Lookback

Lookback instrument

Description

Create and price a Lookback instrument object using this workflow:

1. Use fininstrument to create a Lookback instrument object.

2. Use finmodel to specify a BlackScholes, Heston, Bates, or Merton model for the Lookback instrument.

3. • When using a BlackScholes model, use finpricer to specify a ConzeViswanathan, AssetTree, or GoldmanSosinGatto pricing method for the Lookback instrument.

   • When using a BlackScholes, Heston, Bates, or Merton model, use finpricer to specify an AssetMonteCarlo pricing method for the Lookback instrument.

For more information on this workflow, see Get Started with Workflows Using Object-Based Framework for Pricing Financial Instruments.

For more information on the available models and pricing methods for a Lookback instrument, see Choose Instruments, Models, and Pricers.

Creation

Syntax

LookbackObj = fininstrument(InstrumentType,'Strike',strike_value,'ExerciseDate',exercise_date)

LookbackObj = fininstrument(___,Name,Value)

Description

LookbackObj = fininstrument(InstrumentType,'Strike',strike_value,'ExerciseDate',exercise_date) creates a Lookback object by specifying InstrumentType and sets the properties for the required name-value pair arguments Strike and ExerciseDate.

The Lookback instrument supports fixed and floating strike lookback options. For more information on a Lookback instrument, see More About.

LookbackObj = fininstrument(___,Name,Value) sets optional properties using additional name-value pairs in addition to the required arguments in the previous syntax. For example, LookbackObj = fininstrument("Lookback",'Strike',100,'ExerciseDate',datetime(2019,1,30),'OptionType',"put",'ExerciseStyle',"European",'Name',"lookback_option") creates a Lookback put option with an European exercise. You can specify multiple name-value pair arguments.

Input Arguments

InstrumentType — Instrument type

string with value "Lookback" | character vector with value 'Lookback'

Instrument type, specified as a string with the value of "Lookback" or a character vector with the value of 'Lookback'.

Data Types: char | string

Lookback Name-Value Pair Arguments

Specify required and optional comma-separated pairs of Name,Value arguments. Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name must appear inside quotes. You can specify several name and value pair arguments in any order as Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN.

Example: LookbackObj = fininstrument("Lookback",'Strike',100,'ExerciseDate',datetime(2019,1,30),'OptionType',"put",'ExerciseStyle',"European",'Name',"lookback_option")

Required Lookback Name-Value Pair Arguments

'Strike' — Option strike price value

nonnegative numeric | NaN

Option strike price value, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Strike' and a scalar nonnegative numeric value for a fixed strike Lookback option or a NaN for a floating strike Lookback option.

Note

Use the ConzeViswanathan pricer for a fixed strike Lookback option and use the GoldmanSosinGatto pricer for a floating strike Lookback option.

Data Types: double

'ExerciseDate' — Option exercise date

datetime | serial date number | date character vector | date string

Option exercise date, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'ExerciseDate' and a scalar datetime, serial date number, date character vector, or date string.

Note

For a European option, there is only one ExerciseDate on the option expiry date.

If you use a date character vector or date string, the format must be recognizable by datetime because the ExerciseDate property is stored as a datetime.

Data Types: double | char | string | datetime

Optional Lookback Name-Value Pair Arguments

'OptionType' — Option type

"call" (default) | string with value "call" or "put" | character vector with value 'call' or 'put'

Option type, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'OptionType' and a scalar string or character vector.

Data Types: char | string

'ExerciseStyle' — Option exercise style

"European" (default) | string with value "European" or "American" | character vector with value 'European' or 'American'

Option exercise style, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'ExerciseStyle' and a scalar string or character vector.

Data Types: string | char

'AssetMinMax' — Maximum or minimum underlying asset price

NaN where SpotPrice of the underlying asset is used (default) | scalar numeric

Maximum or minimum underlying asset price, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'AssetMinMax' and a scalar numeric.

Data Types: double

'Name' — User-defined name for instrument

" " (default) | string | character vector

User-defined name for the instrument, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Name' and a scalar string or character vector.

Data Types: char | string

Properties

Strike — Option strike price value

nonnegative numeric

Option strike price value, returned as a scalar nonnegative numeric.

Data Types: double

ExerciseDate — Option exercise date

datetime

Option exercise date, returned as a datetime.

