matched filter output is sampled********************************************
>
>
> L=N(j); %No.of bins
>
> s=s_matched(1:N(j)); % N no.of samples Sampled output of matched filter
>
> x=[ ];
> x=s(1:N(j)); %block of N samples of matched filter to make decision
>
> noise=noise(1:N(j));
>
> K=4;
> sq=sum(x.^2)/N(j);
> sigma = sqrt(sum(x.^2)/N(j));
> %**********************************checking for chebyeshev inequality*******************************************************************
> count=0;
> for i=1:N(j)
> if(abs((x(i)-mean(x)))>(K*sigma))
> count=count+1;
>
> else
> count=count;
> end
> end
>
> if ((count/N(j))<= (1/(K^2)))
>
> %display('Design value of K is correct ');
>
> else
> %display('Design value of K is incorrect and try for another value');
>
> end
>
> % %***********************************Histogram of x**************************************************************************************
> v1=(2*K*sigma)/(L); % Width of each bin
> v=-K*sigma:v1 :K*sigma; % a vector specifying the centres of bins from where to start and stop.
>
> %***********************************Checking for no.of values of x fallong inside the kth bin********************************************
>
> pa11=0;
> pa01=0; y1=0;e(z)=0;
> for k=1:L;
>
> number_samples=0;
>
>
>
> lk(k)=v(k)-(v1/2);
> lkplus1(k)=v(k)+(v1/2);
>
> for i=1:N(j)
> if((lk(k)<x(i))& (x(i)<lkplus1(k)))
> number_samples=number_samples+1;
> else
> number_samples=number_samples+eps;
> end
> end
>
> nk=number_samples;
>
> y1=y1+number_samples;
> %----------------------------------------Entropy caculation------------
>
> if(nk~=0)
> nk=nk;
> else
> nk=nk+eps;
>
> end
> p(k) = -((nk/N(j))*log2(nk/N(j)));
> e(z)= e(z)+p(k) ; %Entropy estimate
>
>
>
>
> %********************************************computing pk(a)********************************************************************************
> a1=snr_db(z);
>
> a0=0;
>
> pk1=0;pk0=0; M=2; u(1)=1;u(2)=-1;
> for m=1:M
> h1(m)=0;h2(m)=0;h3(m)=0;h4(m)=0;
>
> h1(m)=(lk(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a1/(1+a1)))*(1+a1);
> h2(m)=(lkplus1(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a1/(1+a1)))*(1+a1);
> h3(m)=(lk(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a0/(1+a0)))*(1+a0);
> h4(m)= (lkplus1(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a0/(1+a0)))*(1+a0);
>
>
>
> pk1=pk1+[[qfunc(h1(m))]-[qfunc(h2(m))]];
> pk0=pk0+[[qfunc(h3(m))]-[qfunc(h4(m))]];
>
> end
>
> pka1= (1/M)*pk1+eps;
> pka0= (1/M)*pk0+eps;
>
> %*********************************************computing log-likelihood ratio***************************************************************
>
> pa11=pa11+(nk/N(j))*[log2(pka1)-log2(pka0)];
>
>
> end
>
> le(z)=pa11;%Log-likelihood ratio of entropy
> end
>
> e1((j+(j-1)*20):j*21)=e;
> le1((j+(j-1)*20):j*21)=le;
> end
>
>
>
> plot(snr_db,e1(1:21),'-b*',snr_db,e1(22:42),'-ro',snr_db,e1(43:63),'-g.');
> xlabel('SNR in db');
> ylabel('Entropy');
> title('Normal entropy');
> h2=legend('N=16 BPSK','N=32 BPSK','N=64 BPSK',1);
>
> figure
> plot(snr_db,le1(1:21),'-b*',snr_db,le1(22:42),'-ro',snr_db,le1(43:63),'-g.');
> xlabel('SNR in db');
> ylabel('Log-likelihood Entropy');
> title('log-likelihood entropy')
> h2=legend('N=16 BPSK','N=32 BPSK','N=64 BPSK',1);
>
>
>

HI
I get ur MATLAB coding for my project but it shows error in signal generation of BPSK. Since I'm new to MATLAB I'm unable to recover, can u suggest me some idea. And also I need MATLAB coding for Co-operative spectrum sensing for probability of false alarm detection.
I've some code pl go thro' it and tel wat correction i need to do.

clear all;
close all;
clc


u=1000;%time bandwidth factor
N=2*u;%samples
a=2;%path loss exponent
C=2;%constant losses
Crs=10; %Number of cognitive radio users
PdAnd=0;
%----------Pfa------------%
Pf=0.01:0.01:1;
Pfa=Pf.^2;
%---------signal-----%
t=1:N;
s1 = cos(pi*t);
% s1power=var(s1);


