{"group":{"id":1,"name":"Community","lockable":false,"created_at":"2012-01-18T18:02:15.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-14T01:33:56.000Z","description":"Problems submitted by members of the MATLAB Central community.","is_default":true,"created_by":161519,"badge_id":null,"featured":false,"trending":false,"solution_count_in_trending_period":0,"trending_last_calculated":"2025-12-14T00:00:00.000Z","image_id":null,"published":true,"community_created":false,"status_id":2,"is_default_group_for_player":false,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"restored_by":null,"restored_at":null,"description_opc":null,"description_html":null,"published_at":null},"problems":[{"id":55070,"title":"Caesar Cipher Shift","description":"Given a word and its encrypted version using the caesar cipher, find the shift used.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 10.5px; transform-origin: 407px 10.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven a word and its encrypted version using the caesar cipher, find the shift used.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function n = shift(d, e)\r\n n = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nd = 'Hello'\r\ne = 'Mjqqt'\r\nn_correct = 5;\r\nassert(isequal(shift(d, e), n_correct))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":2,"created_by":2446480,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":17,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-07-13T07:49:24.000Z","updated_at":"2026-02-10T08:53:18.000Z","published_at":"2022-07-13T07:49:24.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a word and its encrypted version using the caesar cipher, find the shift used.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":1151,"title":"Decrypt Polybius ","description":"Decrypt Polybius square. Please refer to Problem 1150 Polybius Square.\r\ninput [13 33 14 51] output 'cody';\r\ninput [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12] returns 'i love matlab'.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 81px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 40.5px; transform-origin: 407px 40.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 129.5px 8px; transform-origin: 129.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eDecrypt Polybius square. Please refer to \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"/#null\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eProblem 1150 Polybius Square.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 103.5px 8px; transform-origin: 103.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einput [13 33 14 51] output 'cody';\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 211.5px 8px; transform-origin: 211.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einput [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12] returns 'i love matlab'.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function y = decrypt_polybius(x)\r\n y = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = [13 33 14 51];\r\ny_correct = 'cody';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12] ;\r\ny_correct = 'i love matlab';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = [34 33 26 51 12 23 43 41];\r\ny_correct = 'polybius';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = [31 11 42 22 45 33 36 25 41 0 31 11 14 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12];\r\ny_correct = 'mathworks made matlab';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = [51 33 0 41 43 34];\r\ny_correct = 'yo sup';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":8703,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":35,"test_suite_updated_at":"2021-07-18T13:37:06.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2012-12-30T14:26:09.000Z","updated_at":"2025-08-14T15:41:08.000Z","published_at":"2012-12-30T14:26:09.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDecrypt Polybius square. Please refer to \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eProblem 1150 Polybius Square.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einput [13 33 14 51] output 'cody';\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einput [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12] returns 'i love matlab'.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":45282,"title":"Cryptography with A Square Matrix : Decoding","description":"Previous Problem: Cryptography with A Square Matrix : Encoding\r\nNow decode a double vector to a (hopefully!) meaningful text.\r\nInputs are encoded vector and key matrix.\r\n encodedVector = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\r\n\r\n key = magic(3);\r\ninverse of key\r\n inverseKey = [0.147222222222222 -0.144444444444444 0.0638888888888889\r\n -0.0611111111111111 0.0222222222222222 0.105555555555556\r\n -0.0194444444444445 0.188888888888889 -0.102777777777778];\r\nReshape encodedVector so it has the same number of rows with key\r\n reshapedVector = [1665 1549 486 1503 1192;\r\n 1624 1495 510 1552 747;\r\n 1541 1501 534 1595 836];\r\nMultiply inverseKey and reshapedVector, round it and reshape it;\r\n messageVector = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121 32 32];\r\nchar equivalent of message vector is 'matlab \u0026 cody'","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 449.333px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 224.667px; transform-origin: 407px 224.667px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 57.5px 8px; transform-origin: 57.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePrevious Problem:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45279-cryptography-with-a-square-matrix-encoding\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCryptography with A Square Matrix : Encoding\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 193px 8px; transform-origin: 193px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eNow decode a double vector to a (hopefully!) meaningful text.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 31.5px 8px; transform-origin: 31.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eInputs are\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8px; transform-origin: 56px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eencoded vector\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 14px 8px; transform-origin: 14px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 12px 8px; transform-origin: 12px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ekey\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 22.5px 8px; transform-origin: 22.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e matrix.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 61.3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 30.65px; transform-origin: 404px 30.65px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 360px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 360px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e encodedVector = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 72px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 72px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e key = magic(3);\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 31px 8px; transform-origin: 31px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einverse of\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 12px 8px; transform-origin: 12px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ekey\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 61.3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 30.65px; transform-origin: 404px 30.65px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 288px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 288px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e inverseKey = [0.147222222222222 -0.144444444444444 0.0638888888888889\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 284px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 284px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e -0.0611111111111111 0.0222222222222222 0.105555555555556\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 292px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 292px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e -0.0194444444444445 0.188888888888889 -0.102777777777778];\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 28.5px 8px; transform-origin: 28.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eReshape\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 53.5px 8px; transform-origin: 53.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eencodedVector\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 124px 8px; transform-origin: 124px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e so it has the same number of rows with\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 12px 8px; transform-origin: 12px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ekey\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 61.3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 30.65px; transform-origin: 404px 30.65px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 180px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 180px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e reshapedVector = [1665 1549 486 1503 1192;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 176px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 176px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e 1624 1495 510 1552 747;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 180px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 180px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e 1541 1501 534 1595 836];\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 23.5px 8px; transform-origin: 23.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMultiply\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 40px 8px; transform-origin: 40px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003einverseKey\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 14px 8px; transform-origin: 14px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8px; transform-origin: 56px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ereshapedVector\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 77.5px 8px; transform-origin: 77.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, round it and reshape it;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 280px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 280px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e messageVector = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121 32 32];\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 165px 8px; transform-origin: 165px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003echar equivalent of message vector is 'matlab \u0026amp; cody'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function hopefullyMeaningfulText = decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix)\r\n\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nencodedVector = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 1013 1351 1221 1426 1153 886 1714 1680 1586 480 480 480];\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(3);\r\ny_correct = 'matlab and cody';\r\nassert(isequal(decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [6829 6941 7028 6905 6877 6043 5432 6941 6575 6469 3236 3644 2352 2760 2828];\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(5);\r\ny_correct = 'hello world';\r\nassert(isequal(decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [10923 12101 13961 10519 10823 12582 5974 11814 12207 5786 11120 11328 5574 10458 10625 10134 11738 13359 5710 10858 11017 9815 11533 13372 8501 8231 11476 10488 10848 12497 5890 11490 11781 5408 10098 10453 10858 11252 13568 10196 11470 13008 9790 10816 12582 8438 4418 6724 11085 11329 13084 10447 11693 13320 5616 10838 11359 5686 10890 11193 8802 7250 10343 11099 11859 13746 9094 7344 7717 9320 7584 7900 9299 7501 10795 9881 10711 12227 3300 4116 4898];\r\nkeyMatrix = [14 20 63; 54 46 5; 71 27 24];\r\ny_correct = 'stockout is an order that cannot be satisfied, resulting in a loss of the sale.';\r\nassert(isequal(decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [12269 11674 18982 12603 13111 18355 12051 12649 17959 6268 6567 14425 12171 11931 19559 6437 6969 15532 13056 12433 19898 5997 6612 14365 13705 13052 20746 11931 12436 17537 13161 12943 21233 5903 6679 14472 13679 11112 14066 13245 12765 20292 6054 7203 15871 13495 12716 19961 11148 11975 18284 3904 3776 5984];\r\nkeyMatrix = [7 92 23; 34 77 7; 89 66 32 ];\r\ny_correct = 'dasiy is a small white flower with a yellow centre.';\r\nassert(isequal(decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [11887 11494 18292 13583 12983 20497 12614 11975 19214 12529 9978 13458 11678 9327 12770 11425 9250 12418 13964 13138 20021 12986 12973 20645 13025 12806 20806 6267 6981 15454 5935 6625 14358 14067 13645 21715 13128 12874 20305 6295 7117 15810 12321 12283 19978 12114 12955 18760 12611 12631 20292 5987 7087 15540 12483 10160 13146 13880 13463 20776 12455 11733 18879 13630 13463 21169 6134 7068 15586 11995 12377 17247 13825 13363 21044 13068 12596 20311 10643 11358 16613 13548 12813 20052 11747 9495 12680 14027 13493 20760 13978 13059 20385 11816 9369 12962 13357 10720 13990 10791 11707 17391 14146 13289 20512 13630 13463 21169 11655 9467 12552 11162 12043 18462 3904 3776 5984];\r\nkeyMatrix = [7 92 23; 34 77 7; 89 66 32 ];\r\ndecodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [23314 25294 21847 18481 14593 16573 17959 19939 21334];\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(9);\r\ndecodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":4,"created_by":8703,"edited_by":223089,"edited_at":"2022-12-28T13:35:31.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":11,"test_suite_updated_at":"2022-12-28T13:35:31.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2020-01-28T08:55:42.000Z","updated_at":"2025-06-15T06:19:47.000Z","published_at":"2020-01-28T08:56:34.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrevious Problem:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45279-cryptography-with-a-square-matrix-encoding\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCryptography with A Square Matrix : Encoding\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNow decode a double vector to a (hopefully!) meaningful text.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eInputs are\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eencoded vector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e matrix.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ encodedVector = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\\n\\n key = magic(3);]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einverse of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ inverseKey = [0.147222222222222 -0.144444444444444 0.0638888888888889\\n -0.0611111111111111 0.0222222222222222 0.105555555555556\\n -0.0194444444444445 0.188888888888889 -0.102777777777778];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eReshape\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eencodedVector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e so it has the same number of rows with\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ reshapedVector = [1665 1549 486 1503 1192;\\n 1624 1495 510 1552 747;\\n 1541 1501 534 1595 836];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMultiply\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einverseKey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ereshapedVector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, round it and reshape it;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ messageVector = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121 32 32];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echar equivalent of message vector is 'matlab \u0026amp; cody'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":1150,"title":"Polybius Square","description":"Given a string, calculate the coordinates. Input will be always in lowercase. If string is a sentence then use 0 (zero) to indicate the space between words.\r\n 1 2 3 4 5 6\r\n1 a b c d e f \r\n2 g h i j k l\r\n3 m n o p q r\r\n4 s t u v w x\r\n5 y z\r\ninput 'cody' returns [13 33 14 51] and\r\ninput 'i love matlab' returns [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12].\r\nFor more information refer to. Please note that another colum (6th column) is added in order to seperate letter i and letter j. That means table in this question is different from reference page.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 286.6px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 143.3px; transform-origin: 407px 143.3px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 368.5px 8px; transform-origin: 368.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven a string, calculate the coordinates. Input will be always in lowercase. If string is a sentence then use 0 (zero) to indicate the space between words.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 122.6px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 61.3px; transform-origin: 404px 61.3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); 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border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 60px 8.5px; transform-origin: 60px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e1 a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 40px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 40px 8.5px; \"\u003eb c d e f \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8.5px; transform-origin: 56px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e2 g \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003eh i j k l\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8.5px; transform-origin: 56px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e3 m \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003en o p q r\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8.5px; transform-origin: 56px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e4 s \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003et u v w x\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 24px 8.5px; transform-origin: 24px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e5 y \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003ez\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 118px 8px; transform-origin: 118px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einput 'cody' returns [13 33 14 51] and\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 211.5px 8px; transform-origin: 211.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einput 'i love matlab' returns [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12].\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 66px 8px; transform-origin: 66px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor more information\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"/#null\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003erefer to\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 293px 8px; transform-origin: 293px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. Please note that another colum (6th column) is added in order to seperate letter i and letter j. That means table in this question is different from reference page.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function y = polybius(x)\r\n y = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = 'do not cheat';\r\ny_correct = [14 33 0 32 33 42 0 13 22 15 11 42];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = 'cody';\r\ny_correct = [13 33 14 51];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = 'polybius';\r\ny_correct = [34 33 26 51 12 23 43 41];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = 'i love matlab';\r\ny_correct = [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = 'covid is a deadly virus';\r\ny_correct = [13 33 44 23 14 0 23 41 0 11 0 14 15 11 14 26 51 0 44 23 36 43 41];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":8703,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":43,"test_suite_updated_at":"2021-07-18T13:42:32.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2012-12-30T13:33:11.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-16T11:33:34.000Z","published_at":"2012-12-30T14:03:05.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a string, calculate the coordinates. Input will be always in lowercase. If string is a sentence then use 0 (zero) to indicate the space between words.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ 1 2 3 4 5 6\\n1 a b c d e f \\n2 g h i j k l\\n3 m n o p q r\\n4 s t u v w x\\n5 y z]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einput 'cody' returns [13 33 14 51] and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einput 'i love matlab' returns [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12].\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor more information\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003erefer to\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Please note that another colum (6th column) is added in order to seperate letter i and letter j. That means table in this question is different from reference page.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":54835,"title":"Caesar Cipher","description":"Given a input word x and a shift n, encrypt the word with caesar cipher of shift n.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 10.5px; transform-origin: 407px 10.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven a input word x and a shift n, encrypt the word with caesar cipher of shift n.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function y = caesar_cipher(x, n)\r\n y = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = 'Hello';\r\nn = 5;\r\ny_correct = 'Mjqqt';\r\nassert(isequal(caesar_cipher(x, n), y_correct))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":1,"created_by":2446480,"edited_by":2446480,"edited_at":"2022-07-12T12:55:35.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":11,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-07-12T12:55:13.000Z","updated_at":"2022-07-12T12:55:35.000Z","published_at":"2022-07-12T12:55:35.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a input word x and a shift n, encrypt the word with caesar cipher of shift n.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":751,"title":"Implement simple rotation cypher","description":"If given a letter from the set:\r\n\r\n [abc...xyz]\r\n\r\nand a shift, implement a shift cypher.\r\n\r\nExample:\r\n\r\n 'abc' \r\n\r\nwith a shift of -1 yields\r\n\r\n 'zab'\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eIf given a letter from the set:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003e[abc...xyz]\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eand a shift, implement a shift cypher.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExample:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003e'abc' \r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith a shift of -1 yields\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003e'zab'\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function outStr = cypher(inStr, shift)\r\n outStr = inStr;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\ninStr = 'doug';\r\nshift = 10;\r\noutStr = 'nyeq';\r\n\r\nassert(isequal(cypher(inStr, shift),outStr))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninStr = 'thequickbrownfox';\r\nshift = 5;\r\noutStr = 'ymjvznhpgwtbsktc';\r\n\r\nassert(isequal(cypher(inStr, shift),outStr))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninStr = 'thecrowfliesatmidnight';\r\nshift = 22;\r\noutStr = 'pdaynksbheaowpiezjecdp';\r\n\r\nassert(isequal(cypher(inStr, shift),outStr))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":13,"comments_count":2,"created_by":240,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":1096,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":6,"created_at":"2012-06-06T15:38:43.000Z","updated_at":"2026-02-19T13:12:57.000Z","published_at":"2012-06-08T19:08:23.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf given a letter from the set:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[[abc...xyz]]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand a shift, implement a shift cypher.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eExample:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA['abc']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewith a shift of -1 yields\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA['zab']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":61050,"title":"Generate Secret Key for Cryptography ","description":"From a seed file (code.wav), decode the audio file (Bell 202 format at 200 bits/sec) into a binary stream and then convert the binary stream into a decimal vector (uint8) that should be hashed using SHA - 224, 256, 384, or 514 based on the function input. Output the hexadecimal hash (in lower case). ","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.440001px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 344px 31.5px; transform-origin: 344px 31.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 321px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 321px 31.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFrom a seed file (code.wav), decode the audio file (Bell 202 format at 200 bits/sec) into a binary stream and then convert the binary stream into a decimal vector (uint8) that should be hashed using SHA - 224, 256, 384, or 514 based on the function input. Output the hexadecimal hash (in lower case). \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function s = generateSecretKey(d)\r\ns='ab13';\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\ndropboxLink = 'https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/9g51et5mg6oir3rzckgmq/code.wav?rlkey=kujbm4wvj8k8n2fsav36ie3fo\u0026st=udr92tru\u0026dl=1';\r\nwebsave('code.wav', dropboxLink);\r\nassert(isequal('9b9011a6f9075acc3bf9aa9d58f117d2a457df1ad4c1fc800654ed4728699654',generateSecretKey(256)));\r\nassert(isequal('b4d6dfe609125ee60a481568d23ecdd0394ee272b50ef9e901c8d3610fbf64dad79ef569607864da83b635b590edf2a82a7d300fb37f9a61664d05b1445dc3a9',generateSecretKey(512)));\r\nassert(isequal('125da2fb2c851a0ec8d1feb68e5f6b7c5e951b809e3b58400c955840',generateSecretKey(224)));\r\nassert(isequal('fa4391ce471e89fc5232aa0aa9d8ed70738fc526029370f09fd9cb4d7439e8825aeacba72ea65a6109b7a964ae4cf114',generateSecretKey(384)));\r\n%%\r\ndropboxLink = 'https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/ezhpy2a6u9tel2v53pdco/code1.wav?rlkey=5yg3bx0dqochp2jcalvzjs1ws\u0026st=d5ekkeuw\u0026dl=1';\r\nwebsave('code.wav', dropboxLink);\r\nassert(isequal('1fd510e7e4777fd25aa2b75468ea9949fac17fa43004c92c8f906da57a0856a2',generateSecretKey(256)));\r\nassert(isequal('48132c1a6789a3a4c161436fd9b09353767a8dad70c90f7c37bd8fe89a15cad3d961ac2c0fe594fe951ede62dca77cff4a67668bd0d35091b60ad46e547dd883',generateSecretKey(512)));\r\nassert(isequal('de27d369a5ecf458537c39fac1d7a3d5d075dfbbd251caa110a1340d',generateSecretKey(224)));\r\nassert(isequal('0e3d5fb4ec12cd4cc97d1c272afa8c3d280d1626727f4366ce41acd0ece2aeeee6357bd29aa6833b18f75a9744766fb6',generateSecretKey(384)));\r\n%%\r\ndropboxLink = 'https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/a2tmz2axfex2sxa1pm4f6/code2.wav?rlkey=4p50pxytoyudkgv27hnskhamr\u0026st=eocw0ote\u0026dl=1';\r\nwebsave('code.wav', dropboxLink);\r\nassert(isequal('689dd116f955d1489ae5a0b82731e8f641de70366cf153c273a5aceb0bce882d',generateSecretKey(256)));\r\nassert(isequal('0bdbb0437718cf66746eaeb083217127a165f3cb4fed63132859cf1dcc79b78ac7997d00d6460e2b9853980de69ee7819a1605488ece34c84efbfa790cad516e',generateSecretKey(512)));\r\nassert(isequal('1fc1b7790c3bc1e2f7d292befca59d5f553e272898691e37d5d68b98',generateSecretKey(224)));\r\nassert(isequal('61e71c53762b02af99b8b4b212dc4cd78ba71750ab97927d52d2d63f36fbdb26e1e203b32b87867b1e8c0ac44de2531a',generateSecretKey(384)));\r\n%%\r\n\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":2,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":145982,"edited_at":"2025-10-27T11:40:10.