| ## L Laplacian of a graph Lagragian of an optimization problem Laplace formula for the determinant of a matrix Largest singular value (LSV) norm of a matrix Least-squares Leibnitz formula for the determinant of a matrix Left inverse of a matrix Linear function Linear matrix inequality Linear program (LP) Linear regression Local optimum Log-return of a financial asset Log-sum-exp function norms of a vector: norm, -norm (also called Euclidean norm), norm. norm, or cardinality, of a vector.