Data Types: datetime

OptionType — Option type

"call" (default) | string with value "call" or "put"

Option type, returned as a string with a value of "call" or "put".

Data Types: string

ExerciseStyle — Option exercise style

"European" (default) | string with value "European" or "American"

Option exercise style, returned as a string with a value of "European" or "American".

Data Types: string

AssetMinMax — Maximum or minimum underlying asset price

NaN where SpotPrice of the underlying asset is used (default) | scalar numeric

Maximum or minimum underlying asset price, returned as a scalar numeric.

Data Types: double

Name — User-defined name for instrument

" " (default) | string

User-defined name for the instrument, returned as a string.

Data Types: string

Examples

Price Lookback Instrument Using a Black-Scholes Model and Conze-Viswanathan Pricer

This example shows the workflow to price a LookBack instrument when you use a BlackScholes model and a ConzeViswanathan pricing method.

Create Lookback Instrument Object

Use fininstrument to create a Lookback instrument object.

LookbackOpt = fininstrument("Lookback",'Strike',105,'ExerciseDate',datetime(2022,9,15),'OptionType',"put",'ExerciseStyle',"european",'Name',"lookback_option")

LookbackOpt = 
  Lookback with properties:

       OptionType: "put"
           Strike: 105
      AssetMinMax: NaN
    ExerciseStyle: "european"
     ExerciseDate: 15-Sep-2022
             Name: "lookback_option"

Create BlackScholes Model Object

Use finmodel to create a BlackScholes model object.

BlackScholesModel = finmodel("BlackScholes",'Volatility',0.2)

BlackScholesModel = 
  BlackScholes with properties:

     Volatility: 0.2000
    Correlation: 1

Create ratecurve Object

Create a flat ratecurve object using ratecurve.

Settle = datetime(2018,9,15);
Maturity = datetime(2023,9,15);
Rate = 0.035;
myRC = ratecurve('zero',Settle,Maturity,Rate,'Basis',12)

myRC = 
  ratecurve with properties:

                 Type: "zero"
          Compounding: -1
                Basis: 12
                Dates: 15-Sep-2023
                Rates: 0.0350
               Settle: 15-Sep-2018
         InterpMethod: "linear"
    ShortExtrapMethod: "next"
     LongExtrapMethod: "previous"

Create ConzeViswanathan Pricer Object

Use finpricer to create a ConzeViswanathan pricer object and use the ratecurve object for the 'DiscountCurve' name-value pair argument.

outPricer = finpricer("analytic","Model",BlackScholesModel,"DiscountCurve",myRC,"SpotPrice",100,"DividendValue",0.25,"DividendType","continuous","PricingMethod","ConzeViswanathan")

outPricer = 
  ConzeViswanathan with properties:

    DiscountCurve: [1x1 ratecurve]
            Model: [1x1 finmodel.BlackScholes]
        SpotPrice: 100
    DividendValue: 0.2500
     DividendType: "continuous"

Price Lookback Instrument

Use price to compute the price and sensitivities for the Lookback instrument.

[Price, outPR] = price(outPricer,LookbackOpt,["all"])

Price = 57.8786

outPR = 
  priceresult with properties:

       Results: [1x7 table]
    PricerData: []

outPR.Results

ans=1×7 table
    Price      Delta      Gamma     Lambda      Vega      Theta       Rho  
    ______    ________    _____    ________    ______    _______    _______

    57.879    -0.33404      0      -0.57714    32.587    -5.1863    -350.41

Price Lookback Instrument Using a Black-Scholes Model and Asset Tree Pricer

This example shows the workflow to price a LookBack instrument when you use an BlackScholes model and an AssetTree pricing method.

Create Lookback Instrument Object

Use fininstrument to create a Lookback instrument object.

LookbackOpt = fininstrument("Lookback",'Strike',105,'ExerciseDate',datetime(2022,9,15),'OptionType',"put",'ExerciseStyle',"european",'Name',"lookback_option")

LookbackOpt = 
  Lookback with properties:

       OptionType: "put"
           Strike: 105
      AssetMinMax: NaN
    ExerciseStyle: "european"
     ExerciseDate: 15-Sep-2022
             Name: "lookback_option"

Create BlackScholes Model Object

Use finmodel to create a BlackScholes model object.

BlackScholesModel = finmodel("BlackScholes",'Volatility',0.2)

BlackScholesModel = 
  BlackScholes with properties:

     Volatility: 0.2000
    Correlation: 1

Create ratecurve Object

Create a flat ratecurve object using ratecurve.