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":2,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-10-25T00:11:13.000Z","updated_at":"2026-02-26T14:02:17.000Z","published_at":"2025-10-25T00:11:13.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFrom a seed file (code.wav), decode the audio file (Bell 202 format at 200 bits/sec) into a binary stream and then convert the binary stream into a decimal vector (uint8) that should be hashed using SHA - 224, 256, 384, or 514 based on the function input. Output the hexadecimal hash (in lower case). \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":1953,"title":"Simple Caesar Cypher - shift encrypt a message given an index number","description":"A Caesar cypher is a simple shift encryption method. Your goal is to create a function that allows a user to input a string and a shift index and outputs the shifted cypher-text as a string.\r\n\r\nThe shift index is an integer that tells the encryption method how many letters to shift each letter in the message forward. For example, a shift index of 3 will shift the letter \"a\" to be \"d\", \"b\" to be \"e\" and so on. In this problem we will just use the 26 lowercase letters in the english alphabet, and any capital letters in the message should be converted to lowercase. The ordering of letters will wrap around after \"z\", so that a \"y\" shifted by 3 will become a \"b\".\r\n\r\nAny integer number (positive, negative, and of any magnitude) should be acceptable as the shift index.\r\n\r\nExamples:\r\n\r\ncaesarShift('zebra',7) --\u003e 'gliyh'\r\n\r\ncaesarShift('LiOn',-5) --\u003e 'gdji'","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eA Caesar cypher is a simple shift encryption method. Your goal is to create a function that allows a user to input a string and a shift index and outputs the shifted cypher-text as a string.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe shift index is an integer that tells the encryption method how many letters to shift each letter in the message forward. For example, a shift index of 3 will shift the letter \"a\" to be \"d\", \"b\" to be \"e\" and so on. In this problem we will just use the 26 lowercase letters in the english alphabet, and any capital letters in the message should be converted to lowercase. The ordering of letters will wrap around after \"z\", so that a \"y\" shifted by 3 will become a \"b\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAny integer number (positive, negative, and of any magnitude) should be acceptable as the shift index.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExamples:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecaesarShift('zebra',7) --\u003e 'gliyh'\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecaesarShift('LiOn',-5) --\u003e 'gdji'\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function cyphertext = caesarShift(message, shift)\r\ncyphertext=message;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nmessage = 'elephant';\r\nshift = 45;\r\ncorrect = 'xexiatgm';\r\nassert(isequal(caesarShift(message,shift),correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nmessage = 'TiGEr';\r\nshift = -537;\r\nanswer = 'crpna';\r\nassert(isequal(caesarShift(message,shift),answer))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nmessage = 'gozoaobrsf'\r\nshift = 12;\r\nanswer = 'salamander';\r\nassert(isequal(caesarShift(message,shift),answer))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":6,"comments_count":1,"created_by":15293,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":110,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":28,"created_at":"2013-10-21T17:12:02.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-06T20:51:45.000Z","published_at":"2013-10-21T17:12:02.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA Caesar cypher is a simple shift encryption method. Your goal is to create a function that allows a user to input a string and a shift index and outputs the shifted cypher-text as a string.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe shift index is an integer that tells the encryption method how many letters to shift each letter in the message forward. For example, a shift index of 3 will shift the letter \\\"a\\\" to be \\\"d\\\", \\\"b\\\" to be \\\"e\\\" and so on. In this problem we will just use the 26 lowercase letters in the english alphabet, and any capital letters in the message should be converted to lowercase. The ordering of letters will wrap around after \\\"z\\\", so that a \\\"y\\\" shifted by 3 will become a \\\"b\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eAny integer number (positive, negative, and of any magnitude) should be acceptable as the shift index.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eExamples:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecaesarShift('zebra',7) --\u003e 'gliyh'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecaesarShift('LiOn',-5) --\u003e 'gdji'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":45279,"title":"Cryptography with A Square Matrix : Encoding","description":"Matrix inverse operation can be used to encode or decode of a message. For example \r\n\r\n text = 'matlab \u0026 cody'. \r\n\r\nnumeric equivalent is \r\n\r\n num = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121]\r\n\r\n\r\nlet \r\n\r\n key = magic(3);\r\n\r\n\r\n*key* is an arbitrary square matrix and its inverse is exist. \r\n\r\nreshape the vector *num* so it has the same number of rows with *key* matrix\r\n\r\n numMatrix = [109 108 32 99 121;\r\n 97 97 38 111 32;\r\n 116 98 32 100 32];\r\n\r\nNote that last two elements are filled with 32 which is the numeric equivalent of blank character ' '.\r\n\r\nFinally multiply *key* with *numMatrix* (and reshape it) to obtain an encoded vector.\r\n\r\n encodedVector= [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\r\n\r\nif you multiply *inverse of key* with reshaped *encodedVector* you can obtain the ascii numbers of secret message.\r\n\r\nNext Problem : \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45282-cyrptography-with-a-square-matrix-decoding Cryptography with A Square Matrix : Decoding\u003e\r\n\r\nInspired from:\r\n\r\nBarnett, R.A., Ziegler, M.R. and Byleen, K.E. (2015). Finite Mathematics for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences. Pearson, 13th (Global) Edition. p:245-247.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eMatrix inverse operation can be used to encode or decode of a message. For example\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e text = 'matlab \u0026 cody'. \u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003enumeric equivalent is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e num = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121]\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003elet\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e key = magic(3);\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ekey\u003c/b\u003e is an arbitrary square matrix and its inverse is exist.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereshape the vector \u003cb\u003enum\u003c/b\u003e so it has the same number of rows with \u003cb\u003ekey\u003c/b\u003e matrix\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e numMatrix = [109 108 32 99 121;\r\n 97 97 38 111 32;\r\n 116 98 32 100 32];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eNote that last two elements are filled with 32 which is the numeric equivalent of blank character ' '.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally multiply \u003cb\u003ekey\u003c/b\u003e with \u003cb\u003enumMatrix\u003c/b\u003e (and reshape it) to obtain an encoded vector.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e encodedVector= [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eif you multiply \u003cb\u003einverse of key\u003c/b\u003e with reshaped \u003cb\u003eencodedVector\u003c/b\u003e you can obtain the ascii numbers of secret message.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext Problem : \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45282-cyrptography-with-a-square-matrix-decoding\"\u003eCryptography with A Square Matrix : Decoding\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInspired from:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBarnett, R.A., Ziegler, M.R. and Byleen, K.E. (2015). Finite Mathematics for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences. Pearson, 13th (Global) Edition. p:245-247.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function encodedVector = encodeMessage(inputString,keyMatrix)\r\n\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\ninputString = 'matlab and cody';\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(3);\r\ny_correct = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 1013 1351 1221 1426 1153 886 1714 1680 1586 480 480 480];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = 'matlab and cody'\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(5);\r\ny_correct = [6616 6868 6820 7017 6934 4911 6233 6245 5817 5199 5646 5344 6827 6080 6198 2080 2080 2080 2080 2080];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = 'Hello worlD!!';\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(3);\r\ny_correct = [1325 1477 1413 1167 1103 1495 1747 1710 1703 1130 895 1110 488 483 484];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = 'Hello worlD!!'\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(5);\r\ny_correct = [6285 6205 6900 6585 6525 6043 5432 6941 6575 6469 2717 2920 2243 2471 2519];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = 'What a wonderful day!'\r\nkeyMatrix = [41 6; 46 46];\r\ny_correct = [4191 8786 4673 9798 1894 5934 2026 6946 5211 10166 4706 9246 5286 9936 5445 10350 1912 6072 4703 10028 1545 2990];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = '3'\r\nkeyMatrix = [41 6; 46 46];\r\ny_correct = [2283 3818];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":3,"created_by":8703,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":10,"test_suite_updated_at":"2020-01-28T16:27:49.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2020-01-27T13:50:56.000Z","updated_at":"2020-01-28T16:27:49.000Z","published_at":"2020-01-28T08:56:27.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMatrix inverse operation can be used to encode or decode of a message. For example\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ text = 'matlab \u0026 cody'.]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003enumeric equivalent is\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ num = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121]]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003elet\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ key = magic(3);]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is an arbitrary square matrix and its inverse is exist.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ereshape the vector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003enum\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e so it has the same number of rows with\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e matrix\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ numMatrix = [109 108 32 99 121;\\n 97 97 38 111 32;\\n 116 98 32 100 32];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNote that last two elements are filled with 32 which is the numeric equivalent of blank character ' '.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFinally multiply\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e with\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003enumMatrix\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (and reshape it) to obtain an encoded vector.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ encodedVector= [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eif you multiply\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einverse of key\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e with reshaped\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eencodedVector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e you can obtain the ascii numbers of secret message.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNext Problem :\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45282-cyrptography-with-a-square-matrix-decoding\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCryptography with A Square Matrix : Decoding\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eInspired from:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBarnett, R.A., Ziegler, M.R. and Byleen, K.E. (2015). Finite Mathematics for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences. Pearson, 13th (Global) Edition. p:245-247.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44351,"title":"Code breaker, Part I: Operation Phoenix","description":"You have been tasked with decoding a set of coded messages that have been intercepted. \r\n\r\nBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were encoded using a simple \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher Caesar cipher\u003e (a type of \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher substitution cipher\u003e), an example of which is the \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 ROT13 cipher\u003e (discussed in \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher Cody Challenge Problem 78\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026 numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between messages (also, here you need to decode, not encode). \r\n\r\nYou can also assume that the original message will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Phoenix\". Therefore the phrase \"Operation Phoenix\" (with that capitalisation) would have appeared at least once in the original message. \r\n\r\nYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html structure array\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html uint8\u003e]; (2) the decoded message [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html character array\u003e]. \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\". \r\n\r\nEXAMPLE\r\n\r\nSuppose the original message was _\"Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.\"_ and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) \r\nThus the encoded message would be: _\"Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026 ftdbqf.\"_\r\n\r\nThe correct answer would comprise: \r\n\r\n s.shift = uint8(1) \r\n s.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.'\r\n\r\n|Note: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable and doesn't generate excessive text output). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand.| \r\n\r\nTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".\r\n\r\n----------\r\n\r\nNext problem: \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356 Operation Orthos\u003e.\r\n\r\n----------\r\n\r\nStatistics on solutions submitted as at 15 October 2017:\r\n\r\n* *Fastest wall time to decode 5000 messages = 93 milliseconds* , for \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303 Solution 1279303\u003e, with a size-based score of 40. \r\n* *Smallest size-based score = 38* , for \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1278780 Solution 1278780\u003e, for which wall time to decode 5000 messages = 515 milliseconds. \r\n* Best combined score = 49, for \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303 Solution 1279303\u003e. ","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding a set of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were encoded using a simple \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\"\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/a\u003e (a type of \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\"\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/a\u003e), an example of which is the \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\"\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/a\u003e (discussed in \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\"\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/a\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026 numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between messages (also, here you need to decode, not encode).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou can also assume that the original message will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Phoenix\". Therefore the phrase \"Operation Phoenix\" (with that capitalisation) would have appeared at least once in the original message.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\"\u003estructure array\u003c/a\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"\u003euint8\u003c/a\u003e]; (2) the decoded message [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\"\u003echaracter array\u003c/a\u003e]. \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEXAMPLE\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose the original message was \u003ci\u003e\"Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.\"\u003c/i\u003e and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) \r\nThus the encoded message would be: \u003ci\u003e\"Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026 ftdbqf.\"\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correct answer would comprise:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003es.shift = uint8(1) \r\ns.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.'\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable and doesn't generate excessive text output). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand.\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e----------\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext problem: \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\"\u003eOperation Orthos\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e----------\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistics on solutions submitted as at 15 October 2017:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eFastest wall time to decode 5000 messages = 93 milliseconds\u003c/b\u003e , for \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\"\u003eSolution 1279303\u003c/a\u003e, with a size-based score of 40.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eSmallest size-based score = 38\u003c/b\u003e , for \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1278780\"\u003eSolution 1278780\u003c/a\u003e, for which wall time to decode 5000 messages = 515 milliseconds.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBest combined score = 49, for \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\"\u003eSolution 1279303\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e","function_template":"function s = decode(x)\r\n s = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%% NOTE: \r\n% This test suite can be updated if inappropriate 'hacks' \r\n% are discovered in any submitted solutions, \r\n% so your score/size may therefore change over time. \r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 1\r\nx = 'Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026 ftdbqf.';\r\ns_correct.shift = 1;\r\ns_correct.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.';\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 2\r\nx = 'Vwlyhapvu Wovlupe ilnpuz Ablzkhf! Vwlyhapvu Wovlupe pz vby avw wypvypaf.';\r\ns_correct.shift = 7;\r\ns_correct.message = 'Operation Phoenix begins Tuesday! Operation Phoenix is our top priority.';\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 3\r\nx = 'Eatpht cdit iwpi iwt ephhldgs wph qttc rwpcvts ugdb \"Fxeudyn\" id \"Dvcsbwl\". Diwtglxht Detgpixdc Ewdtcxm xh egdrttsxcv prrdgsxcv id eapc.';\r\ns_correct.shift = 15;\r\ns_correct.message = 'Please note that the password has been changed from \"Qipfojy\" to \"Ogndmhw\". Otherwise Operation Phoenix is proceeding according to plan.';\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 4\r\nx = 'Mncpyrgml Nfmclgv qryprcb rfpcc bywq yem. Yjj ncpqmllcj ypc rm pckygl ml bsrw slrgj Mncpyrgml Nfmclgv gq amknjcrcb.';\r\ns_correct.shift = 24;\r\ns_correct.message = 'Operation Phoenix started three days ago. All personnel are to remain on duty until Operation Phoenix is completed.';\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Rescoring \r\n% Acknowledgements \r\n% Portions of this timing test code were inspired by:\r\n% (1) Problem 937. \"Rubik's Mini Cube: Solve Randomized Cube in 11 Moves or Less; Score is by Time (msec)\" by Richard Zapor.\r\n% (2) Problem 2733. \"Evil Number\" by Jan Orwat.\r\n% (3) Feedback in comments from Peng Liu.\r\n% (4) Problem Problem 1237. \"It's race time! Write a faster function than the test suite call of unique().\" by Jeremy.\r\n\r\n% Note: The Time Trial section does not check accuracy; that is done above.\r\n\r\n% Initialise\r\nx = 'Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026 ftdbqf.';\r\ncutoffTimeBig = 1000; % Maximum allowable walltime (in milliseconds) to run function in a loop with qBig iterations.\r\n\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 20, disp(' . '); end;\r\n\r\n% Run once, untimed?\r\nincludeOverheads = false;\r\nif includeOverheads, \r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING ***\r\n% In case the submitted function has a lot of text output, \r\n% get an estimate based on just a few iterations\r\n% Initialise\r\nqSmall = 50;\r\nqBig = 5000;\r\nt0 = clock;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qSmall\r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0) * 1000;\r\ndisp(' -----=====----- ')\r\nfprintf('Your wall time to decode %u messages = %i msec.\\n\\r', qSmall, floor(dt))\r\nfprintf('Your APPROXIMATE wall time to decode %u messages would be ~ %i msec.\\n\\r', qBig, ceil(dt * qBig / qSmall))\r\ndisp(' -----=====----- ')\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 20, disp(' . '); end;\r\n\r\n% *** 'OFFICIAL' TIMING ***\r\n% Re-initialise timer\r\nt0 = clock;\r\nt0_cpu = cputime;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qBig\r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 20, disp(' . '); end;\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0) * 1000;\r\nfprintf('Your wall time to decode %u messages = %i msec.\\n\\r', qBig, floor(dt))\r\n\r\ndt_cpu = (cputime - t0_cpu) * 1000;\r\nfprintf(' ( Your CPU time for this = %i msec. ) \\n\\r', floor(dt_cpu))\r\n\r\nfDecode = @() decode(x);\r\ndt_timeit = timeit( fDecode ) * 1000;\r\nfprintf(' [ Your ''timeit'' time to decode %u messages = %i msec. ] \\n\\r', qBig, ceil(dt_timeit * qBig))\r\n\r\n% Display a size-based score.\r\nall_nodes = mtree('decode.m', '-file'); % This is the default in Cody.\r\nstr_nodes = mtfind(all_nodes, 'Kind', 'STRING');\r\neq_nodes = mtfind(all_nodes, 'Kind', 'EQUALS');\r\nprint_nodes = mtfind(all_nodes, 'Kind', 'PRINT');\r\nexpr_nodes = mtfind(all_nodes, 'Kind', 'EXPR');\r\n\r\nsize_score = count(all_nodes) ...\r\n +sum(str_nodes.nodesize-1) ...\r\n +2*(count(expr_nodes) ...\r\n +count(print_nodes) ...\r\n -count(eq_nodes));\r\n\r\nfprintf('Your size-based score = %i.\\n\\r', size_score)\r\n\r\n% Report revised performance score.\r\ncombinedScore = size_score + min( 200, floor(dt*(500/qBig)) );\r\nfprintf('Your combined score = %i.\\n\\r', combinedScore)\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\n\r\n% Now disallow any candidate solutions that are TOO SLOW!\r\nif dt \u003e cutoffTimeBig, \r\n fprintf('Sorry, your submission is TOO SLOW. It must be able to finish within %u milliseconds.\\n\\r', cutoffTimeBig)\r\nend;\r\n\r\nassert( dt \u003c= cutoffTimeBig, 'Exceeded time limit specified in Test Suite.' )","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":3,"created_by":64439,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":45,"test_suite_updated_at":"2017-10-15T10:19:08.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":40,"created_at":"2017-09-29T09:20:59.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T08:27:57.000Z","published_at":"2017-09-29T13:45:26.000Z","restored_at":"2017-10-04T19:25:07.000Z","restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":true,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding a set of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were encoded using a simple\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (a type of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e), an example of which is the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (discussed in\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026amp; numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between messages (also, here you need to decode, not encode).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou can also assume that the original message will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \\\"Operation Phoenix\\\". Therefore the phrase \\\"Operation Phoenix\\\" (with that capitalisation) would have appeared at least once in the original message.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003estructure array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003euint8\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e]; (2) the decoded message [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echaracter array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e]. The name of the structure array shall be \\\"s\\\", with respective fields \\\"shift\\\" and \\\"message\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEXAMPLE\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSuppose the original message was\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026amp; escape.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) Thus the encoded message would be: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026amp; ftdbqf.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe correct answer would comprise:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(1) \\ns.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable and doesn't generate excessive text output). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \\\"too slow\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e----------\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNext problem: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOperation Orthos\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e----------\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eStatistics on solutions submitted as at 15 October 2017:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFastest wall time to decode 5000 messages = 93 milliseconds\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e , for\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSolution 1279303\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, with a size-based score of 40.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSmallest size-based score = 38\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e , for\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1278780\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSolution 1278780\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, for which wall time to decode 5000 messages = 515 milliseconds.