%-------- SNR ----------%
% Snrdb=-15:1:15;
Snrdb=15;
Snreal=power(10,Snrdb/10);%Linear Snr

% while Snrdb<15
for i=1:length(Pfa)
lamda(i)=gammaincinv(1-Pfa(i),u)*2; %theshold
% lamdadB=10*log10(lamda);


%---------Local spectrum sensing---------%

for j=1:Crs %for each node
detect=0;
% d(j)=7+1.1*rand(); %random distanse
d=7:0.1:8;
PL=C*(d(j)^-a); %path loss

for sim=1:10%Monte Carlo Simulation for 100 noise realisation

%-------------AWGN channel--------------------%
noise = randn(1,N); %Noise production with zero mean and s^2 var
noise_power = mean(noise.^2); %noise average power
amp = sqrt(noise.^2*Snreal);
s1=amp.*s1./abs(s1);
% SNRdB_Sample=10*log10(s1.^2./(noise.^2));
Rec_signal=s1+noise;%received signal
localSNR(j)=mean(abs(s1).^2)*PL/noise_power;%local snr
Pdth(j,i)=marcumq(sqrt(2*localSNR(j)),sqrt(lamda(i )),u);%Pd for j node

%Computation of Test statistic for energy detection
Sum=abs(Rec_signal).^2*PL;
Test(j,sim)=sum(Sum);
if (Test(j,sim)>lamda(i))
detect=detect+1;
end

end %END Monte Carlo

Pdsim(j)=detect/sim; %Pd of simulation for the j-th CRuser


end
PdAND(i)=prod(Pdsim);
PdOR(i)=1-prod(1-Pdsim);

end


PdAND5=(Pdth(5,:)).^5;
Pmd5=1-PdAND5;
PdANDth=(Pdth(Crs,:)).^Crs;
PmdANDth=1-PdANDth; %Probability of miss detection
Pmdsim=1-PdAND;
figure(1);
plot(Pfa,Pmdsim,'r-*',Pfa,PmdANDth,'k-o',Pfa,Pmd5,'g-*');
title('Complementary ROC of Cooperative sensing with AND rule under AWGN');
grid on
axis([0.0001,1,0.0001,1]);
xlabel('Probability of False alarm (Pfa)');
ylabel('Probability of Missed Detection (Pmd)');
legend('Simulation','Theory n=10','Theory n=5');