Settle = datetime(2018,9,15);
Maturity = datetime(2023,9,15);
Rate = 0.035;
myRC = ratecurve('zero',Settle,Maturity,Rate,'Basis',12)

myRC = 
  ratecurve with properties:

                 Type: "zero"
          Compounding: -1
                Basis: 12
                Dates: 15-Sep-2023
                Rates: 0.0350
               Settle: 15-Sep-2018
         InterpMethod: "linear"
    ShortExtrapMethod: "next"
     LongExtrapMethod: "previous"

Create AssetTree Pricer Object

Use finpricer to create an AssetTree pricer object for a LR equity tree and use the ratecurve object for the 'DiscountCurve' name-value pair argument.

NumPeriods = 15;
LRPricer = finpricer("AssetTree",'DiscountCurve',myRC,'Model',BlackScholesModel,'SpotPrice',150,'PricingMethod',"LeisenReimer",'Maturity',datetime(2022,9,15),'NumPeriods',NumPeriods)

LRPricer = 
  LRTree with properties:

    InversionMethod: PP1
             Strike: 150
               Tree: [1x1 struct]
         NumPeriods: 15
              Model: [1x1 finmodel.BlackScholes]
      DiscountCurve: [1x1 ratecurve]
          SpotPrice: 150
       DividendType: "continuous"
      DividendValue: 0
          TreeDates: [1x15 datetime]

LRPricer.Tree

ans = struct with fields:
    Probs: [2x15 double]
    ATree: {1x16 cell}
     dObs: [1x16 datetime]
     tObs: [1x16 double]

Price Lookback Instrument

Use price to compute the price and sensitivities for the Lookback instrument.

[Price, outPR] = price(LRPricer,LookbackOpt,["all"])

Price = 3.9412

outPR = 
  priceresult with properties:

       Results: [1x7 table]
    PricerData: []

outPR.Results

ans=1×7 table
    Price      Delta        Gamma       Vega     Lambda       Rho       Theta 
    ______    ________    _________    ______    _______    _______    _______

    3.9412    -0.13312    -0.011131    67.684    -5.0757    -73.857    -1.0383

Price Lookback Instrument Using a Black-Scholes Model and Asset Monte-Carlo Pricer

This example shows the workflow to price a LookBack instrument when you use a BlackScholes model and an AssetMonetCarlo pricing method.

Create Lookback Instrument Object

Use fininstrument to create a Lookback instrument object.

LookbackOpt = fininstrument("Lookback",'Strike',105,'ExerciseDate',datetime(2022,9,15),'OptionType',"put",'ExerciseStyle',"european",'Name',"lookback_option")

LookbackOpt = 
  Lookback with properties:

       OptionType: "put"
           Strike: 105
      AssetMinMax: NaN
    ExerciseStyle: "european"
     ExerciseDate: 15-Sep-2022
             Name: "lookback_option"

Create BlackScholes Model Object

Use finmodel to create a BlackScholes model object.

BlackScholesModel = finmodel("BlackScholes",'Volatility',0.2)

BlackScholesModel = 
  BlackScholes with properties:

     Volatility: 0.2000
    Correlation: 1

Create ratecurve Object

Create a flat ratecurve object using ratecurve.

Settle = datetime(2018,9,15);
Maturity = datetime(2023,9,15);
Rate = 0.035;
myRC = ratecurve('zero',Settle,Maturity,Rate,'Basis',12)

myRC = 
  ratecurve with properties:

                 Type: "zero"
          Compounding: -1
                Basis: 12
                Dates: 15-Sep-2023
                Rates: 0.0350
               Settle: 15-Sep-2018
         InterpMethod: "linear"
    ShortExtrapMethod: "next"
     LongExtrapMethod: "previous"

Create AssetMonteCarlo Pricer Object

Use finpricer to create an AssetMonteCarlo pricer object and use the ratecurve object for the 'DiscountCurve' name-value pair argument.

outPricer = finpricer("AssetMonteCarlo",'DiscountCurve',myRC,"Model",BlackScholesModel,'SpotPrice',200,'simulationDates',datetime(2022,9,15))

outPricer = 
  GBMMonteCarlo with properties:

      DiscountCurve: [1x1 ratecurve]
          SpotPrice: 200
    SimulationDates: 15-Sep-2022
          NumTrials: 1000
      RandomNumbers: []
              Model: [1x1 finmodel.BlackScholes]
       DividendType: "continuous"
      DividendValue: 0

Price Lookback Instrument

Use price to compute the price and sensitivities for the Lookback instrument.