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBest combined score = 49, for\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSolution 1279303\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":45211,"title":"AES SubBytes() Transformation","description":"Given a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm SubBytes() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array. \r\n\r\nRefer to this link: \u003chttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003e\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n statei=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\n stateo=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2'];","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm SubBytes() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefer to this link: \u003ca href = \"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\"\u003ehttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003estatei=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\nstateo=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2'];\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function stateO = SubBytes(stateI)\r\n stateO = stateI;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nstateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\nstateO=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2']; \r\nassert(isequal(SubBytes(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2']; \r\nstateO=['82';'c5';'61';'d4';'70';'4c';'37';'c5';'cb';'08';'4a';'1c';'82';'08';'a8';'3a']; \r\nassert(isequal(SubBytes(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['82';'c5';'61';'d4';'70';'4c';'37';'c5';'cb';'08';'4a';'1c';'82';'08';'a8';'3a']; \r\nstateO=['13';'a6';'ef';'48';'51';'29';'9a';'a6';'1f';'30';'d6';'9c';'13';'30';'c2';'80']; \r\nassert(isequal(SubBytes(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['13';'a6';'ef';'48';'51';'29';'9a';'a6';'1f';'30';'d6';'9c';'13';'30';'c2';'80']; \r\nstateO=['7d';'24';'df';'52';'d1';'a5';'b8';'24';'c0';'04';'f6';'de';'7d';'04';'25';'cd']; \r\nassert(isequal(SubBytes(stateI),stateO))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":2,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":7,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-11-21T17:35:28.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-28T04:07:40.000Z","published_at":"2019-11-21T17:45:04.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm SubBytes() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRefer to this link:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[statei=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\\nstateo=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2'];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44356,"title":"Code breaker, Part II: Operation Orthos","description":"You have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted. \r\n\r\nBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher Caesar cipher\u003e (a type of \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher substitution cipher\u003e), an example of which is the \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 ROT13 cipher\u003e (discussed in \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher Cody Challenge Problem 78\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026 numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between batches of messages — although it will be the same for all messages in a batch (also, here you need to decode, not encode). \r\n\r\nYou can also assume that the original batch of messages will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Orthos\". However, in their secret internal communications they might not use this exact phrase at all, nor this exact capitalisation. Therefore you should seek _simultaneous_ occurrence of the separate words \"Operation\" and \"Orthos\" (with any capitalisation) in messages within the given batch. \r\n\r\nYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html structure array\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html uint8\u003e]; (2) the decoded messages [as a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta cell array\u003e (containing \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html character arrays\u003e)]. \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\". \r\n\r\nEXAMPLE\r\n\r\nSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages — _\"qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo\"_ and _\"Psuipt jt HP!\"_ (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) \r\nThus the original messages would have been: _\"proceed w/ operation\"_ and _\"Orthos is GO!\"_ .\r\n\r\nThe correct answer would comprise: \r\n\r\n s.shift = uint8(1) \r\n s.message = {'proceed w/ operation', 'Orthos is GO!'}\r\n\r\nIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then simply return 'scalar' \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/nan.html NaN\u003e in both fields (no need for a cell array). \r\n\r\n|Note: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)| \r\n\r\nTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\". \r\n\r\n----------\r\n\r\nPrevious problem: \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351 Operation Phoenix\u003e. Next problem: \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44383 Operation Xiangliu\u003e.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\"\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/a\u003e (a type of \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\"\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/a\u003e), an example of which is the \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\"\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/a\u003e (discussed in \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\"\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/a\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026 numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between batches of messages — although it will be the same for all messages in a batch (also, here you need to decode, not encode).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou can also assume that the original batch of messages will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Orthos\". However, in their secret internal communications they might not use this exact phrase at all, nor this exact capitalisation. Therefore you should seek \u003ci\u003esimultaneous\u003c/i\u003e occurrence of the separate words \"Operation\" and \"Orthos\" (with any capitalisation) in messages within the given batch.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\"\u003estructure array\u003c/a\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"\u003euint8\u003c/a\u003e]; (2) the decoded messages [as a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta\"\u003ecell array\u003c/a\u003e (containing \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\"\u003echaracter arrays\u003c/a\u003e)]. \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEXAMPLE\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages — \u003ci\u003e\"qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo\"\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e\"Psuipt jt HP!\"\u003c/i\u003e (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) \r\nThus the original messages would have been: \u003ci\u003e\"proceed w/ operation\"\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e\"Orthos is GO!\"\u003c/i\u003e .\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correct answer would comprise:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003es.shift = uint8(1) \r\ns.message = {'proceed w/ operation', 'Orthos is GO!'}\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then simply return 'scalar' \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/nan.html\"\u003eNaN\u003c/a\u003e in both fields (no need for a cell array).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e----------\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious problem: \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351\"\u003eOperation Phoenix\u003c/a\u003e. Next problem: \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44383\"\u003eOperation Xiangliu\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function s = decode(x)\r\n s = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%% NOTE: \r\n% This test suite can be updated if inappropriate 'hacks' \r\n% are discovered in any submitted solutions, \r\n% so the assessment of your submission may therefore change over time. \r\nRE = regexp(fileread('decode.m'), '\\w+', 'match');\r\ntabooWords = {'ans', 'assert', 'freepass', 'tic'};\r\ntestResult = cellfun( @(z) ismember(z, tabooWords), RE );\r\nmsg = ['Please do not do that in your code!' char([10 13]) ...\r\n 'Found: ' strjoin(RE(testResult)) '.' char([10 13]) ...\r\n 'Banned word.' char([10 13])];\r\nassert(~any( cellfun( @(z) ismember(z, tabooWords), RE ) ), msg)\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 1\r\nx = {'qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo', 'Psuipt jt HP!'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(1);\r\ns_correct.message = {'proceed w/ operation', 'Orthos is GO!'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\n%disp(' *** '); disp(s.message); disp(' *** ')\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message{1}, s_correct.message{1}) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message{2}, s_correct.message{2}) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(s, s_correct) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'cell') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message{1}), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 2\r\nx = {'Hfqq Ons ts 555-7839 FXFU.', 'twymtx nx ts mtqi', 'bfnynsl ktw dtzw fianhj', 'TUJWFYNTS UTXYUTSJI'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(5);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Call Jin on 555-7839 ASAP.', 'orthos is on hold', 'waiting for your advice', 'OPERATION POSTPONED'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\n%disp(' *** '); disp(s.message); disp(' *** ')\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 3\r\nx = {'Ocz kvnnrjmy rvn xcvibzy: \"Knpdko\" oj \"Gjlzgk\".', 'Jkzmvodji Kcjzids rvn npxxznnapg. Izso rdgg wz Jmocjn.', 'Edi Uvkxgzout rdgg wz gzvydib Ozvh V'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(21);\r\ns_correct.message = {'The password was changed: \"Psuipt\" to \"Loqelp\".', 'Operation Phoenix was successful. Next will be Orthos.', 'Jin Zapcletzy will be leading Team A'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 4\r\nx = {'bxmzzuzs r/ adftae az fdmow', 'adftae etxp oaybxqfq uz 2 iwe', 'abqdmfuaz pmfq eturfqp nmow 2 p.', 'naawe dqoquhqp. fwe Vuz' };\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(12);\r\ns_correct.message = {'planning f/ orthos on track', 'orthos shld complete in 2 wks', 'operation date shifted back 2 d.', 'books received. tks Jin'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 5\r\nx = {'Hdsffafy xgj Ghwjslagf Gjlzgk zsk gxxauasddq ugeewfuwv. Lzak oadd tw dwv tq Lwse S, kmhhgjlwv tq Lwse T sk fwwvwv.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(18);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Planning for Operation Orthos has officially commenced. This will be led by Team A, supported by Team B as needed.'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 6\r\nx = {'Mncpyrgml Nfmclgv qryprcb rfpcc bywq yem. Yjj ncpqmllcj ypc rm pckygl ml bsrw slrgj Mncpyrgml Nfmclgv gq amknjcrcb.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = nan;\r\ns_correct.message = nan;\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isnan(s.shift) )\r\nassert( isnan(s.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 7\r\nx = {'Iutloxskj vgyycuxj oy tuc \"Ruwkrv\".', 'Vrgt lux uxznuy ruuqy UQ, haz tkkj suxk $$$', 'Ksgor Pot Fgvirkzfe ut xacqxb@sgzncuxqy.ius xk. Zakyjge', 'Zgrqkj zu Zkgs H. Ngvve zu yavvuxz uvkxgzout....', 'Xk. latjy, vry zxgtylkx zu giiuatz \"YZOBKDSYX\" - ZDY', 'jUT''Z cUXXE'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(6);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Confirmed password is now \"Loqelp\".', 'Plan for orthos looks OK, but need more $$$', 'Email Jin Zapcletzy on ruwkrv@mathworks.com re. Tuesday', 'Talked to Team B. Happy to support operation....', 'Re. funds, pls transfer to account \"STIVEXMSR\" - TXS', 'dON''T wORRY'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% TIMING \r\n% Note: The Time Trial section does not check accuracy; that is done above.\r\n\r\n% Acknowledgements \r\n% Portions of this timing test code were inspired by:\r\n% (1) Problem 937. \"Rubik's Mini Cube: Solve Randomized Cube in 11 Moves or Less; Score is by Time (msec)\" by Richard Zapor.\r\n% (2) Problem 2733. \"Evil Number\" by Jan Orwat.\r\n% (3) Feedback in comments from Peng Liu.\r\n% (4) Problem Problem 1237. \"It's race time! Write a faster function than the test suite call of unique().\" by Jeremy.\r\n\r\n% INITIALISE\r\nx = {'qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo', 'Psuipt jt HP!'};\r\nqSmall = 50;\r\nqBig = 10000;\r\n%cutoffTimeBig = 10;\r\n\r\n% EDIT (2018-06-17). Reduced time to pose reasonable challenge.\r\n% Accounted for improving Cody server speed per Problem 44655.\r\ncutoffTimeBig = 3; % Maximum allowable walltime (in seconds) to run function in a loop with qBig iterations.\r\ntRef = datetime('2018-06-17', 'InputFormat','yyyy-MM-dd');\r\ntNow = datetime('now');\r\nyearsElapsed = (datenum(tNow) - datenum(tRef)) / 365.24;\r\nfprintf('\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\nSubmission evaluated for speed on %s.\\r\\n', datestr(tNow, 'dd mmmm yyyy'))\r\nrInf = 0.2; delta = cutoffTimeBig - rInf; tau = 3.6; % Data from Problem 44655, based on Problem 963.\r\nqBig = floor( qBig * (cutoffTimeBig - rInf) * exp(yearsElapsed/tau) / delta );\r\nfprintf('\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\nTo account for computational power increases over time, number of iterations increased to %u.\\r\\n', qBig)\r\n% END EDIT (2018-06-17)\r\n\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING WITH timeit ***\r\nfDecode = @() decode(x);\r\ndt_timeit = timeit( fDecode );\r\nfprintf('APPROXIMATE time to decode %u message batches ~ %2.2f seconds, according to ''timeit''.\\n\\r', qBig, dt_timeit * qBig)\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING WITH SHORT LOOP ***\r\n% In case the submitted function has a lot of text output, \r\n% get an estimate based on just a few iterations\r\n% Initialise\r\nt0 = clock;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qSmall\r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0);\r\ndisp(' -----=====----- ')\r\n%fprintf('Your wall time to decode %u message batches = %i seconds.\\n\\r', qSmall, floor(dt))\r\nfprintf('APPROXIMATE wall time to decode %u message batches ~ %2.2f seconds, by extrapolating from %u batches.\\n\\r', qBig, dt * qBig / qSmall, qSmall)\r\ndisp(' -----=====----- ')\r\n\r\n% *** 'OFFICIAL' TIMING ***\r\n% Re-initialise timer\r\nt0 = clock;\r\nt0_cpu = cputime;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qBig\r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0);\r\nfprintf('Your wall time to decode %u message batches = %2.2f seconds.\\n\\r', qBig, dt)\r\n\r\ndt_cpu = (cputime - t0_cpu);\r\nfprintf(' ( Your CPU time for this = %2.2f seconds. ) \\n\\r', dt_cpu)\r\n\r\n% Display (default) Cody size-based score.\r\nall_nodes = mtree('decode.m', '-file');\r\nsize_score = count(all_nodes);\r\nfprintf('Your Cody-standard size-based score = %i.\\n\\r', size_score)\r\n\r\n% Report revised performance score\r\ncombinedScore = size_score + round(dt * 10);\r\nfprintf('Your combined score = %i.\\n\\r', combinedScore)\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\n\r\n% Now disallow any candidate solutions that are TOO SLOW!\r\nif dt \u003e cutoffTimeBig, \r\n fprintf('Sorry, your submission is TOO SLOW. It must be able to finish within %u seconds.\\n\\r', cutoffTimeBig)\r\nend;\r\n\r\nassert( dt \u003c= cutoffTimeBig )","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":3,"created_by":64439,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":29,"test_suite_updated_at":"2018-06-17T14:03:55.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":40,"created_at":"2017-10-03T06:52:32.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T18:15:25.000Z","published_at":"2017-10-03T11:50:21.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (a type of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e), an example of which is the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (discussed in\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026amp; numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between batches of messages — although it will be the same for all messages in a batch (also, here you need to decode, not encode).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou can also assume that the original batch of messages will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \\\"Operation Orthos\\\". However, in their secret internal communications they might not use this exact phrase at all, nor this exact capitalisation. Therefore you should seek\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esimultaneous\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e occurrence of the separate words \\\"Operation\\\" and \\\"Orthos\\\" (with any capitalisation) in messages within the given batch.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003estructure array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003euint8\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e]; (2) the decoded messages [as a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecell array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (containing\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echaracter arrays\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e)]. The name of the structure array shall be \\\"s\\\", with respective fields \\\"shift\\\" and \\\"message\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEXAMPLE\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages —\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Psuipt jt HP!\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) Thus the original messages would have been: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"proceed w/ operation\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Orthos is GO!\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e .\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe correct answer would comprise:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(1) \\ns.message = {'proceed w/ operation', 'Orthos is GO!'}]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then simply return 'scalar'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/nan.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNaN\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e in both fields (no need for a cell array).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \\\"too slow\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e----------\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrevious problem: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOperation Phoenix\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Next problem: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44383\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOperation Xiangliu\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":78,"title":"Implement a ROT13 cipher","description":"Replace each character in string s1 with the character that is shifted 13 positions from it (wrap back to the beginning if necessary). So A ? N, B ? O, and so on until Y ? L and Z ? M. Case of the output should match the case of the input, so a ? n. Non-alphabetic characters are left in place and untouched.\n\nIf\n\n s1 = 'I love MATLAB'\n\nthen\n\n s2 = 'V ybir ZNGYNO'\n\nSee the \u003chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 Wikipedia article\u003e for more info.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eReplace each character in string s1 with the character that is shifted 13 positions from it (wrap back to the beginning if necessary). So A ? N, B ? O, and so on until Y ? L and Z ? M. Case of the output should match the case of the input, so a ? n. Non-alphabetic characters are left in place and untouched.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e s1 = 'I love MATLAB'\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003ethen\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e s2 = 'V ybir ZNGYNO'\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\"\u003eWikipedia article\u003c/a\u003e for more info.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function s2 = rot13(s1)\n s2 = s1;\nend","test_suite":"%% Test #1\n\ns1 = 'I love MATLAB';\ns2_correct = 'V ybir ZNGYNO';\nassert(isequal(rot13(s1),s2_correct))\n\n%% Test #2\n\ns1 = 'I \u003c3 MATLAB!!';\ns2_correct = 'V \u003c3 ZNGYNO!!';\nassert(isequal(rot13(s1),s2_correct))\n\n%% Test #3\n\ns1 = 'The quick fox stumbled over the confusing instructions.';\ns2_correct = 'Gur dhvpx sbk fghzoyrq bire gur pbashfvat vafgehpgvbaf.';\nassert(isequal(rot13(s1),s2_correct))\n\n%% Test #4\n\ns1 = 'Snape kills Dumbledore on page 606. Also, there is no Santa.';\ns2_correct = 'Fancr xvyyf Qhzoyrqber ba cntr 606. Nyfb, gurer vf ab Fnagn.';\nassert(isequal(rot13(s1),s2_correct))\n\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":13,"comments_count":3,"created_by":1,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":1713,"test_suite_updated_at":"2012-01-18T01:00:28.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":2,"created_at":"2012-01-18T01:00:28.000Z","updated_at":"2026-01-06T04:39:32.000Z","published_at":"2012-01-18T01:00:28.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eReplace each character in string s1 with the character that is shifted 13 positions from it (wrap back to the beginning if necessary). So A ? N, B ? O, and so on until Y ? L and Z ? M. Case of the output should match the case of the input, so a ? n. Non-alphabetic characters are left in place and untouched.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ s1 = 'I love MATLAB']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ethen\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ s2 = 'V ybir ZNGYNO']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWikipedia article\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e for more info.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44961,"title":"RSA decryption","description":"Decrypt a large integer string using RSA decryption given the public key (n) and private key (d). Convert the large integer decryption into an output message string with UTF-8 representation.\r\n\r\nExample:\r\n\r\n encrypted_message = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%input\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%input\r\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';%input\r\ndecrypted_message = 'I like to swim!';%output\r\n\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eDecrypt a large integer string using RSA decryption given the public key (n) and private key (d). Convert the large integer decryption into an output message string with UTF-8 representation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExample:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e encrypted_message = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%input\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%input\r\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';%input\r\ndecrypted_message = 'I like to swim!';%output\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function decrypted_message = RSA_Decrypt(encrypted_message,d,n)\r\n decrypted_message = 'I like to swim!';\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nm='158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';\r\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';\r\nmessage = 'I like to swim!';\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Decrypt(m,d,n),message))\r\n%%\r\nm='99761240327251194937668282784881225946299704960682605372368300120848092908591455333889649815054891832920433772438140697229743047905660648016064750862552787515723449901585029566883857331537912668878918706229773460108043130645834201085405226084010413433457258525704626839479467337463012332940952234541291286602023412313079939518264986360860440514106228995186076871512459300140814669747884371890194124';\r\nn='2044371069952561243871813747701535503388267616657953475148898181142012590397809234167373308955772082860082985954286137615597515257087506574051530104475374974920093127841789408014496870693507622812332673504654584870100580476794800708440785082437228308551107726064054828640053321250498545183042994878498928173976370185712833904492317580152665428272199317847097773542066059565512439224992672101163367819';\r\nd='131358569595346680469722564224349085322306406056832660693226883146757023027681686453130430199929142940992255578581548217026735077095312421736286269892515739496597527524021166625708322359741224036234988705082882699895245449017415856831226734459122764117157172961113990706104659539690141481103935528273973382371183154438463086325519326121228923730136467766036183357672350586091588640276470994058874793';\r\nmessage = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nout=RSA_Decrypt(m,n,d);\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Decrypt(m,d,n),message))\r\n%%\r\nm='23055330962704323769878549529115024711681463755869375992447358448257597289666397997393945478297323372847937346015110864832142828615195632399869833059964395947034849804307978652470092440225822549097020437344501330227622390881049097656181781980124142659454562923055085607225529541369345564097544873012395850084756321027482195140106724706102857159831541577386517426252851135917933602432485339455137853480425755360413522537180403768732770990453717801905433194599201771294559164174484366213507079896512750859909040228686293902666244968559905065091421969981123917913807285202549025830873320919273470513619143052127674709353494599047667391749001044180280253098309127910967801244777547067797257847396027373615105278074126621948502699483945442597921239032762535839481741386676784123570880434889025648597593711911259097408384527597630246903648267481820555872340696607290773027177673329986283293168575528258578575033034179306629426942699054620008867304832513427178319015491321861291086200676826846740503213061372327825278234127270730394825241275398344604061667061892125034848354745243512927194104643800196788262228848172689053393410972717679060779374106225778531311917434399927265718394014531619654762559111657295163989321031700962115070401533540746801357628868609255941469541707984326602981168016264720519340003693219403163278843126513912057794102645161814569893320900148891952732032827189210372803453777673309727629845360314416264926243414888253428149538146304399700653423118791724424837155323935319171814705469113037576054893140065594406360362408167462563925199225169055130480445976569760198217276692195730775524801021060293503580957364539210146595506177369243830063105693396808209631409860229448190041996912370291877581261016834769083953407597967437841733812344230896457097759403613339974363380556576775192238298546579676296359906794868505900966056565863994904406875527092603782089107591766239203672780399852597928423220774857864301715176837587724591257928112610743311445186658958007825888475800717425136849205837547536117562642680';\r\nn='44842008376687803367401704855862174057751658874412319214254366772513580664834338103711248053800336314605433363839051280089244765499067546768593375603554906634041005882836398715141891796137918851678901692978242458027064144613729242304549721699241688731628849316717564354846304644497408201649639245333007226999680183209765262168096747256549932760714835163829498814356014506466022681051474161134416048209239076204778228261950266231966892099194904195589855692846886804440024833800891898474520523721428667143505915995217245366095168045283186412220277535584022415882288464175935131208288146822299727657938865855853054174274144036081729604573534323903573564345990066095029031133576597298513883268061041004553754062342541175017746399640362184228727837219293246060058323563065371426108553463224921179093569734439828568435658070810483844709529476015493154462587917722806971578721201741643550136095893915598053953011321347017522943202801820158823344592288227452688958887872572522782675644714289349442555731461112275849176682816627205790162163242534462778708459909915826953853537650009043468930450287584181263070727575137424307931682948818963610116434419852585517456098152109913486868606969385133300794635427715727859479612757775192862801547635779921771426233897718528292667112148507798722127322607462037572360649156150337532940752245966765201596748120586383127825681873289878451591957019880886587602576426267683951317718936847177641679183717321862429721190212389237395890951104472937261743929446841800523276218816808066432194473964294708564511969507018959711475230849760902049071415838600456901108854663197095849833602808088094456341330276320302662577163562657750920481798540333412112880539002713127873625438212479154166226846436038698572615482646490520911334607730484144343834476612603467400722323562384577281087071440008144012534847478593412147312743274523095010025887231371129897419306984829625295595332434377173711414555784685658774002600022998291909172576630780759729269867715816511099791566815282862210319017784751883446582453959';\r\nd='6565816445407878925089441991498747612160839198603241148969054176252198301108538816900577327681584864655900309129187116952811278662878254707896639032786256375181309679291058212467790617143590175026484896254317631677185521639888090836542092702228103896557828982761215001435908561096741216458335569193212038242350596427680660630865867932219252556141104387324837429582683296520255026128293117631961432452139374326884841820676484348718346835892309697741432400454075190738155214690226263908349465883864526754491093121291860880617807231984031261908018115438062149668224668541927056762969514272957080528641551440449912383177971011340773567381595669197227397095749281691989236351340479846140946699426488082757798251098448588056674770754671643802109836061405587518383808732642252532232749119323532411226969424472963287039513173436339822906642733903667734412972727748722945805719038892729473535651253460092450459024621811281873600606895132005494130257832946742084673535377347237875132451694131873556170785954511701761479583203082125987308962572083138475191433479413530168163642321800669575367485309537509082240852273955663933547032858727060003363699057579114677450927657082252183166216411898446363400905797006665507108575986344278988745322935954278566001664060256959781130851422164231215979527541890717097899466088129536122753240075629363188908753526503257284825826946057815889269456925910606842810401392503996936381736547569711529540423604489529836981870198914784848089842823822656591932437295439032050213520000125621624734133380868707883468507784350355251698659006842220673722867592264770652693364873913361956132623339827358272992906883218249723187904101702943978747751691915678242891407493339828656260188711974558580485287404900248093520605466868886511014909072710668999090169680693653605673085931199903788603401848851956524927526592113342563256817891019122155938256416456381627581783190684277329685396205824988569434587069719626936811661218907123975873968219302538615272967013401476757929690613750478379916399826582503908605565505';\r\nmessage = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nout=RSA_Decrypt(m,n,d);\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Decrypt(m,d,n),message))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":3,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":7,"test_suite_updated_at":"2019-09-08T23:48:25.