Expecting reply with thanks

"sesham srinu" <seshamsrinu83@gmail.com> wrote in message <hs44pp$dou$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> "Vivi Sera" <vivi.seraphic@gmail.com> wrote in message <hrmljm$htd$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > I am doing a term project in spectrum sensing as well, probably focus on cooperative schemes, but will start with the conventional one, such as energy detection, matched filter, etc etc. If any of you have some good scripts for me to start off, would it be okay for you to share with me, please? I really appreciate it!
> hai iam sesham srinu from university of hyderabad,india
> %Entropy estimation of a stochastic signal for primary user detection for the matched filter case
>
>
> clear all;clc;
>
> %**************************************Input parameters**********************************************************************************
>
> b = [ 1 0 0 1 1]; % Input bit stream
>
> N=[16 32 64];
>
> for j=1:length(N)
> snr_db=0:1:20;
> g=length(snr_db);
> %*************************************BPSK signal generation, Matched filtering and Sampling********************************************
> for z=1:length(snr_db)
>
> [signal]=bpsk(b); %BPSK signal generation
> signal_fad=b_fad(signal); %fading
> [s_matched signal_noise noise]=match(signal_fad,snr_db(z)); % matched filtered output of Qpsk signal
>
>
> %************************************Entropy anlaysis after matched filter output is sampled********************************************
>
>
> L=N(j); %No.of bins
>
> s=s_matched(1:N(j)); % N no.of samples Sampled output of matched filter
>
> x=[ ];
> x=s(1:N(j)); %block of N samples of matched filter to make decision
>
> noise=noise(1:N(j));
>
> K=4;
> sq=sum(x.^2)/N(j);
> sigma = sqrt(sum(x.^2)/N(j));
> %**********************************checking for chebyeshev inequality*******************************************************************
> count=0;
> for i=1:N(j)
> if(abs((x(i)-mean(x)))>(K*sigma))
> count=count+1;
>
> else
> count=count;
> end
> end
>
> if ((count/N(j))<= (1/(K^2)))
>
> %display('Design value of K is correct ');
>
> else
> %display('Design value of K is incorrect and try for another value');
>
> end
>
> % %***********************************Histogram of x**************************************************************************************
> v1=(2*K*sigma)/(L); % Width of each bin
> v=-K*sigma:v1 :K*sigma; % a vector specifying the centres of bins from where to start and stop.
>
> %***********************************Checking for no.of values of x fallong inside the kth bin********************************************
>
> pa11=0;
> pa01=0; y1=0;e(z)=0;
> for k=1:L;
>
> number_samples=0;
>
>
>
> lk(k)=v(k)-(v1/2);
> lkplus1(k)=v(k)+(v1/2);
>
> for i=1:N(j)
> if((lk(k)<x(i))& (x(i)<lkplus1(k)))
> number_samples=number_samples+1;
> else
> number_samples=number_samples+eps;
> end
> end
>
> nk=number_samples;
>
> y1=y1+number_samples;
> %----------------------------------------Entropy caculation------------
>
> if(nk~=0)
> nk=nk;
> else
> nk=nk+eps;
>
> end
> p(k) = -((nk/N(j))*log2(nk/N(j)));
> e(z)= e(z)+p(k) ; %Entropy estimate
>
>
>
>
> %********************************************computing pk(a)********************************************************************************
> a1=snr_db(z);
>
> a0=0;
>
> pk1=0;pk0=0; M=2; u(1)=1;u(2)=-1;
> for m=1:M
> h1(m)=0;h2(m)=0;h3(m)=0;h4(m)=0;
>
> h1(m)=(lk(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a1/(1+a1)))*(1+a1);
> h2(m)=(lkplus1(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a1/(1+a1)))*(1+a1);
> h3(m)=(lk(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a0/(1+a0)))*(1+a0);
> h4(m)= (lkplus1(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a0/(1+a0)))*(1+a0);
>
>
>
> pk1=pk1+[[qfunc(h1(m))]-[qfunc(h2(m))]];
> pk0=pk0+[[qfunc(h3(m))]-[qfunc(h4(m))]];
>
> end
>
> pka1= (1/M)*pk1+eps;
> pka0= (1/M)*pk0+eps;
>
> %*********************************************computing log-likelihood ratio***************************************************************
>
> pa11=pa11+(nk/N(j))*[log2(pka1)-log2(pka0)];
>
>
> end
>
> le(z)=pa11;%Log-likelihood ratio of entropy
> end
>
> e1((j+(j-1)*20):j*21)=e;
> le1((j+(j-1)*20):j*21)=le;
> end
>
>
>
> plot(snr_db,e1(1:21),'-b*',snr_db,e1(22:42),'-ro',snr_db,e1(43:63),'-g.');
> xlabel('SNR in db');
> ylabel('Entropy');
> title('Normal entropy');
> h2=legend('N=16 BPSK','N=32 BPSK','N=64 BPSK',1);
>
> figure
> plot(snr_db,le1(1:21),'-b*',snr_db,le1(22:42),'-ro',snr_db,le1(43:63),'-g.');
> xlabel('SNR in db');
> ylabel('Log-likelihood Entropy');
> title('log-likelihood entropy')
> h2=legend('N=16 BPSK','N=32 BPSK','N=64 BPSK',1);
>
>
>

Hi All,

The best way to start a project is to divide it into small milestones.

I think in this case first you all must simulate a simple bpsk system with noise. See if you can transmit and receive bits and if your ber curve matches the text book.
The next step should be to add a matched filter.
The final stage will be to implement a sensing algorithm based on whatever technique.

You must also try to understand what does probability of false alarm mean and what is the probability of detection.

Using this approach you all can gain alot. Even if the project does not finish on time atleast you've something to show.



