Implements IEEE type AC1A excitation system model
Simscape / Electrical / Specialized Power Systems / Electrical Machines / Synchronous Machine Control
This block models an ac alternator driving a diode rectifier to produce the field voltage Vf required by the Synchronous Machine block. A non-controlled voltage regulator provides a voltage in p.u. with a lower limit of zero imposed by the diode rectifier.
This block is an adaptation of the AC1A excitation system of the IEEE® 421 standard, copyright IEEE 2005, all rights reserved.
The time constant Tr of the first-order system representing
the stator terminal voltage transducer. Default is 20e-3
.
The gain Ka and time constant Ta of the first-order system representing
the main regulator. Default is [400 0.02]
.
The voltage regulator internal limits VAmin and VAmax, in p.u.
Default is [-14.5 14.5]
.
The voltage regulator output limits VRmin and VRmax, in p.u.
Default is [-5.43 6.03]
.
The gain Kf and time constant Tf of the first-order system representing
the derivative feedback. Default is [0.03 1.0]
.
The time constants Tb and Tc of the first-order system representing
the lead-lag compensator. Default is [0 0]
.
The gain Ke and time constant Te of the first-order system representing
the exciter. Default is [1.0 0.80]
.
The exciter saturation function is defined as a multiplier of
exciter alternator output voltage to represent the increase in exciter
excitation requirements due to saturation [1]. The saturation function
is determined by specifying two voltage points,Ve1 and Ve2 in p.u.,
on the air-gap line and no-load saturation curve and providing the
corresponding two saturation multipliers SeVe1 and SeVe2. Default
is [4.18 3.14]
.
Typically, the voltage Ve1 is a value near the expected exciter maximum output voltage, Ve2 value is about 75% of Ve1 [1].
The exciter saturation function is defined as a multiplier of
exciter alternator output voltage to represent the increase in exciter
excitation requirements due to saturation [1]. The saturation function
is determined by specifying two voltage points, Ve1 and Ve2 in p.u.,
on the air-gap line and no-load saturation curve and providing the
corresponding two saturation multipliers SeVe1 and SeVe2. Default
is [0.10 0.03]
.
SeVe1 and SeVe2 multipliers are equal to C-B / B, C is the value of exciter field current on the no-load saturation curve corresponding to the specified Ve voltage, and B is the value of exciter field current on the air-gap line corresponding to the selected Ve voltage [1].
If you do not want to model the saturation effect, set SeVe1 and SeVe2 values to zero.
The gain Kd represents the demagnetizing factor, a function
of exciter alternator reactances. Default is 0.38
.
The gain Kc represents the rectifier loading factor proportional
to the commutating reactance. Default is 0.20
.
The initial values of terminal voltage Vt0 and field voltage
Efd0, both in p.u. Initial terminal voltage is normally set to 1 pu.
The Vt0 and Efd0 values can be determined using the Powergui Load
Flow tool. Default is [1 1]
.
Specify a value greater than zero to discretize the block at
the given sample time. Set to -1 to inherit the simulation type and
sample time parameters of the Powergui block. Default
is 0
.
The reference value of the stator terminal voltage, in p.u.
The measured value in p.u. of the stator terminal voltage of the controlled Synchronous Machine block.
The measured value in p.u. of the stator field current of the controlled Synchronous Machine block.
Connect this input to a power system stabilizer to provide additional stabilization of power system oscillations. When you do not use this option, connect to a Simulink® ground block. The input is in p.u.
The field voltage to apply to the Vf
input
of the controlled Synchronous Machine block. The output
is in p.u.
The power_machines
example contains a Configurable
Subsystem block that allows you to select between seven types
of excitation systems to control the terminal voltage of the Synchronous
Machine block. This configurable block refers to the power_machines_lib
example
library that contains seven pretuned excitation system blocks that
fit simulation requirements for this example.
Right-click the EXCITATION configurable block, then select AC1A from the Block Choice menu to control the Synchronous Machine block using the AC1A Excitation System block.
[1] “IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power System Stability Studies.” IEEE Standard, Vol. 421, No. 5, 2005 (Revision of IEEE 521.5-1992).