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-08-29T18:26:28.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T14:51:55.000Z","published_at":"2019-09-05T14:41:54.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDecrypt a large integer string using RSA decryption given the public key (n) and private key (d). Convert the large integer decryption into an output message string with UTF-8 representation.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eExample:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ encrypted_message = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%input\\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%input\\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';%input\\ndecrypted_message = 'I like to swim!';%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44963,"title":"Mask Generation Function (MGF1) for PKCS #1 Standard utilizing Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding for RSA Cryptography","description":"Create Mask Generation Function (MGF1) from PKCS #1 v2.2 standard (B.2.1 page 50) at below link. Input will be character array (mgfSeed) which will need to be converted to octet array using UTF-8 representation. Output must be octet array (uint8) of length, maskLen (input). Hashing must use SHA-1 (160 - 20 byte).\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n mgfSeed = 'I like to swim.';%input\r\n maskLen = 20;%input\r\n mask = [170,251,101,210,23,101,10,242,193,163,174,148,104,138,228,245,52,234,0,195];%output\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://www.emc.com/collateral/white-papers/h11300-pkcs-1v2-2-rsa-cryptography-standard-wp.pdf\u003e","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 194px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 97px; transform-origin: 407px 97px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCreate Mask Generation Function (MGF1) from PKCS #1 v2.2 standard (B.2.1) at below link. Input will be character array (mgfSeed) which will need to be converted to octet array using UTF-8 representation. Output must be octet array (uint8) of length, maskLen (input). Hashing must use SHA-1 (160 - 20 byte).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor example:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 60px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 30px; transform-origin: 404px 30px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003emgfSeed = \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); \"\u003e'I like to swim.'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003emaskLen = 20;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003emask = [170,251,101,210,23,101,10,242,193,163,174,148,104,138,228,245,52,234,0,195];\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%output\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function mask = mgf(mgfSeed,maskLen)\r\n mask = []%octet array of length maskLen\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nmgfSeed = 'I like to swim.';\r\nmaskLen = 20;\r\nmask = [170,251,101,210,23,101,10,242,193,163,174,148,104,138,228,245,52,234,0,195];\r\nassert(isequal(mgf(mgfSeed,maskLen),mask))\r\n%%\r\nmgfSeed = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nmaskLen = 825;\r\nmask = [40 55 251 83 143 211 49 16 87 56 109 116 17 188 72 54 231 67 125 182 223 53 149 36 246 233 71 113 113 29 176 61 74 77 205 167 179 99 172 172 212 249 53 148 13 89 253 3 85 0 155 181 94 15 8 122 120 92 29 229 229 46 192 162 252 119 243 94 52 12 133 98 161 249 152 68 69 22 156 155 229 132 30 163 102 90 217 160 36 53 185 128 74 224 105 214 134 90 188 101 98 220 43 162 251 183 72 54 219 4 44 185 199 193 31 42 129 112 74 25 81 133 70 156 38 225 243 24 50 132 79 130 42 72 145 158 105 253 190 62 73 107 95 133 78 238 214 39 88 245 40 46 166 201 173 209 234 194 3 117 226 32 176 12 139 83 211 67 101 99 174 126 103 130 83 56 157 52 76 21 189 99 217 43 150 92 219 148 173 138 184 183 203 62 231 125 42 79 29 248 30 26 127 50 9 31 219 212 160 157 243 15 52 217 7 144 43 241 70 98 247 231 174 111 96 91 108 59 164 146 77 180 212 155 165 18 150 198 100 233 255 129 44 170 150 243 244 126 203 255 231 28 94 77 58 198 147 84 212 248 36 34 107 210 77 79 80 224 24 126 88 125 255 11 124 227 44 253 242 234 59 176 108 146 170 132 20 128 230 141 187 81 139 26 119 47 159 8 182 40 94 213 107 223 21 187 35 1 40 145 154 92 218 252 46 201 203 65 48 94 118 110 5 158 212 19 129 9 59 124 19 190 201 55 141 124 210 85 240 34 150 81 154 11 3 116 204 37 73 39 169 234 50 241 131 94 9 133 0 209 190 171 206 93 165 145 142 117 230 34 245 223 205 153 227 202 3 218 56 163 203 137 46 114 78 248 196 136 19 177 126 95 231 213 251 130 39 57 59 228 251 73 48 9 109 11 172 152 223 120 153 108 233 76 117 219 8 6 124 44 7 249 116 43 198 98 55 235 52 47 146 239 76 142 88 19 64 169 209 206 255 101 91 197 36 180 253 52 54 63 198 63 113 58 43 229 141 59 4 147 34 200 7 184 108 176 153 95 94 18 235 178 160 51 63 154 227 39 231 71 246 109 13 199 185 220 180 50 146 85 194 176 175 159 103 177 47 149 252 182 33 224 226 1 232 167 94 93 202 55 60 201 228 107 135 142 22 165 168 124 219 216 34 230 174 179 66 67 91 92 186 30 48 9 177 192 254 190 236 52 84 114 255 3 81 150 112 131 49 157 48 243 218 11 132 40 13 68 214 159 36 109 152 219 32 219 193 182 69 37 104 217 115 54 158 79 90 3 223 116 127 8 28 233 223 194 30 241 180 45 209 77 180 184 52 132 164 49 206 50 57 149 118 105 44 25 212 141 253 150 45 244 73 203 10 137 161 118 49 165 248 105 215 58 90 67 180 78 22 135 102 173 139 62 31 63 82 187 78 47 2 176 144 83 22 143 31 155 8 160 12 252 164 52 159 102 113 95 132 49 168 194 137 32 131 189 139 77 143 248 36 30 154 239 163 149 86 9 178 122 6 248 25 208 211 142 59 23 72 43 158 195 244 232 229 245 148 49 163 28 81 93 106 33 239 249 26 220 73 65 112 249 254 251 91 106 204 113 10 59 34 114 189 185 188 181 100 185 22 188 221 187 109 170 35 57 181 234 157 230 206 169 97 140 51 170 128 215 188 14 50 190 167 41 173 19 10 98 165 12 77 49 21 33 147 93 84 163 106 151 234 76 252 91 165 248 223 136 85 124 174 90 188 130 174 83 92 181 134 65 91 105 15 103 91 15 27 201 162 58 84 164 33 137 63 0 84 0 78 180 31 218 47 84 43 13 35 122 117 205 59 81 146 97 14];\r\nassert(isequal(mgf(mgfSeed,maskLen),mask))\r\n%%\r\nmgfSeed = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nmaskLen = 300;\r\nmask = [96 185 223 209 149 51 224 128 249 139 57 249 190 69 199 132 37 24 75 127 98 59 231 206 13 83 79 111 181 220 204 120 27 178 155 116 155 11 157 112 10 195 106 4 127 146 101 112 197 29 54 45 14 78 16 100 1 111 156 44 138 141 219 101 171 1 126 254 60 82 214 63 13 94 227 238 64 173 93 142 3 224 63 76 8 190 105 8 77 113 250 243 249 82 56 124 129 116 121 131 207 116 80 185 72 184 244 232 236 127 37 195 236 163 176 245 65 48 169 131 19 36 208 178 184 150 188 50 221 83 132 241 73 205 23 9 41 74 65 251 10 21 133 150 101 15 42 153 164 197 136 19 113 134 153 247 10 161 221 184 195 215 253 149 223 83 180 148 198 4 53 112 114 39 18 132 254 170 130 61 6 158 224 166 76 187 190 128 14 251 158 218 192 68 46 210 199 231 120 57 212 10 107 2 50 37 110 30 87 48 2 134 81 165 107 95 250 206 98 26 45 102 173 46 85 103 137 4 140 154 236 142 125 211 28 164 94 41 8 70 215 10 13 140 139 97 205 60 212 205 35 175 235 158 88 165 40 41 187 215 72 172 97 159 119 79 80 31 128 121 108 94 219 216 77 209 184 244 90 238 182 207 244 52 248 6 220 175 117 122 236 228 219 42 49 196 186 12 19 95];\r\nassert(isequal(mgf(mgfSeed,maskLen),mask))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":4,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-09-06T22:10:21.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T14:43:51.000Z","published_at":"2019-09-06T22:31:17.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCreate Mask Generation Function (MGF1) from PKCS #1 v2.2 standard (B.2.1) at below link. Input will be character array (mgfSeed) which will need to be converted to octet array using UTF-8 representation. Output must be octet array (uint8) of length, maskLen (input). Hashing must use SHA-1 (160 - 20 byte).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[mgfSeed = 'I like to swim.';%input\\nmaskLen = 20;%input\\nmask = [170,251,101,210,23,101,10,242,193,163,174,148,104,138,228,245,52,234,0,195];%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":44959,"title":"RSA encryption using public key ","description":"Encrypt the message text by converting to uint8 matrix using UTF-8 representation. Convert uint8 matrix to a large integer string. Use RSA encryption on the integer string given the public keys (n and e) and output the encrypted integer string. The public key (e) will always be fixed at 65537. No hashing or padding of the message is done.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n message = 'I like to swim!';%given as input\r\n integer_String = '379695297047669462525290688599911713';%calculated\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%given as input\r\ne= 65537;%fixed\r\noutput_String = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%output\r\n\r\nSee:\r\n\u003chttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003e\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eEncrypt the message text by converting to uint8 matrix using UTF-8 representation. Convert uint8 matrix to a large integer string. Use RSA encryption on the integer string given the public keys (n and e) and output the encrypted integer string. The public key (e) will always be fixed at 65537. No hashing or padding of the message is done.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003emessage = 'I like to swim!';%given as input\r\ninteger_String = '379695297047669462525290688599911713';%calculated\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%given as input\r\ne= 65537;%fixed\r\noutput_String = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%output\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eSee: \u003ca href = \"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\"\u003ehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function encrypted_message = RSA_Encrypt(message,n)\r\n encrypted_message='14133';\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nmessage = 'I like to swim!';\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';\r\nout = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Encrypt(message,n),out))\r\n%%\r\nmessage = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nn='44842008376687803367401704855862174057751658874412319214254366772513580664834338103711248053800336314605433363839051280089244765499067546768593375603554906634041005882836398715141891796137918851678901692978242458027064144613729242304549721699241688731628849316717564354846304644497408201649639245333007226999680183209765262168096747256549932760714835163829498814356014506466022681051474161134416048209239076204778228261950266231966892099194904195589855692846886804440024833800891898474520523721428667143505915995217245366095168045283186412220277535584022415882288464175935131208288146822299727657938865855853054174274144036081729604573534323903573564345990066095029031133576597298513883268061041004553754062342541175017746399640362184228727837219293246060058323563065371426108553463224921179093569734439828568435658070810483844709529476015493154462587917722806971578721201741643550136095893915598053953011321347017522943202801820158823344592288227452688958887872572522782675644714289349442555731461112275849176682816627205790162163242534462778708459909915826953853537650009043468930450287584181263070727575137424307931682948818963610116434419852585517456098152109913486868606969385133300794635427715727859479612757775192862801547635779921771426233897718528292667112148507798722127322607462037572360649156150337532940752245966765201596748120586383127825681873289878451591957019880886587602576426267683951317718936847177641679183717321862429721190212389237395890951104472937261743929446841800523276218816808066432194473964294708564511969507018959711475230849760902049071415838600456901108854663197095849833602808088094456341330276320302662577163562657750920481798540333412112880539002713127873625438212479154166226846436038698572615482646490520911334607730484144343834476612603467400722323562384577281087071440008144012534847478593412147312743274523095010025887231371129897419306984829625295595332434377173711414555784685658774002600022998291909172576630780759729269867715816511099791566815282862210319017784751883446582453959';\r\nout = '23055330962704323769878549529115024711681463755869375992447358448257597289666397997393945478297323372847937346015110864832142828615195632399869833059964395947034849804307978652470092440225822549097020437344501330227622390881049097656181781980124142659454562923055085607225529541369345564097544873012395850084756321027482195140106724706102857159831541577386517426252851135917933602432485339455137853480425755360413522537180403768732770990453717801905433194599201771294559164174484366213507079896512750859909040228686293902666244968559905065091421969981123917913807285202549025830873320919273470513619143052127674709353494599047667391749001044180280253098309127910967801244777547067797257847396027373615105278074126621948502699483945442597921239032762535839481741386676784123570880434889025648597593711911259097408384527597630246903648267481820555872340696607290773027177673329986283293168575528258578575033034179306629426942699054620008867304832513427178319015491321861291086200676826846740503213061372327825278234127270730394825241275398344604061667061892125034848354745243512927194104643800196788262228848172689053393410972717679060779374106225778531311917434399927265718394014531619654762559111657295163989321031700962115070401533540746801357628868609255941469541707984326602981168016264720519340003693219403163278843126513912057794102645161814569893320900148891952732032827189210372803453777673309727629845360314416264926243414888253428149538146304399700653423118791724424837155323935319171814705469113037576054893140065594406360362408167462563925199225169055130480445976569760198217276692195730775524801021060293503580957364539210146595506177369243830063105693396808209631409860229448190041996912370291877581261016834769083953407597967437841733812344230896457097759403613339974363380556576775192238298546579676296359906794868505900966056565863994904406875527092603782089107591766239203672780399852597928423220774857864301715176837587724591257928112610743311445186658958007825888475800717425136849205837547536117562642680';\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Encrypt(message,n),out))\r\n%%\r\nmessage = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nn='2044371069952561243871813747701535503388267616657953475148898181142012590397809234167373308955772082860082985954286137615597515257087506574051530104475374974920093127841789408014496870693507622812332673504654584870100580476794800708440785082437228308551107726064054828640053321250498545183042994878498928173976370185712833904492317580152665428272199317847097773542066059565512439224992672101163367819';\r\nout = '99761240327251194937668282784881225946299704960682605372368300120848092908591455333889649815054891832920433772438140697229743047905660648016064750862552787515723449901585029566883857331537912668878918706229773460108043130645834201085405226084010413433457258525704626839479467337463012332940952234541291286602023412313079939518264986360860440514106228995186076871512459300140814669747884371890194124';\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Encrypt(message,n),out))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":5,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":8,"test_suite_updated_at":"2019-08-29T18:00:37.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-08-29T02:42:05.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T14:57:07.000Z","published_at":"2019-08-29T02:52:31.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEncrypt the message text by converting to uint8 matrix using UTF-8 representation. Convert uint8 matrix to a large integer string. Use RSA encryption on the integer string given the public keys (n and e) and output the encrypted integer string. The public key (e) will always be fixed at 65537. No hashing or padding of the message is done.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[message = 'I like to swim!';%given as input\\ninteger_String = '379695297047669462525290688599911713';%calculated\\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%given as input\\ne= 65537;%fixed\\noutput_String = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":45213,"title":"AES-256 KeyExpansion()","description":"Given a 32-byte hexadecimal character array representing the AES-256 input key, execute the AES-256 algorithm, KeyExpansion() and output the xth (input) key-word of this 60-word sequence as a 4x2 hexadecimal array. You will need the SubBytes() function done in one of my previous Cody problems.\r\n\r\nRefer to this link: \u003chttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003e\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n key='e32868331fa8ef0138de0de85478346aec5e3912b6029ae71691c384237a3eeb';\r\n x=58;%want key-word number 58 out of 60\r\n w=['d0';'eb';'7c';'8a'];%58th key-word","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven a 32-byte hexadecimal character array representing the AES-256 input key, execute the AES-256 algorithm, KeyExpansion() and output the xth (input) key-word of this 60-word sequence as a 4x2 hexadecimal array. You will need the SubBytes() function done in one of my previous Cody problems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefer to this link: \u003ca href = \"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\"\u003ehttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003ekey='e32868331fa8ef0138de0de85478346aec5e3912b6029ae71691c384237a3eeb';\r\nx=58;%want key-word number 58 out of 60\r\nw=['d0';'eb';'7c';'8a'];%58th key-word\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function w = KeyExpansion(key,x)\r\n w = key;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nkey='e32868331fa8ef0138de0de85478346aec5e3912b6029ae71691c384237a3eeb';\r\nx=58;\r\nw=['d0';'eb';'7c';'8a'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='4b6b0490163a5b44345675ba437aec16eee63eee26643e0d2fe1f51eb8e0ca0b';\r\nx=31\r\nw=['da';'8d';'75';'fb'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='c0ad28b4cb90e11f5420fbfe9042b10f79e5a3adc1ca2fdb6c3e034a4ee79d4b';\r\nx=60;\r\nw=['38';'57';'bb';'18'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='b8b6426ab2dedb79f812fc5c2edb81e5a3fd5ef58a9dcbe728fcb93e36352969';\r\nx=10;\r\nw=['9d';'cd';'60';'16'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='7f837ce449b892bce32f99ba24f64c5f40ac117fc56e514f48d978d8a2e48999';\r\nx=7;\r\nw=['48';'d9';'78';'d8'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='7f837ce449b892bce32f99ba24f64c5f40ac117fc56e514f48d978d8a2e48999';\r\nx=57;\r\nw=['e3';'7d';'c6';'78'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='7f837ce449b892bce32f99ba24f64c5f40ac117fc56e514f48d978d8a2e48999';\r\nx=58;\r\nw=['cd';'9a';'06';'35'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='7f837ce449b892bce32f99ba24f64c5f40ac117fc56e514f48d978d8a2e48999';\r\nx=59;\r\nw=['1e';'2b';'6e';'33'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":3,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-11-22T00:25:14.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-11T16:12:13.000Z","published_at":"2019-11-22T01:37:11.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a 32-byte hexadecimal character array representing the AES-256 input key, execute the AES-256 algorithm, KeyExpansion() and output the xth (input) key-word of this 60-word sequence as a 4x2 hexadecimal array. You will need the SubBytes() function done in one of my previous Cody problems.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRefer to this link:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[key='e32868331fa8ef0138de0de85478346aec5e3912b6029ae71691c384237a3eeb';\\nx=58;%want key-word number 58 out of 60\\nw=['d0';'eb';'7c';'8a'];%58th key-word]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44964,"title":"Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding of message for RSA Cryptography ","description":"EME-OAEP encoding of input message using a Feistel network with SHA-1 hashing within the mask generation function (MGF1) (see problem 44963/below link 7.1.1 page 18). Inputs will include message (M), label (L), a random seed (seed) array of octets of length 20 (needed such that outputs can be compared), and output length (k). Output (EM) array will be an array of octets of length, k. Hash length will always be 20 for SHA-1 (160-20 bytes). The character length of input message will never exceed k-42.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n M = 'I like to swim.';%input\r\n L = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';%input\r\n seed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];%input\r\n k = 100;%input\r\n EM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,...\r\n87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,...\r\n35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,...\r\n217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,...\r\n148,12,50,108,248,32,94];%output\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://www.emc.com/collateral/white-papers/h11300-pkcs-1v2-2-rsa-cryptography-standard-wp.pdf\u003e","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 356px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 178px; transform-origin: 407px 178px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 105px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 52.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 52.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEME-OAEP encoding of input message using a Feistel network with SHA-1 hashing and mask generation function (MGF1) (see problem 44963/below link, section 9.1.1.1 (figure 1 shows the encoding process)). Inputs will include message (M), label (L), a random seed (seed) array of octets of length 20 (needed such that outputs can be compared), and output length (k). Output (EM) array will be an array of octets of length, k. Hash length will always be 20 from SHA-1 (160-20 bytes). The character length of input message will never exceed k-42.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor example:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 180px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 90px; transform-origin: 404px 90px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eM = \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); \"\u003e'I like to swim.'