"krithi vengat" wrote in message <jeauik$ndq$1@newscl01ah.mathworks.com>...
> HI
> I get ur MATLAB coding for my project but it shows error in signal generation of BPSK. Since I'm new to MATLAB I'm unable to recover, can u suggest me some idea. And also I need MATLAB coding for Co-operative spectrum sensing for probability of false alarm detection.
> I've some code pl go thro' it and tel wat correction i need to do.
>
> clear all;
> close all;
> clc
>
>
> u=1000;%time bandwidth factor
> N=2*u;%samples
> a=2;%path loss exponent
> C=2;%constant losses
> Crs=10; %Number of cognitive radio users
> PdAnd=0;
> %----------Pfa------------%
> Pf=0.01:0.01:1;
> Pfa=Pf.^2;
> %---------signal-----%
> t=1:N;
> s1 = cos(pi*t);
> % s1power=var(s1);
>
>
> %-------- SNR ----------%
> % Snrdb=-15:1:15;
> Snrdb=15;
> Snreal=power(10,Snrdb/10);%Linear Snr
>
> % while Snrdb<15
> for i=1:length(Pfa)
> lamda(i)=gammaincinv(1-Pfa(i),u)*2; %theshold
> % lamdadB=10*log10(lamda);
>
>
> %---------Local spectrum sensing---------%
>
> for j=1:Crs %for each node
> detect=0;
> % d(j)=7+1.1*rand(); %random distanse
> d=7:0.1:8;
> PL=C*(d(j)^-a); %path loss
>
> for sim=1:10%Monte Carlo Simulation for 100 noise realisation
>
> %-------------AWGN channel--------------------%
> noise = randn(1,N); %Noise production with zero mean and s^2 var
> noise_power = mean(noise.^2); %noise average power
> amp = sqrt(noise.^2*Snreal);
> s1=amp.*s1./abs(s1);
> % SNRdB_Sample=10*log10(s1.^2./(noise.^2));
> Rec_signal=s1+noise;%received signal
> localSNR(j)=mean(abs(s1).^2)*PL/noise_power;%local snr
> Pdth(j,i)=marcumq(sqrt(2*localSNR(j)),sqrt(lamda(i )),u);%Pd for j node
>
> %Computation of Test statistic for energy detection
> Sum=abs(Rec_signal).^2*PL;
> Test(j,sim)=sum(Sum);
> if (Test(j,sim)>lamda(i))
> detect=detect+1;
> end
>
> end %END Monte Carlo
>
> Pdsim(j)=detect/sim; %Pd of simulation for the j-th CRuser
>
>
> end
> PdAND(i)=prod(Pdsim);
> PdOR(i)=1-prod(1-Pdsim);
>
> end
>
>
> PdAND5=(Pdth(5,:)).^5;
> Pmd5=1-PdAND5;
> PdANDth=(Pdth(Crs,:)).^Crs;
> PmdANDth=1-PdANDth; %Probability of miss detection
> Pmdsim=1-PdAND;
> figure(1);
> plot(Pfa,Pmdsim,'r-*',Pfa,PmdANDth,'k-o',Pfa,Pmd5,'g-*');
> title('Complementary ROC of Cooperative sensing with AND rule under AWGN');
> grid on
> axis([0.0001,1,0.0001,1]);
> xlabel('Probability of False alarm (Pfa)');
> ylabel('Probability of Missed Detection (Pmd)');
> legend('Simulation','Theory n=10','Theory n=5');
>
> Expecting reply with thanks
>
> "sesham srinu" <seshamsrinu83@gmail.com> wrote in message <hs44pp$dou$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > "Vivi Sera" <vivi.seraphic@gmail.com> wrote in message <hrmljm$htd$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> > > I am doing a term project in spectrum sensing as well, probably focus on cooperative schemes, but will start with the conventional one, such as energy detection, matched filter, etc etc. If any of you have some good scripts for me to start off, would it be okay for you to share with me, please? I really appreciate it!
> > hai iam sesham srinu from university of hyderabad,india
> > %Entropy estimation of a stochastic signal for primary user detection for the matched filter case
> >
> >
> > clear all;clc;
> >
> > %**************************************Input parameters**********************************************************************************
> >
> > b = [ 1 0 0 1 1]; % Input bit stream
> >
> > N=[16 32 64];
> >
> > for j=1:length(N)
> > snr_db=0:1:20;
> > g=length(snr_db);
> > %*************************************BPSK signal generation, Matched filtering and Sampling********************************************
> > for z=1:length(snr_db)
> >
> > [signal]=bpsk(b); %BPSK signal generation
> > signal_fad=b_fad(signal); %fading
> > [s_matched signal_noise noise]=match(signal_fad,snr_db(z)); % matched filtered output of Qpsk signal
> >
> >
> > %************************************Entropy anlaysis after matched filter output is sampled********************************************
> >
> >
> > L=N(j); %No.of bins
> >
> > s=s_matched(1:N(j)); % N no.of samples Sampled output of matched filter
