# Documentation

### This is machine translation

Translated by
Mouseover text to see original. Click the button below to return to the English verison of the page.

# lp2lp

Change cutoff frequency for lowpass analog filter

## Syntax

```[bt,at] = lp2lp(b,a,Wo) [At,Bt,Ct,Dt] = lp2lp(A,B,C,D,Wo) ```

## Description

`lp2lp` transforms an analog lowpass filter prototype with a cutoff angular frequency of 1 rad/s into a lowpass filter with any specified cutoff angular frequency. The transformation is one step in the digital filter design process for the `butter`, `cheby1`, `cheby2`, and `ellip` functions.

The `lp2lp` function can perform the transformation on two different linear system representations: transfer function form and state-space form. In both cases, the input system must be an analog filter prototype.

### Transfer Function Form (Polynomial)

`[bt,at] = lp2lp(b,a,Wo)` transforms an analog lowpass filter prototype given by polynomial coefficients into a lowpass filter with cutoff angular frequency `Wo`. Row vectors `b` and `a` specify the coefficients of the numerator and denominator of the prototype in descending powers of s.

`$\frac{B\left(s\right)}{A\left(s\right)}=\frac{b\left(1\right){s}^{n}+\cdots +b\left(n\right)s+b\left(n+1\right)}{a\left(1\right){s}^{m}+\cdots +a\left(m\right)s+a\left(m+1\right)}$`

Scalar `Wo` specifies the cutoff angular frequency in units of radians/second. `lp2lp` returns the frequency transformed filter in row vectors `bt` and `at`.

### State-Space Form

`[At,Bt,Ct,Dt] = lp2lp(A,B,C,D,Wo)` converts the continuous-time state-space lowpass filter prototype in matrices `A`, `B`, `C`, `D` below

`$\begin{array}{l}\stackrel{˙}{x}=Ax+Bu\\ y=Cx+Du\end{array}$`

into a lowpass filter with cutoff angular frequency `Wo`. `lp2lp` returns the lowpass filter in matrices `At`, `Bt`, `Ct`, `Dt`.

## Algorithms

`lp2lp` is a highly accurate state-space formulation of the classic analog filter frequency transformation. If a lowpass filter is to have cutoff angular frequency ω0, the standard s-domain transformation is

`$s=p/{\omega }_{0}$`

The state-space version of this transformation is

```At = Wo*A; Bt = Wo*B; Ct = C; Dt = D; ```

See `lp2bp` for a derivation of the bandpass version of this transformation.