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eL = \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); \"\u003e'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003ek = 100;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e148,12,50,108,248,32,94];\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%output\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function EM = EMEOAEPencoding(M,L,seed,k)\r\n EM = []%octet array of length k\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nM = 'I like to swim.';\r\nL = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';\r\nseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];\r\nk = 100;\r\nEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,148,12,50,108,248,32,94];\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPencoding(M,L,seed,k),EM))\r\n%%\r\nM = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nL = '';\r\nseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];\r\nk = 300;\r\nEM = [0 145 194 62 62 111 86 188 50 37 165 231 16 42 25 79 223 177 117 187 135 200 203 136 184 133 38 175 66 35 142 212 144 116 66 37 151 8 190 218 29 238 213 11 189 225 88 83 218 175 183 98 58 237 89 80 123 64 40 154 137 44 13 186 97 133 92 11 228 32 100 188 61 37 150 198 178 73 252 17 133 233 68 13 39 99 3 239 108 106 202 227 127 142 79 34 126 244 41 92 240 8 127 153 251 25 82 79 247 92 187 51 84 38 104 240 52 209 144 160 144 119 131 67 128 116 98 132 51 79 8 114 69 202 80 243 194 61 17 33 225 232 173 5 153 230 32 155 34 62 72 2 211 212 227 5 115 217 33 189 21 170 51 190 217 119 148 73 209 109 114 90 104 237 168 60 144 120 191 7 186 8 205 111 192 249 192 197 34 225 209 153 234 5 27 165 82 42 132 167 158 64 218 239 71 49 166 27 37 9 154 2 255 193 72 75 7 121 121 240 74 116 185 58 79 106 68 14 17 49 68 96 160 2 75 15 122 144 36 47 230 112 39 221 21 141 251 178 10 215 180 230 184 189 112 108 187 83 94 157 69 140 201 40 158 119 28 159 116 196 206 112 91 141 68 122 113 183 92 111 44 149 187 223 179 157 29 79 180 231 38 122 231 82 98 42 69 14 162 53];\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPencoding(M,L,seed,k),EM))\r\n%%\r\nM = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nL = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789';\r\nseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];\r\nk = 825;\r\nEM = [0 85 82 177 212 151 6 148 36 245 178 209 163 30 35 103 231 155 104 206 51 230 201 47 178 114 199 15 172 217 175 58 48 240 133 0 186 218 10 200 31 238 213 10 237 132 55 35 182 202 151 21 82 130 121 35 14 35 75 255 236 72 45 210 0 243 57 43 137 79 9 217 83 81 227 171 156 105 168 121 224 201 41 98 85 6 35 155 4 15 179 195 12 251 44 65 27 145 77 112 208 124 23 252 219 116 61 61 146 124 207 91 49 95 72 135 85 191 228 128 228 24 163 48 245 23 1 225 86 43 40 19 43 174 112 135 170 88 49 76 142 154 200 37 237 142 69 226 2 88 33 108 183 244 130 37 4 184 88 157 97 197 19 205 172 20 247 44 180 9 92 122 59 132 197 85 252 25 205 107 195 36 237 24 168 156 174 229 81 142 188 252 133 107 126 133 59 89 164 193 255 41 182 134 41 86 138 59 81 97 255 34 139 164 38 47 98 23 26 137 106 29 202 26 59 5 100 105 116 69 100 15 206 34 42 47 30 255 83 65 145 17 85 185 53 254 139 219 120 182 216 198 204 213 17 24 155 48 63 243 101 233 191 77 240 87 126 250 23 171 163 21 123 236 100 9 20 219 58 66 74 224 215 185 218 241 113 38 218 128 6 10 149 61 18 66 32 109 219 27 107 176 90 163 116 99 71 16 108 89 192 253 121 121 76 157 101 157 217 51 53 248 195 95 93 183 71 29 199 2 182 31 120 35 167 44 189 160 2 154 234 162 113 204 18 138 81 155 86 122 147 44 23 181 90 135 49 235 41 194 82 181 31 45 131 78 127 198 121 132 49 6 186 66 157 159 79 110 184 152 83 107 73 61 22 86 160 156 200 177 64 217 32 251 102 4 165 143 254 215 165 224 110 76 57 69 13 198 180 106 236 11 39 238 0 220 63 109 239 190 19 85 92 23 28 183 233 72 88 193 8 101 127 214 171 7 94 156 148 220 40 84 44 149 7 245 165 150 197 27 93 255 146 15 132 133 174 208 4 156 246 12 37 50 78 85 95 212 198 41 22 138 214 135 145 197 137 114 172 128 48 126 202 198 0 35 15 37 127 1 34 44 164 46 131 12 87 254 9 210 140 50 85 180 173 121 24 14 192 237 75 224 91 242 205 155 8 136 51 38 161 6 129 234 36 1 56 251 11 6 73 36 74 230 95 174 47 94 53 106 142 71 123 88 32 41 7 108 41 101 40 120 254 196 47 251 83 224 181 114 255 127 56 6 182 182 153 244 162 214 115 183 162 69 47 174 112 68 89 110 180 43 47 159 195 123 73 230 230 186 204 129 110 234 218 152 57 154 232 91 68 237 204 222 179 175 192 249 1 128 5 180 93 29 14 97 175 138 175 221 223 219 62 93 142 51 123 194 90 6 215 32 181 60 48 92 100 114 28 164 71 110 244 129 190 125 27 156 223 133 7 128 55 127 93 3 21 66 38 184 50 52 6 164 175 17 255 103 42 28 126 66 19 149 66 6 234 170 194 104 85 42 166 171 117 101 33 74 35 181 46 242 102 192 226 183 132 223 154 97 142 119 107 6 98 93 129 255 247 144 159 12 245 161 179 28 1 228 24 38 147 55 148 10 247 224 154 201 241 32 53 23 219 52 0 124 35 47 36 89 180 68 57 183 240 94 235 86 152 105 26 113 72 38 83 194 138 16 45 187 50 207 192 151 54 80 108 139 211 116 186 176 20 250 32 117 237 241 239 224 147 110 22 190 71 59 47 97 8 144 236 102 8 216 238 225 40 212 181 238 106 223 38 121 175 55 54 194 114 234 213 89 36 150 177 249 96 235 51 12 205 84 247 160 76];\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPencoding(M,L,seed,k),EM))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":12,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-09-06T23:39:52.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T14:05:18.000Z","published_at":"2019-09-07T00:59:36.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEME-OAEP encoding of input message using a Feistel network with SHA-1 hashing and mask generation function (MGF1) (see problem 44963/below link, section 9.1.1.1 (figure 1 shows the encoding process)). Inputs will include message (M), label (L), a random seed (seed) array of octets of length 20 (needed such that outputs can be compared), and output length (k). Output (EM) array will be an array of octets of length, k. Hash length will always be 20 from SHA-1 (160-20 bytes). The character length of input message will never exceed k-42.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[M = 'I like to swim.';%input\\nL = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';%input\\nseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];%input\\nk = 100;%input\\nEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,...\\n87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,...\\n35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,...\\n217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,...\\n148,12,50,108,248,32,94];%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":44956,"title":"Determine RSA keys (public and private) given two prime number character strings (p and q)","description":"Given two prime number character strings (p and q), generate the RSA public and private keys (n and d) with e = 65537. The more difficult part is doing this without the use of symbolic numbers.\r\nExample: p = '3355335697481001330501721', q = '5955344080483688912855719'\r\nn='19982178584029090861856118769095354822153154192399'\r\nd='3270348772331599380262578849367006078599068947553'\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven two prime number character strings (p and q), generate the RSA public and private keys (n and d) with e = 65537. The more difficult part is doing this without the use of symbolic numbers.\r\nExample: p = '3355335697481001330501721', q = '5955344080483688912855719'\r\nn='19982178584029090861856118769095354822153154192399'\r\nd='3270348772331599380262578849367006078599068947553'\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href = \"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\"\u003ehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function [n,d] = keyGeneration(p,q)\r\n n = p;\r\n d = q;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\np = '3355335697481001330501721';\r\nq = '5955344080483688912855719';\r\nn='19982178584029090861856118769095354822153154192399';\r\nd='3270348772331599380262578849367006078599068947553';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))\r\n%%\r\np = '813610636673';\r\nq = '1605983302589';\r\nn='1306645097305643499246397';\r\nd='355984378478555057894913';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))\r\n%%\r\np = '67979691391330950855242581938207942707483223433259';\r\nq = '6153843674264879356192291854148321819411378704398479';\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';\r\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))\r\n%%\r\np = '9889977922600049892469466917642800243744956526655686322206918503863571743809023708648966023469645149';\r\nq = '2476454822450020555811121392457617785385805217059253393679351596046272567110905233495088857069108236299';\r\nn = '24492083520347129695334786995557239882540750861618765872694983337614252441655470479409598244691513160097634784088025768219041142794039842531021683737585081956313858395523050254392582005967309810771063551';\r\nd = '7043758337908398316945695794623843894382227935971901356005844728128437829322707899292187736941661046350269216062193211515498221491327821445579367736374708711769362662280124297131956999441862850977388289';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))\r\n%%\r\np = '26892754546730837119898059580995437039544399594421875855251066246511044160199048288603963625982639028058714345196159764252398791569637860905138287322706679328840515337572608690956308136959236074835599';\r\nq = '76019400184540822543696224086250845563040709795227937154720461468348727220343229834542918037619525984430713380822472295398107810565069813256377730791194881206750953165713183208458761595898204049235781';\r\nn='2044371069952561243871813747701535503388267616657953475148898181142012590397809234167373308955772082860082985954286137615597515257087506574051530104475374974920093127841789408014496870693507622812332673504654584870100580476794800708440785082437228308551107726064054828640053321250498545183042994878498928173976370185712833904492317580152665428272199317847097773542066059565512439224992672101163367819';\r\nd='131358569595346680469722564224349085322306406056832660693226883146757023027681686453130430199929142940992255578581548217026735077095312421736286269892515739496597527524021166625708322359741224036234988705082882699895245449017415856831226734459122764117157172961113990706104659539690141481103935528273973382371183154438463086325519326121228923730136467766036183357672350586091588640276470994058874793';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":10,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":17,"test_suite_updated_at":"2019-08-28T22:45:19.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-08-26T02:38:07.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-04T16:55:19.000Z","published_at":"2019-08-26T02:45:23.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven two prime number character strings (p and q), generate the RSA public and private keys (n and d) with e = 65537. The more difficult part is doing this without the use of symbolic numbers. Example: p = '3355335697481001330501721', q = '5955344080483688912855719' n='19982178584029090861856118769095354822153154192399' d='3270348772331599380262578849367006078599068947553'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44383,"title":"Code breaker, Part III: Operation Xiangliu","description":"You have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted. \r\n\r\nBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher Caesar cipher\u003e (a type of \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher substitution cipher\u003e), an example of which is the \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 ROT13 cipher\u003e (discussed in \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher Cody Challenge Problem 78\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation, numbers, accented letters) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and will vary _between_ (not within) batches — also, here you need to decode, not encode. \r\n\r\nThese latest activities that you are investigating have been nicknamed 'Operation Xiangliu' by your own organisation. A few decoding options are at your organisation's disposal: \r\n\r\n# Test the candidate decodings against all words in a large dictionary — this could work, but it is very slow.\r\n# Test the candidate decodings for the appearance of a name or phrase that is certain to appear regularly (e.g. \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351 \"Operation Phoenix\"\u003e) — unfortunately as yet there is not enough knowledge of the activities to be sure of a suitable name or phrase to use. \r\n# Test the candidate decodings against all words in a short list comprising, say, the hundred most frequently used English words.\r\n\r\nThe *third option* will be faster than the first option, and more reliable than the second option, so this is the approach you will be taking. \r\n\r\nYou have been careful to avoid using 'lemmatised' lists (which contain e.g. the verb \"to be\", rather than the various inflected forms such as \"am\", \"is\", \"are\") like those based on the \u003chttps://web.archive.org/web/20111226085859/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/the-oec-facts-about-the-language OEC\u003e or \u003chttps://www.wordfrequency.info/free.asp?s=y COCA\u003e, and after setting aside \u003chttp://world-english.org/english500.htm another list\u003e you finally choose the \u003chttp://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/bncfreq/samples/120.pdf list based on the BNC\u003e as the most reliable, and will use the first 100 words on that list. \r\nThis list will be available for you to access as an input variable, |bncWordlist|, to your function. Note: (i) some entries on the list are morphemes (e.g. \"\u0026#x200A;n't\u0026#x200A;\" and \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\") rather than words; (ii) some entries appear more than once (representing different grammatical word classes). Of course, in the original messages any capitalisation might be used. \r\n\r\nYou have been instructed that your 'certitude' (degree of confidence) in the decoding must be reported for each batch, and shall depend proportionally upon the sum of the characters for the words/morphemes in the decoded message that match words/morphemes in |bncWordlist|. Being able to match words/morphemes accounting for three-tenths of the characters (excluding spaces) shall correspond to 100% certitude; matching three-twentieths would be 50% certitude, and so on. Certitude shall be reported as a percentage, rounded _up_ to the nearest integer, not greater than 100. You need to maximise your certitude for each batch by appropriate choice of the shifting parameter. If there are multiple shifts of equal certitude, report both options on different rows (arranged in order of ascending shift parameter).\r\n\r\nYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html structure array\u003e: \u0026nbsp; (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html uint8\u003e] (usually scalar, but may be column vector); \u0026nbsp; (2) the decoded messages [as a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta cell array\u003e (containing \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html character arrays\u003e)] (usually an array with a single row, but occasionally with multiple rows); \u0026nbsp; (3) your 'certitude' in the decoding [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html uint8\u003e] (always scalar). \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be |s|, with respective fields |shift|, |message|, and |certitude|. \r\n\r\n*EXAMPLE 1*\r\n\r\nSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages — _\"Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.\"_ and _\"Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.\"_ (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. \r\nThus the original messages would have been: _\"Unless pursued, open no doors.\"_ and _\"Eels can kill, not only wound.\"_ . Twelve of the 51 characters have been matched: \"no\", \"can\", \"not\", and \"only\". \r\n\r\nThe correct answer would therefore comprise: \r\n\r\n s.shift = uint8(1) \r\n s.message = {'Unless pursued, open no doors.', 'Eels can kill, not only wound.'}\r\n s.certitude = uint8(79)\r\n\r\n*EXAMPLE 2*\r\n\r\nSuppose the batch contained one encoded message — _\"Oa oqvvq'u cnycau dggp: \"Ctu itcvkc ctvku\".\"_ (provided as a character array within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT2 cipher had been applied. In that case A→C, B→D, ..., Y→A, and Z→B; similarly, a→c, b→d, ..., y→a, and z→b. \r\nThus the original message would have been: _\"My motto's always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".\"_ . Eight of the 37 characters have been matched: \"My\", \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\", and \"been\". Note carefully that: \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\" should only be matched once; \"to\" (in motto), \"be\" (in been), \"at\" (in gratia), \"is\" (in artis) and \"a\" (passim) should _not_ be matched at all; and \"\u0026#x200A;'\u0026#x200A;\" will only ever be used as an apostrophe (never as a quotation mark). \r\n\r\nThe correct answer would therefore comprise: \r\n\r\n s.shift = uint8(2) \r\n s.message = {'My motto''s always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".'}\r\n s.certitude = uint8(73)\r\n\r\nIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then return the original encoded message(s) unchanged, with a shift of zero and a certitude of zero. \r\n\r\n|Note: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)| \r\n\r\nTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\". \r\n\r\n----------\r\n\r\nPrevious problem: \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356 Operation Orthos\u003e. Next problem: TBA.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\"\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/a\u003e (a type of \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\"\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/a\u003e), an example of which is the \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\"\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/a\u003e (discussed in \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\"\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/a\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation, numbers, accented letters) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and will vary \u003ci\u003ebetween\u003c/i\u003e (not within) batches — also, here you need to decode, not encode.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese latest activities that you are investigating have been nicknamed 'Operation Xiangliu' by your own organisation. A few decoding options are at your organisation's disposal:\u003c/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eTest the candidate decodings against all words in a large dictionary — this could work, but it is very slow.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTest the candidate decodings for the appearance of a name or phrase that is certain to appear regularly (e.g. \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351\"\u003e\"Operation Phoenix\"\u003c/a\u003e) — unfortunately as yet there is not enough knowledge of the activities to be sure of a suitable name or phrase to use.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTest the candidate decodings against all words in a short list comprising, say, the hundred most frequently used English words.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cb\u003ethird option\u003c/b\u003e will be faster than the first option, and more reliable than the second option, so this is the approach you will be taking.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou have been careful to avoid using 'lemmatised' lists (which contain e.g. the verb \"to be\", rather than the various inflected forms such as \"am\", \"is\", \"are\") like those based on the \u003ca href = \"https://web.archive.org/web/20111226085859/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/the-oec-facts-about-the-language\"\u003eOEC\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href = \"https://www.wordfrequency.info/free.asp?s=y\"\u003eCOCA\u003c/a\u003e, and after setting aside \u003ca href = \"http://world-english.org/english500.htm\"\u003eanother list\u003c/a\u003e you finally choose the \u003ca href = \"http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/bncfreq/samples/120.pdf\"\u003elist based on the BNC\u003c/a\u003e as the most reliable, and will use the first 100 words on that list. \r\nThis list will be available for you to access as an input variable, \u003ctt\u003ebncWordlist\u003c/tt\u003e, to your function. Note: (i) some entries on the list are morphemes (e.g. \"\u0026#x200A;n't\u0026#x200A;\" and \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\") rather than words; (ii) some entries appear more than once (representing different grammatical word classes). Of course, in the original messages any capitalisation might be used.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou have been instructed that your 'certitude' (degree of confidence) in the decoding must be reported for each batch, and shall depend proportionally upon the sum of the characters for the words/morphemes in the decoded message that match words/morphemes in \u003ctt\u003ebncWordlist\u003c/tt\u003e. Being able to match words/morphemes accounting for three-tenths of the characters (excluding spaces) shall correspond to 100% certitude; matching three-twentieths would be 50% certitude, and so on. Certitude shall be reported as a percentage, rounded \u003ci\u003eup\u003c/i\u003e to the nearest integer, not greater than 100. You need to maximise your certitude for each batch by appropriate choice of the shifting parameter. If there are multiple shifts of equal certitude, report both options on different rows (arranged in order of ascending shift parameter).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\"\u003estructure array\u003c/a\u003e: \u0026nbsp; (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"\u003euint8\u003c/a\u003e] (usually scalar, but may be column vector); \u0026nbsp; (2) the decoded messages [as a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta\"\u003ecell array\u003c/a\u003e (containing \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\"\u003echaracter arrays\u003c/a\u003e)] (usually an array with a single row, but occasionally with multiple rows); \u0026nbsp; (3) your 'certitude' in the decoding [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"\u003euint8\u003c/a\u003e] (always scalar). \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \u003ctt\u003es\u003c/tt\u003e, with respective fields \u003ctt\u003eshift\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003emessage\u003c/tt\u003e, and \u003ctt\u003ecertitude\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEXAMPLE 1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages — \u003ci\u003e\"Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.\"\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e\"Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.\"\u003c/i\u003e (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. \r\nThus the original messages would have been: \u003ci\u003e\"Unless pursued, open no doors.\"\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e\"Eels can kill, not only wound.\"\u003c/i\u003e . Twelve of the 51 characters have been matched: \"no\", \"can\", \"not\", and \"only\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correct answer would therefore comprise:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003es.shift = uint8(1) \r\ns.message = {'Unless pursued, open no doors.', 'Eels can kill, not only wound.'}\r\ns.certitude = uint8(79)\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEXAMPLE 2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose the batch contained one encoded message — \u003ci\u003e\"Oa oqvvq'u cnycau dggp: \"Ctu itcvkc ctvku\".\"\u003c/i\u003e (provided as a character array within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT2 cipher had been applied. In that case A→C, B→D, ..., Y→A, and Z→B; similarly, a→c, b→d, ..., y→a, and z→b. \r\nThus the original message would have been: \u003ci\u003e\"My motto's always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".\"\u003c/i\u003e . Eight of the 37 characters have been matched: \"My\", \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\", and \"been\". Note carefully that: \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\" should only be matched once; \"to\" (in motto), \"be\" (in been), \"at\" (in gratia), \"is\" (in artis) and \"a\" (passim) should \u003ci\u003enot\u003c/i\u003e be matched at all; and \"\u0026#x200A;'\u0026#x200A;\" will only ever be used as an apostrophe (never as a quotation mark).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correct answer would therefore comprise:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003es.shift = uint8(2) \r\ns.message = {'My motto''s always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".'}\r\ns.certitude = uint8(73)\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then return the original encoded message(s) unchanged, with a shift of zero and a certitude of zero.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e----------\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious problem: \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\"\u003eOperation Orthos\u003c/a\u003e. Next problem: TBA.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"% Comments are nice, aren't they....\r\nfunction s = decode(x, bncWordlist)\r\nend","test_suite":"%% NOTE: \r\n% This test suite can be updated if inappropriate 'hacks' \r\n% are discovered in any submitted solutions.\r\n% The assessment of your submission may therefore change over time. \r\n\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nbncWordlist = {'the', 'of', 'and', 'a', 'in', 'to', 'it', 'is', 'to', 'was', ...\r\n 'I', 'for', 'that', 'you', 'he', 'be', 'with', 'on', 'by', 'at', ...\r\n 'have', 'are', 'not', 'this', '''s', 'but', 'had', 'they', 'his', ...\r\n 'from', 'she', 'that', 'which', 'or', 'we', '''s', 'an', 'n''t', 'were', ...\r\n 'as', 'do', 'been', 'their', 'has', 'would', 'there', 'what', 'will', 'all', ...\r\n 'if', 'can', 'her', 'said', 'who', 'one', 'so', 'up', 'as', 'them', 'some', ...\r\n 'when', 'could', 'him', 'into', 'its', 'then', 'two', 'out', 'time', ...\r\n 'my', 'about', 'did', 'your', 'now', 'me', 'no', 'other', 'only', 'just', ...\r\n 'more', 'these', 'also', 'people', 'know', 'any', 'first', 'see', 'very', 'new', ...\r\n 'may', 'well', 'should', 'her', 'like', 'than', 'how', 'get', 'way', 'one', 'our'};\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Anti-hacking\r\n% EDIT (2019-07-02). Anti-hacking provision\r\n% Ensure only builtin functions will be called.\r\n! rm -v fileread.m\r\n! rm -v assert.m\r\n% END EDIT (2019-07-02)\r\n% EDIT (2018-06-18). Anti-hacking provision\r\nRE = regexp(fileread('decode.m'), '\\w+', 'match');\r\ntabooWords = {'ans', 'assert', 'freepass', 'tic'};\r\ntestResult = cellfun( @(z) ismember(z, tabooWords), RE );\r\nmsg = ['Please do not do that in your code!' char([10 13]) ...\r\n 'Found: ' strjoin(RE(testResult)) '.' char([10 13]) ...\r\n 'Banned word.' char([10 13])];\r\nassert(~any( cellfun( @(z) ismember(z, tabooWords), RE ) ), msg)\r\n\r\nfor j = 1 : randi(10)\r\n decode({'Pizza for dinner.'}, {'mozzarella', 'mushrooms'});\r\nend;\r\n% END EDIT (2018-06-18)\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 1\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.', 'Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(1);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Unless pursued, open no doors.', 'Eels can kill, not only wound.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(79);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\n%disp(' *** '); disp(s.message); disp(' *** ')\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message{1}, s_correct.message{1}), 'Wrong message{1}.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message{2}, s_correct.message{2}), 'Wrong message{2}.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s, s_correct), 'Wrong s.' )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8'), 'Wrong class.' )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'cell'), 'Wrong class.' )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message{1}), 'char'), 'Wrong class.' )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.certitude), 'uint8'), 'Wrong class.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 2\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Doo zduiduh lv edvhg rq ghfhswlrq.', ...\r\n 'Khqfh, zkhq deoh wr dwwdfn, zh pxvw vhhp xqdeoh; zkhq xvlqj rxu irufhv, zh pxvw vhhp lqdfwlyh; zkhq zh duh qhdu, zh pxvw pdnh wkh hqhpb eholhyh zh duh idu dzdb; zkhq idu dzdb, zh pxvw pdnh klp eholhyh zh duh qhdu.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(3);\r\ns_correct.message = {'All warfare is based on deception.', ...\r\n 'Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(95);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\n%disp(' *** '); disp(s.message); disp(' *** ')\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 3\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Elia lrq yxfqp ql bkqfzb qeb bkbjv. Cbfdk afploabo, xka zorpe efj.', ...\r\n 'Fc eb fp pbzrob xq xii mlfkqp, yb mobmxoba clo efj. Fc eb fp fk prmboflo pqobkdqe, bsxab efj.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(23);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him.', ...\r\n 'If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(100);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 4\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Ax qgmj ghhgfwfl ak gx uzgdwjau lwehwj, kwwc lg ajjalslw zae. Hjwlwfv lg tw owsc, lzsl zw esq yjgo sjjgysfl.', ...\r\n 'Ax zw ak lscafy zak wskw, yanw zae fg jwkl.', ...\r\n 'Ax zak xgjuwk sjw mfalwv, kwhsjslw lzwe.', ...\r\n 'Sllsuc zae ozwjw zw ak mfhjwhsjwv, shhwsj ozwjw qgm sjw fgl wphwulwv.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(18);\r\ns_correct.message = {'If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.', ...\r\n 'If he is taking his ease, give him no rest.', ...