resultant

Resultant of two polynomials

Syntax

resultant(p,q)

resultant(p,q,var)

Description

resultant(p,q) returns the resultant of the polynomials p and q with respect to the variable found by symvar.

resultant(p,q,var) returns the resultant with respect to the variable var.

Examples

Resultant of Two Polynomials

Find the resultant of two polynomials.

syms x y
p = x^2+y;
q = x-2*y;
resultant(p,q)

ans =
4*y^2 + y

Find the resultant with respect to a specific variable by using the third argument.

resultant(p,q,y)

ans =
2*x^2 + x

Solve Polynomial Equations in Two Variables

If two polynomials have a common root, then the resultant must be 0 at that root. Solve polynomial equations in two variables by calculating the resultant with respect to one variable, and solving the resultant for the other variable.

First, calculate the resultant of two polynomials with respect to x to return a polynomial in y.

syms x y
p = y^3 - 2*x^2 + 3*x*y;
q = x^3 + 2*y^2 - 5*x^2*y;
res = resultant(p,q,x)

res =
y^9 - 35*y^8 + 44*y^6 + 126*y^5 - 32*y^4

Solve the resultant for y values of the roots. Avoid numerical roundoff errors by solving equations symbolically using the solve function. solve represents the solutions symbolically by using root.

yRoots = solve(res)

yRoots =
                                              0
                                              0
                                              0
                                              0
 root(z^5 - 35*z^4 + 44*z^2 + 126*z - 32, z, 1)
 root(z^5 - 35*z^4 + 44*z^2 + 126*z - 32, z, 2)
 root(z^5 - 35*z^4 + 44*z^2 + 126*z - 32, z, 3)
 root(z^5 - 35*z^4 + 44*z^2 + 126*z - 32, z, 4)
 root(z^5 - 35*z^4 + 44*z^2 + 126*z - 32, z, 5)

Calculate numeric values by using vpa.

vpa(yRoots)

ans =
                                                                         0
                                                                         0
                                                                         0
                                                                         0
                                        0.23545637976581197505601615070637
 - 0.98628744767074109264070992415511 - 1.1027291033304653904984097788422i
 - 0.98628744767074109264070992415511 + 1.1027291033304653904984097788422i
                                         1.7760440932430169904041045113342
                                          34.96107442233265321982129918627

Assume that you want to investigate the fifth root. For the fifth root, calculate the x value by substituting the y value into p and q. Then simultaneously solve the polynomials for x. Avoid numerical roundoff errors by solving equations symbolically using solve.

eqns = subs([p q], y, yRoots(5));
xRoot5 = solve(eqns,x);

Calculate the numeric value of the fifth root by using vpa.

root5 = vpa([xRoot5 yRoots(5)])

root5 =
[ 0.37078716473998365045397220797284, 0.23545637976581197505601615070637]

Verify that the root is correct by substituting root5 into p and q. The result is 0 within roundoff error.

subs([p q],[x y],root5)

ans =
[ -6.313690360861895794753956010471e-41, -9.1835496157991211560057541970488e-41]

Input Arguments

p — Polynomial

symbolic expression | symbolic function

Polynomial, specified as a symbolic expression or function.

q — Polynomial

symbolic expression | symbolic function

Polynomial, specified as a symbolic expression or function.

var — Variable

symbolic variable

Variable, specified as a symbolic variable.