[Price, outPR] = price(outPricer,LookbackOpt,["all"])

Price = 1.8553

outPR = 
  priceresult with properties:

       Results: [1x7 table]
    PricerData: [1x1 struct]

outPR.Results

ans=1×7 table
    Price       Delta        Gamma       Lambda       Rho       Theta       Vega 
    ______    _________    __________    _______    _______    ________    ______

    1.8553    -0.040442    0.00062792    -4.3596    -39.426    -0.71345    42.311

Price Lookback Instrument Using a Bates Model and Asset Monte-Carlo Pricer

This example shows the workflow to price a LookBack instrument when you use a Bates model and an AssetMonetCarlo pricing method.

Create Lookback Instrument Object

Use fininstrument to create a Lookback instrument object.

LookbackOpt = fininstrument("Lookback",'Strike',105,'ExerciseDate',datetime(2022,9,15),'OptionType',"put",'ExerciseStyle',"european",'Name',"lookback_option")

LookbackOpt = 
  Lookback with properties:

       OptionType: "put"
           Strike: 105
      AssetMinMax: NaN
    ExerciseStyle: "european"
     ExerciseDate: 15-Sep-2022
             Name: "lookback_option"

Create Bates Model Object

Use finmodel to create a Bates model object.

BatesModel = finmodel("Bates",'V0',0.032,'ThetaV',0.1,'Kappa',0.003,'SigmaV',0.2,'RhoSV',0.9,'MeanJ',0.11,'JumpVol',.023,'JumpFreq',0.02)

BatesModel = 
  Bates with properties:

          V0: 0.0320
      ThetaV: 0.1000
       Kappa: 0.0030
      SigmaV: 0.2000
       RhoSV: 0.9000
       MeanJ: 0.1100
     JumpVol: 0.0230
    JumpFreq: 0.0200

Create ratecurve Object

Create a flat ratecurve object using ratecurve.

Settle = datetime(2018,9,15);
Maturity = datetime(2023,9,15);
Rate = 0.035;
myRC = ratecurve('zero',Settle,Maturity,Rate,'Basis',12)

myRC = 
  ratecurve with properties:

                 Type: "zero"
          Compounding: -1
                Basis: 12
                Dates: 15-Sep-2023
                Rates: 0.0350
               Settle: 15-Sep-2018
         InterpMethod: "linear"
    ShortExtrapMethod: "next"
     LongExtrapMethod: "previous"

Create AssetMonteCarlo Pricer Object

Use finpricer to create an AssetMonteCarlo pricer object and use the ratecurve object for the 'DiscountCurve' name-value pair argument.

outPricer = finpricer("AssetMonteCarlo",'DiscountCurve',myRC,"Model",BatesModel,'SpotPrice',100,'simulationDates',datetime(2022,9,15))

outPricer = 
  BatesMonteCarlo with properties:

      DiscountCurve: [1x1 ratecurve]
          SpotPrice: 100
    SimulationDates: 15-Sep-2022
          NumTrials: 1000
      RandomNumbers: []
              Model: [1x1 finmodel.Bates]
       DividendType: "continuous"
      DividendValue: 0

Price Lookback Instrument

Use price to compute the price and sensitivities for the Lookback instrument.

[Price, outPR] = price(outPricer,LookbackOpt,["all"])

Price = 7.3592

outPR = 
  priceresult with properties:

       Results: [1x8 table]
    PricerData: [1x1 struct]

outPR.Results

ans=1×8 table
    Price      Delta         Gamma       Lambda       Rho        Theta       Vega     VegaLT 
    ______    ________    ___________    _______    _______    _________    ______    _______

    7.3592    -0.83923    -3.5527e-15    -11.404    -29.431    -0.030786    31.941    0.71394

More About

Lookback Option

A lookback option is a path-dependent option based on the maximum or minimum value the underlying asset achieves during the entire life of the option.

Financial Instruments Toolbox™ software supports two types of lookback options: fixed and floating. Fixed lookback options have a specified strike price, while floating lookback options have a strike price determined by the asset path. For more information, see Lookback Option.