\r\n 'If his forces are united, separate them.', ...\r\n 'Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(100);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 5\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Aes cèwo vo foxd bémyvdo vo dowzy', ...\r\n 'Yx wo dbksdo no dbkîdbo aekxn to dbksdo no vk népksdo ne csvoxmo / Vo csvoxmo ocd n''yb, wksc t''ks mryscs vk mknoxmo', ... \r\n 'Mrkaeo wyd, mrkaeo zrbkco nsdc kfom owzrkco / Pksd no Mvkeno WM, vo mywwkxny no vk zrbkco', ...\r\n 'Mkb t''cesc ex WM n''kddkaeo, ckxc dsmc, kedroxdsaeo zkc ox dym / Zbêd à pbkzzob ceb vo lokd zyeb vo wyefowoxd rsz-ryz', ...\r\n 'Ne bkz n''kddkaeo aes pbkzzo, ézkdo, wkdbkaeo od zkdkdbkaeo / Zvec no ckxq de mvkaeoc, t''cesc WM noc Mkbzkdoc', ...\r\n 'Vo zénkqyqeo ox fyqeo ke xyw no myno Cyvkkb ye Mvkeno WM / Do zbyzyco n''émyedob moms / Ae''yx ézovvo voc fyiovvoc, nèc ae''yx cyxxo voc myxcyxxoc'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8([0 21]');\r\n% TIP: The original message was not English!\r\ns_correct.message(1, :) = {'Aes cèwo vo foxd bémyvdo vo dowzy', ... \r\n 'Yx wo dbksdo no dbkîdbo aekxn to dbksdo no vk népksdo ne csvoxmo / Vo csvoxmo ocd n''yb, wksc t''ks mryscs vk mknoxmo', ... \r\n 'Mrkaeo wyd, mrkaeo zrbkco nsdc kfom owzrkco / Pksd no Mvkeno WM, vo mywwkxny no vk zrbkco', ... \r\n 'Mkb t''cesc ex WM n''kddkaeo, ckxc dsmc, kedroxdsaeo zkc ox dym / Zbêd à pbkzzob ceb vo lokd zyeb vo wyefowoxd rsz-ryz', ... \r\n 'Ne bkz n''kddkaeo aes pbkzzo, ézkdo, wkdbkaeo od zkdkdbkaeo / Zvec no ckxq de mvkaeoc, t''cesc WM noc Mkbzkdoc', ... \r\n 'Vo zénkqyqeo ox fyqeo ke xyw no myno Cyvkkb ye Mvkeno WM / Do zbyzyco n''émyedob moms / Ae''yx ézovvo voc fyiovvoc, nèc ae''yx cyxxo voc myxcyxxoc'}\r\ns_correct.message(2, :) = {'Fjx hèbt at ktci gérdait at itbed', ... \r\n 'Dc bt igpxit st igpîigt fjpcs yt igpxit st ap séupxit sj hxatcrt / At hxatcrt thi s''dg, bpxh y''px rwdxhx ap rpstcrt', ... \r\n 'Rwpfjt bdi, rwpfjt ewgpht sxih pktr tbewpht / Upxi st Rapjst BR, at rdbbpcsd st ap ewgpht', ... \r\n 'Rpg y''hjxh jc BR s''piipfjt, hpch ixrh, pjiwtcixfjt eph tc idr / Egêi à ugpeetg hjg at qtpi edjg at bdjktbtci wxe-wde', ... \r\n 'Sj gpe s''piipfjt fjx ugpeet, éepit, bpigpfjt ti epipigpfjt / Eajh st hpcv ij rapfjth, y''hjxh BR sth Rpgepith', ... \r\n 'At eéspvdvjt tc kdvjt pj cdb st rdst Hdappg dj Rapjst BR / It egdedht s''érdjitg rtrx / Fj''dc éetaat ath kdntaath, sèh fj''dc hdcct ath rdchdccth'}\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(11);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 6\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Brvdujcnm mrbxamna yxbcdujcnb ynaonlc mrblryurwn; brvdujcnm onja yxbcdujcnb lxdajpn; brvdujcnm fnjtwnbb yxbcdujcnb bcanwpcq.' ...\r\n 'X mrerwn jac xo bdkcunch jwm bnlanlh!'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(9);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline; simulated fear postulates courage; simulated weakness postulates strength.' ...\r\n 'O divine art of subtlety and secrecy!'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(12);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 7\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Nv treefk vekvi zekf rcczretv nzky evzxysfizex gizetvj lekzc nv riv rthlrzekvu nzky kyvzi uvjzxej.', ... \r\n 'Nv riv efk wzk kf cvru re ridp fe kyv drity lecvjj nv riv wrdzczri nzky kyv wrtv fw kyv tflekip — zkj dflekrzej reu wfivjkj, zkj gzkwrccj reu givtzgztvj, zkj drijyvj reu jnrdgj.', ... \r\n 'Nv jyrcc sv lerscv kf klie erklirc rumrekrxvj kf rttflek lecvjj nv drbv ljv fw cftrc xlzuvj.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(17);\r\ns_correct.message = {'We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with their designs.', ... \r\n 'We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country — its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and swamps.', ... \r\n 'We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(97);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 8\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Oa oqvvq''u cnycau dggp: \"Ctu itcvkc ctvku\".'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(2);\r\ns_correct.message = {'My motto''s always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(73);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 9\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Bestow rewards without regard 2 rule; issue orders without regard 2 previous arrangements', ...\r\n '\"Let advance bee richly rewarded \u0026 retreat bee heavily punished.\"', ...\r\n ' Qwertyuiop''asdfghjkl. Zxcvbnm-0123456789 = pass. ', ...\r\n 'αβγδ — persimon–apricot hybrid.', ...\r\n 'aIanasatbebydoheifinisitmemynoofonor''ssotoupweallandanyarebutcandidforgethadhasherhimhishowitsmaynewnotnown''toneouroutseeshethetwowaswaywhoyoualsobeenfromhaveintojustknowlikemoreonlysaidsomethanthatthemthentheythistimeverywellwerewhatwhenwillwithyouraboutcouldfirstothertheirtherethesewhichwouldpeopleshould'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(0);\r\ns_correct.message = x;\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(0);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% TIMING \r\n% Note: The Time Trial section does not check accuracy; that is done above.\r\n\r\n% Acknowledgements \r\n% Portions of this timing test code were inspired by:\r\n% (1) Problem 937. \"Rubik's Mini Cube: Solve Randomized Cube in 11 Moves or Less; Score is by Time (msec)\" by Richard Zapor.\r\n% (2) Problem 2733. \"Evil Number\" by Jan Orwat.\r\n% (3) Feedback in comments from Peng Liu.\r\n% (4) Problem Problem 1237. \"It's race time! Write a faster function than the test suite call of unique().\" by Jeremy.\r\n\r\n% INITIALISE\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.', 'Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.'};\r\nqSmall = 50;\r\nqBig = 1000;\r\n%cutoffTimeBig = 10; % Maximum allowable walltime (in seconds) to run function in a loop with qBig iterations.\r\n\r\n% EDIT (2018-06-17). Reduced time [slightly] to pose reasonable challenge.\r\n% Accounted for improving Cody server speed per Problem 44655.\r\ncutoffTimeBig = 8; % Maximum allowable walltime (in seconds) to run function in a loop with qBig iterations.\r\ntRef = datetime('2018-06-17', 'InputFormat','yyyy-MM-dd');\r\ntNow = datetime('now');\r\nyearsElapsed = (datenum(tNow) - datenum(tRef)) / 365.24;\r\ndisp(' . ');\r\nfprintf('\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\nSubmission evaluated for speed on %s.\\r\\n', datestr(tNow, 'dd mmmm yyyy'))\r\nrInf = 0.2; delta = cutoffTimeBig - rInf; tau = 3.6; % Data from Problem 44655, based on Problem 963.\r\nqBig = ceil( qBig * (cutoffTimeBig - rInf) * exp(yearsElapsed/tau) / delta );\r\nfprintf('\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\nTo account for computational power increases over time, number of iterations increased to %u.\\r\\n', qBig)\r\n% END EDIT (2018-06-17)\r\n\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING WITH timeit ***\r\nfDecode = @() decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\ndt_timeit = timeit( fDecode );\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\nfprintf('APPROXIMATE time to decode %u message batches ~ %2.2f seconds, according to ''timeit''.\\n\\r', qBig, dt_timeit * qBig)\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING WITH SHORT LOOP ***\r\n% In case the submitted function has a lot of text output, \r\n% get an estimate based on just a few iterations\r\n% Initialise\r\nt0 = clock;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qSmall\r\n solution = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0);\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\n%fprintf('Your wall time to decode %u message batches = %i seconds.\\n\\r', qSmall, floor(dt))\r\nfprintf('APPROXIMATE wall time to decode %u message batches ~ %2.2f seconds, by extrapolating from %u batches.\\n\\r', qBig, dt * qBig / qSmall, qSmall)\r\n\r\n% *** 'OFFICIAL' TIMING ***\r\n% Re-initialise timer\r\nt0 = clock;\r\nt0_cpu = cputime;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qBig\r\n % EDIT (2018-06-17). Ensure each case is unique.\r\n characters = [' , .' char(randi([97,122], [1,23]))];\r\n x{2} = characters( randperm(30) );\r\n % END EDIT (2018-06-17)\r\n solution = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0);\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\nfprintf('Your wall time to decode %u message batches = %2.2f seconds.\\n\\r', qBig, dt)\r\n\r\ndt_cpu = (cputime - t0_cpu);\r\nfprintf(' ( Your CPU time for this = %2.2f seconds. ) \\n\\r', dt_cpu)\r\n\r\n% Display (default) Cody size-based score.\r\nall_nodes = mtree('decode.m', '-file');\r\nsize_score = count(all_nodes);\r\nfprintf('Your Cody-standard size-based score = %i.\\n\\r', size_score)\r\n\r\n% Report revised performance score\r\ncombinedScore = size_score + round(dt * 10);\r\nfprintf('Your combined score = %i.\\n\\r', combinedScore)\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\n\r\n% Now disallow any candidate solutions that are TOO SLOW!\r\nif dt \u003e cutoffTimeBig, \r\n fprintf('Sorry, your submission is TOO SLOW. It must be able to finish within %u seconds.\\n\\r', cutoffTimeBig)\r\nend;\r\n\r\nassert( dt \u003c= cutoffTimeBig, 'Exceeded time limit specified in Test Suite.' )","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":16,"created_by":64439,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":13,"test_suite_updated_at":"2019-07-02T13:23:18.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":true,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2017-10-12T23:17:24.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T20:05:58.000Z","published_at":"2017-10-15T06:52:40.000Z","restored_at":"2017-10-25T07:03:11.000Z","restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":true,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (a type of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e), an example of which is the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (discussed in\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation, numbers, accented letters) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and will vary\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ebetween\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (not within) batches — also, here you need to decode, not encode.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThese latest activities that you are investigating have been nicknamed 'Operation Xiangliu' by your own organisation. A few decoding options are at your organisation's disposal:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTest the candidate decodings against all words in a large dictionary — this could work, but it is very slow.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTest the candidate decodings for the appearance of a name or phrase that is certain to appear regularly (e.g.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Operation Phoenix\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) — unfortunately as yet there is not enough knowledge of the activities to be sure of a suitable name or phrase to use.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTest the candidate decodings against all words in a short list comprising, say, the hundred most frequently used English words.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ethird option\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e will be faster than the first option, and more reliable than the second option, so this is the approach you will be taking.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been careful to avoid using 'lemmatised' lists (which contain e.g. the verb \\\"to be\\\", rather than the various inflected forms such as \\\"am\\\", \\\"is\\\", \\\"are\\\") like those based on the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://web.archive.org/web/20111226085859/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/the-oec-facts-about-the-language\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOEC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e or\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.wordfrequency.info/free.asp?s=y\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCOCA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, and after setting aside\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://world-english.org/english500.htm\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eanother list\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e you finally choose the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/bncfreq/samples/120.pdf\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003elist based on the BNC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e as the most reliable, and will use the first 100 words on that list. This list will be available for you to access as an input variable,\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ebncWordlist\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, to your function. Note: (i) some entries on the list are morphemes (e.g. \\\" n't \\\" and \\\" 's \\\") rather than words; (ii) some entries appear more than once (representing different grammatical word classes). Of course, in the original messages any capitalisation might be used.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been instructed that your 'certitude' (degree of confidence) in the decoding must be reported for each batch, and shall depend proportionally upon the sum of the characters for the words/morphemes in the decoded message that match words/morphemes in\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ebncWordlist\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Being able to match words/morphemes accounting for three-tenths of the characters (excluding spaces) shall correspond to 100% certitude; matching three-twentieths would be 50% certitude, and so on. Certitude shall be reported as a percentage, rounded\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eup\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e to the nearest integer, not greater than 100. You need to maximise your certitude for each batch by appropriate choice of the shifting parameter. If there are multiple shifts of equal certitude, report both options on different rows (arranged in order of ascending shift parameter).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003estructure array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003euint8\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e] (usually scalar, but may be column vector); (2) the decoded messages [as a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecell array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (containing\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echaracter arrays\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e)] (usually an array with a single row, but occasionally with multiple rows); (3) your 'certitude' in the decoding [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003euint8\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e] (always scalar). The name of the structure array shall be\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003es\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, with respective fields\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eshift\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e,\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003emessage\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecertitude\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEXAMPLE 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages —\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. Thus the original messages would have been: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Unless pursued, open no doors.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Eels can kill, not only wound.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e . Twelve of the 51 characters have been matched: \\\"no\\\", \\\"can\\\", \\\"not\\\", and \\\"only\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe correct answer would therefore comprise:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(1) \\ns.message = {'Unless pursued, open no doors.', 'Eels can kill, not only wound.'}\\ns.certitude = uint8(79)]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEXAMPLE 2\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSuppose the batch contained one encoded message —\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Oa oqvvq'u cnycau dggp: \\\"Ctu itcvkc ctvku\\\".\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (provided as a character array within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT2 cipher had been applied. In that case A→C, B→D, ..., Y→A, and Z→B; similarly, a→c, b→d, ..., y→a, and z→b. Thus the original message would have been: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"My motto's always been: \\\"Ars gratia artis\\\".\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e . Eight of the 37 characters have been matched: \\\"My\\\", \\\" 's \\\", and \\\"been\\\". Note carefully that: \\\" 's \\\" should only be matched once; \\\"to\\\" (in motto), \\\"be\\\" (in been), \\\"at\\\" (in gratia), \\\"is\\\" (in artis) and \\\"a\\\" (passim) should\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003enot\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e be matched at all; and \\\" ' \\\" will only ever be used as an apostrophe (never as a quotation mark).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe correct answer would therefore comprise:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(2) \\ns.message = {'My motto''s always been: \\\"Ars gratia artis\\\".'}\\ns.certitude = uint8(73)]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then return the original encoded message(s) unchanged, with a shift of zero and a certitude of zero.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \\\"too slow\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e----------\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrevious problem: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOperation Orthos\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Next problem: TBA.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":45212,"title":"AES MixColumns() Transformation","description":"Given a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm MixColumns() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\r\n\r\nRefer to this link: \u003chttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003e\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n stateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\n stateO=['36';'6a';'08';'2c';'4a';'1b';'d9';'63';'02';'9c';'37';'67';'c6';'00';'35';'f8'];","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm MixColumns() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefer to this link: \u003ca href = \"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\"\u003ehttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003estateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\nstateO=['36';'6a';'08';'2c';'4a';'1b';'d9';'63';'02';'9c';'37';'67';'c6';'00';'35';'f8'];\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function stateO = MixColumns(stateI)\r\n stateO = stateI;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nstateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\nstateO=['36';'6a';'08';'2c';'4a';'1b';'d9';'63';'02';'9c';'37';'67';'c6';'00';'35';'f8'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2']; \r\nstateO=['ea'\r\n '75'\r\n '96'\r\n 'de'\r\n 'e9'\r\n 'a0'\r\n 'fb'\r\n '8a'\r\n 'f0'\r\n '1c'\r\n '09'\r\n '9b'\r\n '35'\r\n '67'\r\n '8d'\r\n 'bc'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['82';'c5';'61';'d4';'70';'4c';'37';'c5';'cb';'08';'4a';'1c';'82';'08';'a8';'3a']; \r\nstateO=['fe'\r\n '64'\r\n 'e2'\r\n '8a'\r\n 'c6'\r\n '74'\r\n '06'\r\n '7a'\r\n 'c3'\r\n '19'\r\n '73'\r\n '3c'\r\n '95'\r\n '4b'\r\n '8f'\r\n '49'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['13';'a6';'ef';'48';'51';'29';'9a';'a6';'1f';'30';'d6';'9c';'13';'30';'c2';'80']; \r\nstateO=['70'\r\n '26'\r\n 'a8'\r\n 'ec'\r\n 'e5'\r\n '10'\r\n 'a6'\r\n '17'\r\n '24'\r\n '82'\r\n '27'\r\n 'e4'\r\n '34'\r\n 'ae'\r\n '27'\r\n 'dc'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['70'\r\n '26'\r\n 'a8'\r\n 'ec'\r\n 'e5'\r\n '10'\r\n 'a6'\r\n '17'\r\n '24'\r\n '82'\r\n '27'\r\n 'e4'\r\n '34'\r\n 'ae'\r\n '27'\r\n 'dc'];\r\nstateO=['ce'\r\n '33'\r\n '32'\r\n 'dd'\r\n '50'\r\n '23'\r\n '9b'\r\n 'ac'\r\n '16'\r\n 'b6'\r\n 'df'\r\n '1a'\r\n '7a'\r\n 'c6'\r\n 'ab'\r\n '76'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['ce'\r\n '33'\r\n '32'\r\n 'dd'\r\n '50'\r\n '23'\r\n '9b'\r\n 'ac'\r\n '16'\r\n 'b6'\r\n 'df'\r\n '1a'\r\n '7a'\r\n 'c6'\r\n 'ab'\r\n '76'];\r\nstateO=['3d'\r\n '23'\r\n 'e5'\r\n 'e9'\r\n 'f2'\r\n '0c'\r\n 'b1'\r\n '0b'\r\n '28'\r\n '01'\r\n '2b'\r\n '67'\r\n '78'\r\n '7d'\r\n '6b'\r\n '0f'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":3,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-11-21T18:10:13.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-11T16:05:08.000Z","published_at":"2019-11-21T18:19:12.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm MixColumns() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRefer to this link:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[stateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\\nstateO=['36';'6a';'08';'2c';'4a';'1b';'d9';'63';'02';'9c';'37';'67';'c6';'00';'35';'f8'];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44924,"title":"Create State Array for initiating SHA-3-224 Hash","description":"Create binary represented state array (as the initial input to the sponge function (f)) from any length character array (N) with width (b=1600), digest length (d=224) and lane size (w=64) using SHA-3 Standard:\r\n\r\n\u003c\u003chttps://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.202.pdf\u003e\u003e. \r\n\r\nConvert character array to binary representation using UTF-8 value of each character. Output state array will be a matrix with size (5,5,64). Padding in accordance with the standard is required. XOR of the rate bits (r) with the padded message stream is required.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 165px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 82.5px; transform-origin: 407px 82.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCreate binary represented state array (as the initial input to the sponge function (f)) from any length character array (N) with width (b=1600), digest length (d=224) and lane size (w=64) using SHA-3 Standard:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ehttps://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.202.pdf \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eConvert character array to binary representation using UTF-8 value of each character. Output state array will be a matrix with size (5,5,64). Padding in accordance with the standard is required. XOR of the rate bits (r) with the padded message stream is required (see figure 7, page 18). Just the first 1600 bit input to the first function (f) represented as a state array (see section 3.1.2) is required for the output.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function A = SHA3(N)\r\n A=zeros(5,5,64);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nN = '';\r\nA='0110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000';\r\nassert(isequal(SHA3(N),reshape(reshape(A-48,[64,25])',[5,5,64])))\r\n%%\r\nN = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';\r\nA='1110000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000101000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000001010000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101000000000000000000000010100000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000001100000000000000010000000';\r\nassert(isequal(SHA3(N),reshape(A-48,[5,5,64])))\r\n%%\r\nN = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nA='1100100110010011000000000000101010010010011000000011001110100011111100000000101010011011101000000000010111111111000011000000001110110011000101100000000010000111010110100000000110100001010011100000000010110101100011100000000000001001001000100100000000000011001001111001000000010011000011100001100000000011000001100100110000000111110000100001110000000011001001100101110100000001101001100100111100000000000011110101110010000000010001110001110111100000001111110101011011110000000111100100111000111000000011111000110111111000000001110110110001111010000000110111111000111011000000010101110010111011000000000111110110001010100000000000111100011000001000000001111000001000001100000000110010011000111100000000110100011010011101000000010011111001011100000000000010011010001100100000000100111001011101101000000011101001101110101100000000101001011101101010000000011000010100000110000000011011111101101110100000001001010100111110010000000000111110010010101000000000000101001110010000000001100100001110001010000000011100000110010011000000011100001111100101000000000100010010000111000000000101001111100011011000000000100110011111100100000000100110001011000010000000001110101011100010000000001101010111001101100000000111010011011001100000000110010111001001111000000010110111101100110100000001010011101001100000000000011011001011101010000000010111011000101111000000001111001110101101010000000111011111100110110000000011010011100110110000000001010011100001010000000000001001100000011100000000011001110000010110000000000011100010110001010000000001100001110000111000000000100111111000111100000001100100111000001000000000';\r\nassert(isequal(SHA3(N),reshape(A-48,[5,5,64])))\r\n%%\r\nN = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods. Third, adjust all your means to that end.';\r\nA='1100010111000111000000000011011110001111011000000000101010111111011000000000111110110101011010000000110110001011111001000000010110000011001101100000000111000111001110110000000110000111000101110000000010100011010001100100000000001111100001100000000000110011001011101010000000000101011001100101100000000111001101110100010000000101010100110101110000000011101001100100010100000001000010100001110100000000101000101110010110000000000000100100111110000000000001100101110010010000000101100000010000101000000001110001011101011000000001100000010110101010000000100000110001001001000000010100110000111000100000000000110100101100010000000001110110001110001000000011010011011010011100000001011111011000101100000000110001101000011100000000010100111010010110100000001011111011001100000000000000011000101101100000000010011000001100101100000000001010001101000110000000011001101100101111000000001001101101010110000000001000011000101110100000000000001110101110011000000011011100001111111100000001001101001111010000000000001100011110011111000000001100011110011111000000000100100110000111010000000100001111011111101000000000011110000111001100000000111110011111010000000000001110011111111100000000001110110011000100100000000111010111010001100000000110000111000111100000000010110011000001100000000000010101001000101000000000110011001011110000000000001011000011100100100000000011010111100001100000000011011110101011111000000011011011111001110000000001000001100100110110000000011000100011111010000000000010111010110100000000000011100101110000110000000011110110110010111000000011101001111010111000000001100000111010001010000000';\r\nassert(isequal(SHA3(N),reshape(A-48,[5,5,64])))\r\n\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":3,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":3,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-06-18T00:59:47.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-16T14:21:12.000Z","published_at":"2019-08-28T19:00:57.