> >
> > x=[ ];
> > x=s(1:N(j)); %block of N samples of matched filter to make decision
> >
> > noise=noise(1:N(j));
> >
> > K=4;
> > sq=sum(x.^2)/N(j);
> > sigma = sqrt(sum(x.^2)/N(j));
> > %**********************************checking for chebyeshev inequality*******************************************************************
> > count=0;
> > for i=1:N(j)
> > if(abs((x(i)-mean(x)))>(K*sigma))
> > count=count+1;
> >
> > else
> > count=count;
> > end
> > end
> >
> > if ((count/N(j))<= (1/(K^2)))
> >
> > %display('Design value of K is correct ');
> >
> > else
> > %display('Design value of K is incorrect and try for another value');
> >
> > end
> >
> > % %***********************************Histogram of x**************************************************************************************
> > v1=(2*K*sigma)/(L); % Width of each bin
> > v=-K*sigma:v1 :K*sigma; % a vector specifying the centres of bins from where to start and stop.
> >
> > %***********************************Checking for no.of values of x fallong inside the kth bin********************************************
> >
> > pa11=0;
> > pa01=0; y1=0;e(z)=0;
> > for k=1:L;
> >
> > number_samples=0;
> >
> >
> >
> > lk(k)=v(k)-(v1/2);
> > lkplus1(k)=v(k)+(v1/2);
> >
> > for i=1:N(j)
> > if((lk(k)<x(i))& (x(i)<lkplus1(k)))
> > number_samples=number_samples+1;
> > else
> > number_samples=number_samples+eps;
> > end
> > end
> >
> > nk=number_samples;
> >
> > y1=y1+number_samples;
> > %----------------------------------------Entropy caculation------------
> >
> > if(nk~=0)
> > nk=nk;
> > else
> > nk=nk+eps;
> >
> > end
> > p(k) = -((nk/N(j))*log2(nk/N(j)));
> > e(z)= e(z)+p(k) ; %Entropy estimate
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > %********************************************computing pk(a)********************************************************************************
> > a1=snr_db(z);
> >
> > a0=0;
> >
> > pk1=0;pk0=0; M=2; u(1)=1;u(2)=-1;
> > for m=1:M
> > h1(m)=0;h2(m)=0;h3(m)=0;h4(m)=0;
> >
> > h1(m)=(lk(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a1/(1+a1)))*(1+a1);
> > h2(m)=(lkplus1(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a1/(1+a1)))*(1+a1);
> > h3(m)=(lk(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a0/(1+a0)))*(1+a0);
> > h4(m)= (lkplus1(k)-u(m)*sqrt(a0/(1+a0)))*(1+a0);
> >
> >
> >
> > pk1=pk1+[[qfunc(h1(m))]-[qfunc(h2(m))]];
> > pk0=pk0+[[qfunc(h3(m))]-[qfunc(h4(m))]];
> >
> > end
> >
> > pka1= (1/M)*pk1+eps;
> > pka0= (1/M)*pk0+eps;
> >
> > %*********************************************computing log-likelihood ratio***************************************************************
> >
> > pa11=pa11+(nk/N(j))*[log2(pka1)-log2(pka0)];
> >
> >
> > end
> >
> > le(z)=pa11;%Log-likelihood ratio of entropy
> > end
> >
> > e1((j+(j-1)*20):j*21)=e;
> > le1((j+(j-1)*20):j*21)=le;
> > end
> >
> >
> >
> > plot(snr_db,e1(1:21),'-b*',snr_db,e1(22:42),'-ro',snr_db,e1(43:63),'-g.');
> > xlabel('SNR in db');
> > ylabel('Entropy');
> > title('Normal entropy');
> > h2=legend('N=16 BPSK','N=32 BPSK','N=64 BPSK',1);
> >
> > figure
> > plot(snr_db,le1(1:21),'-b*',snr_db,le1(22:42),'-ro',snr_db,le1(43:63),'-g.');
> > xlabel('SNR in db');
> > ylabel('Log-likelihood Entropy');
> > title('log-likelihood entropy')
> > h2=legend('N=16 BPSK','N=32 BPSK','N=64 BPSK',1);
> >
> >
> >

Will you please post the coding which you used for probability of detection?
 "nancy " <nancy.gonzalvis@gmail.com> wrote in message <g9r22h$h0g$1@fred.mathworks.com>...
> hello
>
> as i posted the spectrum sensing problem earlier i wanted to
> know about the probability of false alarm. i worked out for
> the probability of detection and got the curve as given by
> the paper of Bhargava et. al. i calculated the probability
> of detection by first finding the individual detection using
> energy detection and then dividing the number of times the
> detection is produced with the number of iteration. now i
> want to find the probability of false alarm but am not
> getting any idea to implement it in matlab. anybody has any
> idea to calculate the probability of false alarm. please
> help me...
> thank u