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCreate binary represented state array (as the initial input to the sponge function (f)) from any length character array (N) with width (b=1600), digest length (d=224) and lane size (w=64) using SHA-3 Standard:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ehttps://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.202.pdf \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eConvert character array to binary representation using UTF-8 value of each character. Output state array will be a matrix with size (5,5,64). Padding in accordance with the standard is required. XOR of the rate bits (r) with the padded message stream is required (see figure 7, page 18). Just the first 1600 bit input to the first function (f) represented as a state array (see section 3.1.2) is required for the output.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":44965,"title":"Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding decoding of message for RSA Cryptography","description":"EME-OAEP decoding by reversing the Feistel network using previously determined mask generation function (MGF1) and SHA-1 hashing. A matrix of octets is provided as the input (EM) which is the output of EME-OAEP encoding (see problem 44964/below link 7.1.2 page 21). The label (L) is not provided or checked against the encoded label. No error checks should be conducted. Output should be the character string represented by the octets.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n EM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,...\r\n87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,...\r\n35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,...\r\n217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,...\r\n148,12,50,108,248,32,94];%input\r\n M = 'I like to swim.';%output\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://www.emc.com/collateral/white-papers/h11300-pkcs-1v2-2-rsa-cryptography-standard-wp.pdf\u003e","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 275px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 137.5px; transform-origin: 407px 137.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEME-OAEP decoding by reversing the Feistel network using previously determined mask generation function (MGF1) and SHA-1 hashing. A matrix of octets is provided as the input (EM) which is the output of EME-OAEP encoding (see problem 44964/below link, section 9.1.1.2). The label (L) is not provided or checked against the encoded label. No error checks should be conducted. Output should be the character string represented by the octets.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor example:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 120px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 60px; transform-origin: 404px 60px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e148,12,50,108,248,32,94];\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eM = \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); \"\u003e'I like to swim.'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%output\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function M = EMEOAEPdecoding(EM)\r\n M = 'I like to swim.';\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,148,12,50,108,248,32,94];\r\nM = 'I like to swim.';\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPdecoding(EM),M))\r\n%%\r\nEM = [0 145 194 62 62 111 86 188 50 37 165 231 16 42 25 79 223 177 117 187 135 200 203 136 184 133 38 175 66 35 142 212 144 116 66 37 151 8 190 218 29 238 213 11 189 225 88 83 218 175 183 98 58 237 89 80 123 64 40 154 137 44 13 186 97 133 92 11 228 32 100 188 61 37 150 198 178 73 252 17 133 233 68 13 39 99 3 239 108 106 202 227 127 142 79 34 126 244 41 92 240 8 127 153 251 25 82 79 247 92 187 51 84 38 104 240 52 209 144 160 144 119 131 67 128 116 98 132 51 79 8 114 69 202 80 243 194 61 17 33 225 232 173 5 153 230 32 155 34 62 72 2 211 212 227 5 115 217 33 189 21 170 51 190 217 119 148 73 209 109 114 90 104 237 168 60 144 120 191 7 186 8 205 111 192 249 192 197 34 225 209 153 234 5 27 165 82 42 132 167 158 64 218 239 71 49 166 27 37 9 154 2 255 193 72 75 7 121 121 240 74 116 185 58 79 106 68 14 17 49 68 96 160 2 75 15 122 144 36 47 230 112 39 221 21 141 251 178 10 215 180 230 184 189 112 108 187 83 94 157 69 140 201 40 158 119 28 159 116 196 206 112 91 141 68 122 113 183 92 111 44 149 187 223 179 157 29 79 180 231 38 122 231 82 98 42 69 14 162 53];\r\nM = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPdecoding(EM),M))\r\n%%\r\nEM = [0 85 82 177 212 151 6 148 36 245 178 209 163 30 35 103 231 155 104 206 51 230 201 47 178 114 199 15 172 217 175 58 48 240 133 0 186 218 10 200 31 238 213 10 237 132 55 35 182 202 151 21 82 130 121 35 14 35 75 255 236 72 45 210 0 243 57 43 137 79 9 217 83 81 227 171 156 105 168 121 224 201 41 98 85 6 35 155 4 15 179 195 12 251 44 65 27 145 77 112 208 124 23 252 219 116 61 61 146 124 207 91 49 95 72 135 85 191 228 128 228 24 163 48 245 23 1 225 86 43 40 19 43 174 112 135 170 88 49 76 142 154 200 37 237 142 69 226 2 88 33 108 183 244 130 37 4 184 88 157 97 197 19 205 172 20 247 44 180 9 92 122 59 132 197 85 252 25 205 107 195 36 237 24 168 156 174 229 81 142 188 252 133 107 126 133 59 89 164 193 255 41 182 134 41 86 138 59 81 97 255 34 139 164 38 47 98 23 26 137 106 29 202 26 59 5 100 105 116 69 100 15 206 34 42 47 30 255 83 65 145 17 85 185 53 254 139 219 120 182 216 198 204 213 17 24 155 48 63 243 101 233 191 77 240 87 126 250 23 171 163 21 123 236 100 9 20 219 58 66 74 224 215 185 218 241 113 38 218 128 6 10 149 61 18 66 32 109 219 27 107 176 90 163 116 99 71 16 108 89 192 253 121 121 76 157 101 157 217 51 53 248 195 95 93 183 71 29 199 2 182 31 120 35 167 44 189 160 2 154 234 162 113 204 18 138 81 155 86 122 147 44 23 181 90 135 49 235 41 194 82 181 31 45 131 78 127 198 121 132 49 6 186 66 157 159 79 110 184 152 83 107 73 61 22 86 160 156 200 177 64 217 32 251 102 4 165 143 254 215 165 224 110 76 57 69 13 198 180 106 236 11 39 238 0 220 63 109 239 190 19 85 92 23 28 183 233 72 88 193 8 101 127 214 171 7 94 156 148 220 40 84 44 149 7 245 165 150 197 27 93 255 146 15 132 133 174 208 4 156 246 12 37 50 78 85 95 212 198 41 22 138 214 135 145 197 137 114 172 128 48 126 202 198 0 35 15 37 127 1 34 44 164 46 131 12 87 254 9 210 140 50 85 180 173 121 24 14 192 237 75 224 91 242 205 155 8 136 51 38 161 6 129 234 36 1 56 251 11 6 73 36 74 230 95 174 47 94 53 106 142 71 123 88 32 41 7 108 41 101 40 120 254 196 47 251 83 224 181 114 255 127 56 6 182 182 153 244 162 214 115 183 162 69 47 174 112 68 89 110 180 43 47 159 195 123 73 230 230 186 204 129 110 234 218 152 57 154 232 91 68 237 204 222 179 175 192 249 1 128 5 180 93 29 14 97 175 138 175 221 223 219 62 93 142 51 123 194 90 6 215 32 181 60 48 92 100 114 28 164 71 110 244 129 190 125 27 156 223 133 7 128 55 127 93 3 21 66 38 184 50 52 6 164 175 17 255 103 42 28 126 66 19 149 66 6 234 170 194 104 85 42 166 171 117 101 33 74 35 181 46 242 102 192 226 183 132 223 154 97 142 119 107 6 98 93 129 255 247 144 159 12 245 161 179 28 1 228 24 38 147 55 148 10 247 224 154 201 241 32 53 23 219 52 0 124 35 47 36 89 180 68 57 183 240 94 235 86 152 105 26 113 72 38 83 194 138 16 45 187 50 207 192 151 54 80 108 139 211 116 186 176 20 250 32 117 237 241 239 224 147 110 22 190 71 59 47 97 8 144 236 102 8 216 238 225 40 212 181 238 106 223 38 121 175 55 54 194 114 234 213 89 36 150 177 249 96 235 51 12 205 84 247 160 76];\r\nM = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPdecoding(EM),M))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-09-07T01:49:31.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T13:23:25.000Z","published_at":"2019-09-07T01:56:46.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEME-OAEP decoding by reversing the Feistel network using previously determined mask generation function (MGF1) and SHA-1 hashing. A matrix of octets is provided as the input (EM) which is the output of EME-OAEP encoding (see problem 44964/below link, section 9.1.1.2). The label (L) is not provided or checked against the encoded label. No error checks should be conducted. Output should be the character string represented by the octets.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[EM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,...\\n87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,...\\n35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,...\\n217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,...\\n148,12,50,108,248,32,94];%input\\nM = 'I like to swim.';%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"}],"problem_search":{"errors":[],"problems":[{"id":55070,"title":"Caesar Cipher Shift","description":"Given a word and its encrypted version using the caesar cipher, find the shift used.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 10.5px; transform-origin: 407px 10.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven a word and its encrypted version using the caesar cipher, find the shift used.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function n = shift(d, e)\r\n n = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nd = 'Hello'\r\ne = 'Mjqqt'\r\nn_correct = 5;\r\nassert(isequal(shift(d, e), n_correct))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":2,"created_by":2446480,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":17,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-07-13T07:49:24.000Z","updated_at":"2026-02-10T08:53:18.000Z","published_at":"2022-07-13T07:49:24.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a word and its encrypted version using the caesar cipher, find the shift used.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":1151,"title":"Decrypt Polybius ","description":"Decrypt Polybius square. Please refer to Problem 1150 Polybius Square.\r\ninput [13 33 14 51] output 'cody';\r\ninput [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12] returns 'i love matlab'.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 81px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 40.5px; transform-origin: 407px 40.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 129.5px 8px; transform-origin: 129.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eDecrypt Polybius square. Please refer to \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"/#null\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eProblem 1150 Polybius Square.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 103.5px 8px; transform-origin: 103.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einput [13 33 14 51] output 'cody';\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 211.5px 8px; transform-origin: 211.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einput [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12] returns 'i love matlab'.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function y = decrypt_polybius(x)\r\n y = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = [13 33 14 51];\r\ny_correct = 'cody';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12] ;\r\ny_correct = 'i love matlab';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = [34 33 26 51 12 23 43 41];\r\ny_correct = 'polybius';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = [31 11 42 22 45 33 36 25 41 0 31 11 14 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12];\r\ny_correct = 'mathworks made matlab';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = [51 33 0 41 43 34];\r\ny_correct = 'yo sup';\r\nassert(isequal(decrypt_polybius(x),y_correct))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":8703,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":35,"test_suite_updated_at":"2021-07-18T13:37:06.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2012-12-30T14:26:09.000Z","updated_at":"2025-08-14T15:41:08.000Z","published_at":"2012-12-30T14:26:09.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDecrypt Polybius square. Please refer to \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eProblem 1150 Polybius Square.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einput [13 33 14 51] output 'cody';\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einput [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12] returns 'i love matlab'.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":45282,"title":"Cryptography with A Square Matrix : Decoding","description":"Previous Problem: Cryptography with A Square Matrix : Encoding\r\nNow decode a double vector to a (hopefully!) meaningful text.\r\nInputs are encoded vector and key matrix.\r\n encodedVector = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\r\n\r\n key = magic(3);\r\ninverse of key\r\n inverseKey = [0.147222222222222 -0.144444444444444 0.0638888888888889\r\n -0.0611111111111111 0.0222222222222222 0.105555555555556\r\n -0.0194444444444445 0.188888888888889 -0.102777777777778];\r\nReshape encodedVector so it has the same number of rows with key\r\n reshapedVector = [1665 1549 486 1503 1192;\r\n 1624 1495 510 1552 747;\r\n 1541 1501 534 1595 836];\r\nMultiply inverseKey and reshapedVector, round it and reshape it;\r\n messageVector = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121 32 32];\r\nchar equivalent of message vector is 'matlab \u0026 cody'","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 449.333px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 224.667px; transform-origin: 407px 224.667px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 57.5px 8px; transform-origin: 57.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePrevious Problem:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45279-cryptography-with-a-square-matrix-encoding\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCryptography with A Square Matrix : Encoding\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 193px 8px; transform-origin: 193px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eNow decode a double vector to a (hopefully!) meaningful text.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 31.5px 8px; transform-origin: 31.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eInputs are\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8px; transform-origin: 56px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eencoded vector\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 14px 8px; transform-origin: 14px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 12px 8px; transform-origin: 12px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ekey\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 22.5px 8px; transform-origin: 22.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e matrix.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 61.3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 30.65px; transform-origin: 404px 30.65px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 360px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 360px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e encodedVector = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 72px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 72px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e key = magic(3);\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 31px 8px; transform-origin: 31px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einverse of\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 12px 8px; transform-origin: 12px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ekey\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 61.3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 30.65px; transform-origin: 404px 30.65px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 288px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 288px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e inverseKey = [0.147222222222222 -0.144444444444444 0.0638888888888889\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 284px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 284px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e -0.0611111111111111 0.0222222222222222 0.105555555555556\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 292px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 292px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e -0.0194444444444445 0.188888888888889 -0.102777777777778];\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 28.5px 8px; transform-origin: 28.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eReshape\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 53.5px 8px; transform-origin: 53.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eencodedVector\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 124px 8px; transform-origin: 124px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e so it has the same number of rows with\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 12px 8px; transform-origin: 12px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ekey\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 61.3px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 30.65px; transform-origin: 404px 30.65px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 180px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 180px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e reshapedVector = [1665 1549 486 1503 1192;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 176px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 176px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e 1624 1495 510 1552 747;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 180px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 180px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e 1541 1501 534 1595 836];\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 23.5px 8px; transform-origin: 23.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMultiply\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 40px 8px; transform-origin: 40px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003einverseKey\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 14px 8px; transform-origin: 14px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8px; transform-origin: 56px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ereshapedVector\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 77.5px 8px; transform-origin: 77.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, round it and reshape it;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 280px 8.5px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 280px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e messageVector = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121 32 32];\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 165px 8px; transform-origin: 165px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003echar equivalent of message vector is 'matlab \u0026amp; cody'\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function hopefullyMeaningfulText = decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix)\r\n\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nencodedVector = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 1013 1351 1221 1426 1153 886 1714 1680 1586 480 480 480];\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(3);\r\ny_correct = 'matlab and cody';\r\nassert(isequal(decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [6829 6941 7028 6905 6877 6043 5432 6941 6575 6469 3236 3644 2352 2760 2828];\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(5);\r\ny_correct = 'hello world';\r\nassert(isequal(decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [10923 12101 13961 10519 10823 12582 5974 11814 12207 5786 11120 11328 5574 10458 10625 10134 11738 13359 5710 10858 11017 9815 11533 13372 8501 8231 11476 10488 10848 12497 5890 11490 11781 5408 10098 10453 10858 11252 13568 10196 11470 13008 9790 10816 12582 8438 4418 6724 11085 11329 13084 10447 11693 13320 5616 10838 11359 5686 10890 11193 8802 7250 10343 11099 11859 13746 9094 7344 7717 9320 7584 7900 9299 7501 10795 9881 10711 12227 3300 4116 4898];\r\nkeyMatrix = [14 20 63; 54 46 5; 71 27 24];\r\ny_correct = 'stockout is an order that cannot be satisfied, resulting in a loss of the sale.';\r\nassert(isequal(decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [12269 11674 18982 12603 13111 18355 12051 12649 17959 6268 6567 14425 12171 11931 19559 6437 6969 15532 13056 12433 19898 5997 6612 14365 13705 13052 20746 11931 12436 17537 13161 12943 21233 5903 6679 14472 13679 11112 14066 13245 12765 20292 6054 7203 15871 13495 12716 19961 11148 11975 18284 3904 3776 5984];\r\nkeyMatrix = [7 92 23; 34 77 7; 89 66 32 ];\r\ny_correct = 'dasiy is a small white flower with a yellow centre.';\r\nassert(isequal(decodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [11887 11494 18292 13583 12983 20497 12614 11975 19214 12529 9978 13458 11678 9327 12770 11425 9250 12418 13964 13138 20021 12986 12973 20645 13025 12806 20806 6267 6981 15454 5935 6625 14358 14067 13645 21715 13128 12874 20305 6295 7117 15810 12321 12283 19978 12114 12955 18760 12611 12631 20292 5987 7087 15540 12483 10160 13146 13880 13463 20776 12455 11733 18879 13630 13463 21169 6134 7068 15586 11995 12377 17247 13825 13363 21044 13068 12596 20311 10643 11358 16613 13548 12813 20052 11747 9495 12680 14027 13493 20760 13978 13059 20385 11816 9369 12962 13357 10720 13990 10791 11707 17391 14146 13289 20512 13630 13463 21169 11655 9467 12552 11162 12043 18462 3904 3776 5984];\r\nkeyMatrix = [7 92 23; 34 77 7; 89 66 32 ];\r\ndecodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nencodedVector = [23314 25294 21847 18481 14593 16573 17959 19939 21334];\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(9);\r\ndecodeMessage(encodedVector, keyMatrix)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":4,"created_by":8703,"edited_by":223089,"edited_at":"2022-12-28T13:35:31.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":11,"test_suite_updated_at":"2022-12-28T13:35:31.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2020-01-28T08:55:42.000Z","updated_at":"2025-06-15T06:19:47.000Z","published_at":"2020-01-28T08:56:34.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrevious Problem:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45279-cryptography-with-a-square-matrix-encoding\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCryptography with A Square Matrix : Encoding\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNow decode a double vector to a (hopefully!) meaningful text.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eInputs are\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eencoded vector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e matrix.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ encodedVector = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\\n\\n key = magic(3);]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einverse of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ inverseKey = [0.147222222222222 -0.144444444444444 0.0638888888888889\\n -0.0611111111111111 0.0222222222222222 0.105555555555556\\n -0.0194444444444445 0.188888888888889 -0.102777777777778];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eReshape\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eencodedVector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e so it has the same number of rows with\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ reshapedVector = [1665 1549 486 1503 1192;\\n 1624 1495 510 1552 747;\\n 1541 1501 534 1595 836];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMultiply\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einverseKey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ereshapedVector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, round it and reshape it;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ messageVector = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121 32 32];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echar equivalent of message vector is 'matlab \u0026amp; cody'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":1150,"title":"Polybius Square","description":"Given a string, calculate the coordinates. Input will be always in lowercase. If string is a sentence then use 0 (zero) to indicate the space between words.\r\n 1 2 3 4 5 6\r\n1 a b c d e f \r\n2 g h i j k l\r\n3 m n o p q r\r\n4 s t u v w x\r\n5 y z\r\ninput 'cody' returns [13 33 14 51] and\r\ninput 'i love matlab' returns [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12].\r\nFor more information refer to. Please note that another colum (6th column) is added in order to seperate letter i and letter j. That means table in this question is different from reference page.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 286.6px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 143.3px; transform-origin: 407px 143.3px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 368.5px 8px; transform-origin: 368.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven a string, calculate the coordinates. Input will be always in lowercase. If string is a sentence then use 0 (zero) to indicate the space between words.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 122.6px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-end-end-radius: 4px; border-end-start-radius: 4px; border-start-end-radius: 4px; border-start-start-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 61.3px; transform-origin: 404px 61.3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8.5px; transform-origin: 56px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e 1 2 3 4 5 6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 60px 8.5px; transform-origin: 60px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e1 a \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 40px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 40px 8.5px; \"\u003eb c d e f \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8.5px; transform-origin: 56px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e2 g \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003eh i j k l\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8.5px; transform-origin: 56px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e3 m \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003en o p q r\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 56px 8.5px; transform-origin: 56px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e4 s \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 36px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 36px 8.5px; \"\u003et u v w x\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20.4333px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-end-end-radius: 0px; border-end-start-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-start-end-radius: 0px; border-start-start-radius: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10.2167px; transform-origin: 404px 10.2167px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 24px 8.5px; transform-origin: 24px 8.5px; unicode-bidi: normal; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; perspective-origin: 20px 8.5px; transform-origin: 20px 8.5px; \"\u003e5 y \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); perspective-origin: 4px 8.5px; text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-emphasis-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); transform-origin: 4px 8.5px; \"\u003ez\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 118px 8px; transform-origin: 118px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einput 'cody' returns [13 33 14 51] and\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 211.5px 8px; transform-origin: 211.5px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003einput 'i love matlab' returns [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12].\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 66px 8px; transform-origin: 66px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor more information\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 2px 8px; transform-origin: 2px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"/#null\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003erefer to\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 293px 8px; transform-origin: 293px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. Please note that another colum (6th column) is added in order to seperate letter i and letter j. That means table in this question is different from reference page.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function y = polybius(x)\r\n y = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = 'do not cheat';\r\ny_correct = [14 33 0 32 33 42 0 13 22 15 11 42];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = 'cody';\r\ny_correct = [13 33 14 51];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = 'polybius';\r\ny_correct = [34 33 26 51 12 23 43 41];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = 'i love matlab';\r\ny_correct = [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nx = 'covid is a deadly virus';\r\ny_correct = [13 33 44 23 14 0 23 41 0 11 0 14 15 11 14 26 51 0 44 23 36 43 41];\r\nassert(isequal(polybius(x),y_correct))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":0,"created_by":8703,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":43,"test_suite_updated_at":"2021-07-18T13:42:32.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2012-12-30T13:33:11.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-16T11:33:34.000Z","published_at":"2012-12-30T14:03:05.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a string, calculate the coordinates. Input will be always in lowercase. If string is a sentence then use 0 (zero) to indicate the space between words.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ 1 2 3 4 5 6\\n1 a b c d e f \\n2 g h i j k l\\n3 m n o p q r\\n4 s t u v w x\\n5 y z]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einput 'cody' returns [13 33 14 51] and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einput 'i love matlab' returns [23 0 26 33 44 15 0 31 11 42 26 11 12].\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor more information\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003erefer to\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Please note that another colum (6th column) is added in order to seperate letter i and letter j. That means table in this question is different from reference page.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":54835,"title":"Caesar Cipher","description":"Given a input word x and a shift n, encrypt the word with caesar cipher of shift n.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 10.5px; transform-origin: 407px 10.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven a input word x and a shift n, encrypt the word with caesar cipher of shift n.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function y = caesar_cipher(x, n)\r\n y = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nx = 'Hello';\r\nn = 5;\r\ny_correct = 'Mjqqt';\r\nassert(isequal(caesar_cipher(x, n), y_correct))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":1,"created_by":2446480,"edited_by":2446480,"edited_at":"2022-07-12T12:55:35.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":11,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-07-12T12:55:13.000Z","updated_at":"2022-07-12T12:55:35.000Z","published_at":"2022-07-12T12:55:35.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a input word x and a shift n, encrypt the word with caesar cipher of shift n.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":751,"title":"Implement simple rotation cypher","description":"If given a letter from the set:\r\n\r\n [abc...xyz]\r\n\r\nand a shift, implement a shift cypher.\r\n\r\nExample:\r\n\r\n 'abc' \r\n\r\nwith a shift of -1 yields\r\n\r\n 'zab'\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eIf given a letter from the set:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003e[abc...xyz]\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eand a shift, implement a shift cypher.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExample:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003e'abc' \r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003ewith a shift of -1 yields\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003e'zab'\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function outStr = cypher(inStr, shift)\r\n outStr = inStr;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\ninStr = 'doug';\r\nshift = 10;\r\noutStr = 'nyeq';\r\n\r\nassert(isequal(cypher(inStr, shift),outStr))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninStr = 'thequickbrownfox';\r\nshift = 5;\r\noutStr = 'ymjvznhpgwtbsktc';\r\n\r\nassert(isequal(cypher(inStr, shift),outStr))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninStr = 'thecrowfliesatmidnight';\r\nshift = 22;\r\noutStr = 'pdaynksbheaowpiezjecdp';\r\n\r\nassert(isequal(cypher(inStr, shift),outStr))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":13,"comments_count":2,"created_by":240,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":1096,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":6,"created_at":"2012-06-06T15:38:43.000Z","updated_at":"2026-02-19T13:12:57.000Z","published_at":"2012-06-08T19:08:23.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf given a letter from the set:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[[abc...xyz]]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand a shift, implement a shift cypher.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eExample:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA['abc']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewith a shift of -1 yields\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA['zab']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":61050,"title":"Generate Secret Key for Cryptography ","description":"From a seed file (code.wav), decode the audio file (Bell 202 format at 200 bits/sec) into a binary stream and then convert the binary stream into a decimal vector (uint8) that should be hashed using SHA - 224, 256, 384, or 514 based on the function input. Output the hexadecimal hash (in lower case). ","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.440001px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 344px 31.5px; transform-origin: 344px 31.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 321px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 321px 31.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFrom a seed file (code.wav), decode the audio file (Bell 202 format at 200 bits/sec) into a binary stream and then convert the binary stream into a decimal vector (uint8) that should be hashed using SHA - 224, 256, 384, or 514 based on the function input. Output the hexadecimal hash (in lower case). \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function s = generateSecretKey(d)\r\ns='ab13';\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\ndropboxLink = 'https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/9g51et5mg6oir3rzckgmq/code.wav?rlkey=kujbm4wvj8k8n2fsav36ie3fo\u0026st=udr92tru\u0026dl=1';\r\nwebsave('code.wav', dropboxLink);\r\nassert(isequal('9b9011a6f9075acc3bf9aa9d58f117d2a457df1ad4c1fc800654ed4728699654',generateSecretKey(256)));\r\nassert(isequal('b4d6dfe609125ee60a481568d23ecdd0394ee272b50ef9e901c8d3610fbf64dad79ef569607864da83b635b590edf2a82a7d300fb37f9a61664d05b1445dc3a9',generateSecretKey(512)));\r\nassert(isequal('125da2fb2c851a0ec8d1feb68e5f6b7c5e951b809e3b58400c955840',generateSecretKey(224)));\r\nassert(isequal('fa4391ce471e89fc5232aa0aa9d8ed70738fc526029370f09fd9cb4d7439e8825aeacba72ea65a6109b7a964ae4cf114',generateSecretKey(384)));\r\n%%\r\ndropboxLink = 'https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/ezhpy2a6u9tel2v53pdco/code1.wav?rlkey=5yg3bx0dqochp2jcalvzjs1ws\u0026st=d5ekkeuw\u0026dl=1';\r\nwebsave('code.wav', dropboxLink);\r\nassert(isequal('1fd510e7e4777fd25aa2b75468ea9949fac17fa43004c92c8f906da57a0856a2',generateSecretKey(256)));\r\nassert(isequal('48132c1a6789a3a4c161436fd9b09353767a8dad70c90f7c37bd8fe89a15cad3d961ac2c0fe594fe951ede62dca77cff4a67668bd0d35091b60ad46e547dd883',generateSecretKey(512)));\r\nassert(isequal('de27d369a5ecf458537c39fac1d7a3d5d075dfbbd251caa110a1340d',generateSecretKey(224)));\r\nassert(isequal('0e3d5fb4ec12cd4cc97d1c272afa8c3d280d1626727f4366ce41acd0ece2aeeee6357bd29aa6833b18f75a9744766fb6',generateSecretKey(384)));\r\n%%\r\ndropboxLink = 'https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/a2tmz2axfex2sxa1pm4f6/code2.wav?rlkey=4p50pxytoyudkgv27hnskhamr\u0026st=eocw0ote\u0026dl=1';\r\nwebsave('code.wav', dropboxLink);\r\nassert(isequal('689dd116f955d1489ae5a0b82731e8f641de70366cf153c273a5aceb0bce882d',generateSecretKey(256)));\r\nassert(isequal('0bdbb0437718cf66746eaeb083217127a165f3cb4fed63132859cf1dcc79b78ac7997d00d6460e2b9853980de69ee7819a1605488ece34c84efbfa790cad516e',generateSecretKey(512)));\r\nassert(isequal('1fc1b7790c3bc1e2f7d292befca59d5f553e272898691e37d5d68b98',generateSecretKey(224)));\r\nassert(isequal('61e71c53762b02af99b8b4b212dc4cd78ba71750ab97927d52d2d63f36fbdb26e1e203b32b87867b1e8c0ac44de2531a',generateSecretKey(384)));\r\n%%\r\n\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":2,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":145982,"edited_at":"2025-10-27T11:40:10.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":2,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2025-10-25T00:11:13.000Z","updated_at":"2026-02-26T14:02:17.000Z","published_at":"2025-10-25T00:11:13.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFrom a seed file (code.wav), decode the audio file (Bell 202 format at 200 bits/sec) into a binary stream and then convert the binary stream into a decimal vector (uint8) that should be hashed using SHA - 224, 256, 384, or 514 based on the function input. Output the hexadecimal hash (in lower case). \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":1953,"title":"Simple Caesar Cypher - shift encrypt a message given an index number","description":"A Caesar cypher is a simple shift encryption method. Your goal is to create a function that allows a user to input a string and a shift index and outputs the shifted cypher-text as a string.\r\n\r\nThe shift index is an integer that tells the encryption method how many letters to shift each letter in the message forward. For example, a shift index of 3 will shift the letter \"a\" to be \"d\", \"b\" to be \"e\" and so on. In this problem we will just use the 26 lowercase letters in the english alphabet, and any capital letters in the message should be converted to lowercase. The ordering of letters will wrap around after \"z\", so that a \"y\" shifted by 3 will become a \"b\".\r\n\r\nAny integer number (positive, negative, and of any magnitude) should be acceptable as the shift index.\r\n\r\nExamples:\r\n\r\ncaesarShift('zebra',7) --\u003e 'gliyh'\r\n\r\ncaesarShift('LiOn',-5) --\u003e 'gdji'","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eA Caesar cypher is a simple shift encryption method. Your goal is to create a function that allows a user to input a string and a shift index and outputs the shifted cypher-text as a string.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe shift index is an integer that tells the encryption method how many letters to shift each letter in the message forward. For example, a shift index of 3 will shift the letter \"a\" to be \"d\", \"b\" to be \"e\" and so on. In this problem we will just use the 26 lowercase letters in the english alphabet, and any capital letters in the message should be converted to lowercase. The ordering of letters will wrap around after \"z\", so that a \"y\" shifted by 3 will become a \"b\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAny integer number (positive, negative, and of any magnitude) should be acceptable as the shift index.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExamples:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecaesarShift('zebra',7) --\u003e 'gliyh'\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ecaesarShift('LiOn',-5) --\u003e 'gdji'\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function cyphertext = caesarShift(message, shift)\r\ncyphertext=message;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nmessage = 'elephant';\r\nshift = 45;\r\ncorrect = 'xexiatgm';\r\nassert(isequal(caesarShift(message,shift),correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nmessage = 'TiGEr';\r\nshift = -537;\r\nanswer = 'crpna';\r\nassert(isequal(caesarShift(message,shift),answer))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nmessage = 'gozoaobrsf'\r\nshift = 12;\r\nanswer = 'salamander';\r\nassert(isequal(caesarShift(message,shift),answer))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":6,"comments_count":1,"created_by":15293,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":110,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":28,"created_at":"2013-10-21T17:12:02.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-06T20:51:45.000Z","published_at":"2013-10-21T17:12:02.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA Caesar cypher is a simple shift encryption method. Your goal is to create a function that allows a user to input a string and a shift index and outputs the shifted cypher-text as a string.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe shift index is an integer that tells the encryption method how many letters to shift each letter in the message forward. For example, a shift index of 3 will shift the letter \\\"a\\\" to be \\\"d\\\", \\\"b\\\" to be \\\"e\\\" and so on. In this problem we will just use the 26 lowercase letters in the english alphabet, and any capital letters in the message should be converted to lowercase. The ordering of letters will wrap around after \\\"z\\\", so that a \\\"y\\\" shifted by 3 will become a \\\"b\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eAny integer number (positive, negative, and of any magnitude) should be acceptable as the shift index.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eExamples:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecaesarShift('zebra',7) --\u003e 'gliyh'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecaesarShift('LiOn',-5) --\u003e 'gdji'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":45279,"title":"Cryptography with A Square Matrix : Encoding","description":"Matrix inverse operation can be used to encode or decode of a message. For example \r\n\r\n text = 'matlab \u0026 cody'. \r\n\r\nnumeric equivalent is \r\n\r\n num = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121]\r\n\r\n\r\nlet \r\n\r\n key = magic(3);\r\n\r\n\r\n*key* is an arbitrary square matrix and its inverse is exist. \r\n\r\nreshape the vector *num* so it has the same number of rows with *key* matrix\r\n\r\n numMatrix = [109 108 32 99 121;\r\n 97 97 38 111 32;\r\n 116 98 32 100 32];\r\n\r\nNote that last two elements are filled with 32 which is the numeric equivalent of blank character ' '.\r\n\r\nFinally multiply *key* with *numMatrix* (and reshape it) to obtain an encoded vector.\r\n\r\n encodedVector= [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\r\n\r\nif you multiply *inverse of key* with reshaped *encodedVector* you can obtain the ascii numbers of secret message.\r\n\r\nNext Problem : \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45282-cyrptography-with-a-square-matrix-decoding Cryptography with A Square Matrix : Decoding\u003e\r\n\r\nInspired from:\r\n\r\nBarnett, R.A., Ziegler, M.R. and Byleen, K.E. (2015). Finite Mathematics for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences. Pearson, 13th (Global) Edition. p:245-247.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eMatrix inverse operation can be used to encode or decode of a message. For example\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e text = 'matlab \u0026 cody'. \u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003enumeric equivalent is\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e num = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121]\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003elet\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e key = magic(3);\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ekey\u003c/b\u003e is an arbitrary square matrix and its inverse is exist.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ereshape the vector \u003cb\u003enum\u003c/b\u003e so it has the same number of rows with \u003cb\u003ekey\u003c/b\u003e matrix\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e numMatrix = [109 108 32 99 121;\r\n 97 97 38 111 32;\r\n 116 98 32 100 32];\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eNote that last two elements are filled with 32 which is the numeric equivalent of blank character ' '.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally multiply \u003cb\u003ekey\u003c/b\u003e with \u003cb\u003enumMatrix\u003c/b\u003e (and reshape it) to obtain an encoded vector.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e encodedVector= [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eif you multiply \u003cb\u003einverse of key\u003c/b\u003e with reshaped \u003cb\u003eencodedVector\u003c/b\u003e you can obtain the ascii numbers of secret message.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext Problem : \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45282-cyrptography-with-a-square-matrix-decoding\"\u003eCryptography with A Square Matrix : Decoding\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInspired from:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBarnett, R.A., Ziegler, M.R. and Byleen, K.E. (2015). Finite Mathematics for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences. Pearson, 13th (Global) Edition. p:245-247.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function encodedVector = encodeMessage(inputString,keyMatrix)\r\n\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\ninputString = 'matlab and cody';\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(3);\r\ny_correct = [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 1013 1351 1221 1426 1153 886 1714 1680 1586 480 480 480];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = 'matlab and cody'\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(5);\r\ny_correct = [6616 6868 6820 7017 6934 4911 6233 6245 5817 5199 5646 5344 6827 6080 6198 2080 2080 2080 2080 2080];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = 'Hello worlD!!';\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(3);\r\ny_correct = [1325 1477 1413 1167 1103 1495 1747 1710 1703 1130 895 1110 488 483 484];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = 'Hello worlD!!'\r\nkeyMatrix = magic(5);\r\ny_correct = [6285 6205 6900 6585 6525 6043 5432 6941 6575 6469 2717 2920 2243 2471 2519];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = 'What a wonderful day!'\r\nkeyMatrix = [41 6; 46 46];\r\ny_correct = [4191 8786 4673 9798 1894 5934 2026 6946 5211 10166 4706 9246 5286 9936 5445 10350 1912 6072 4703 10028 1545 2990];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n\r\n%%\r\ninputString = '3'\r\nkeyMatrix = [41 6; 46 46];\r\ny_correct = [2283 3818];\r\nassert(isequal(encodeMessage(inputString, keyMatrix),y_correct))\r\n\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":3,"created_by":8703,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":10,"test_suite_updated_at":"2020-01-28T16:27:49.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2020-01-27T13:50:56.000Z","updated_at":"2020-01-28T16:27:49.000Z","published_at":"2020-01-28T08:56:27.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMatrix inverse operation can be used to encode or decode of a message. For example\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ text = 'matlab \u0026 cody'.]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003enumeric equivalent is\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ num = [109 97 116 108 97 98 32 38 32 99 111 100 121]]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003elet\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ key = magic(3);]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is an arbitrary square matrix and its inverse is exist.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ereshape the vector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003enum\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e so it has the same number of rows with\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e matrix\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ numMatrix = [109 108 32 99 121;\\n 97 97 38 111 32;\\n 116 98 32 100 32];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNote that last two elements are filled with 32 which is the numeric equivalent of blank character ' '.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFinally multiply\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekey\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e with\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003enumMatrix\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (and reshape it) to obtain an encoded vector.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ encodedVector= [1665 1624 1541 1549 1495 1501 486 510 534 1503 1552 1595 1192 747 836]]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eif you multiply\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003einverse of key\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e with reshaped\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eencodedVector\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e you can obtain the ascii numbers of secret message.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNext Problem :\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/45282-cyrptography-with-a-square-matrix-decoding\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCryptography with A Square Matrix : Decoding\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eInspired from:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBarnett, R.A., Ziegler, M.R. and Byleen, K.E. (2015). Finite Mathematics for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences. Pearson, 13th (Global) Edition. p:245-247.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44351,"title":"Code breaker, Part I: Operation Phoenix","description":"You have been tasked with decoding a set of coded messages that have been intercepted. \r\n\r\nBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were encoded using a simple \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher Caesar cipher\u003e (a type of \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher substitution cipher\u003e), an example of which is the \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 ROT13 cipher\u003e (discussed in \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher Cody Challenge Problem 78\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026 numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between messages (also, here you need to decode, not encode). \r\n\r\nYou can also assume that the original message will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Phoenix\". Therefore the phrase \"Operation Phoenix\" (with that capitalisation) would have appeared at least once in the original message. \r\n\r\nYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html structure array\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html uint8\u003e]; (2) the decoded message [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html character array\u003e]. \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\". \r\n\r\nEXAMPLE\r\n\r\nSuppose the original message was _\"Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.\"_ and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) \r\nThus the encoded message would be: _\"Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026 ftdbqf.\"_\r\n\r\nThe correct answer would comprise: \r\n\r\n s.shift = uint8(1) \r\n s.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.'\r\n\r\n|Note: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable and doesn't generate excessive text output). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand.| \r\n\r\nTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".\r\n\r\n----------\r\n\r\nNext problem: \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356 Operation Orthos\u003e.\r\n\r\n----------\r\n\r\nStatistics on solutions submitted as at 15 October 2017:\r\n\r\n* *Fastest wall time to decode 5000 messages = 93 milliseconds* , for \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303 Solution 1279303\u003e, with a size-based score of 40. \r\n* *Smallest size-based score = 38* , for \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1278780 Solution 1278780\u003e, for which wall time to decode 5000 messages = 515 milliseconds. \r\n* Best combined score = 49, for \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303 Solution 1279303\u003e. ","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding a set of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were encoded using a simple \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\"\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/a\u003e (a type of \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\"\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/a\u003e), an example of which is the \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\"\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/a\u003e (discussed in \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\"\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/a\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026 numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between messages (also, here you need to decode, not encode).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou can also assume that the original message will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Phoenix\". Therefore the phrase \"Operation Phoenix\" (with that capitalisation) would have appeared at least once in the original message.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\"\u003estructure array\u003c/a\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"\u003euint8\u003c/a\u003e]; (2) the decoded message [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\"\u003echaracter array\u003c/a\u003e]. \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEXAMPLE\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose the original message was \u003ci\u003e\"Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.\"\u003c/i\u003e and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) \r\nThus the encoded message would be: \u003ci\u003e\"Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026 ftdbqf.\"\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correct answer would comprise:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003es.shift = uint8(1) \r\ns.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.'\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable and doesn't generate excessive text output). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand.\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e----------\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext problem: \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\"\u003eOperation Orthos\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e----------\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistics on solutions submitted as at 15 October 2017:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eFastest wall time to decode 5000 messages = 93 milliseconds\u003c/b\u003e , for \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\"\u003eSolution 1279303\u003c/a\u003e, with a size-based score of 40.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cb\u003eSmallest size-based score = 38\u003c/b\u003e , for \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1278780\"\u003eSolution 1278780\u003c/a\u003e, for which wall time to decode 5000 messages = 515 milliseconds.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBest combined score = 49, for \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\"\u003eSolution 1279303\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e","function_template":"function s = decode(x)\r\n s = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%% NOTE: \r\n% This test suite can be updated if inappropriate 'hacks' \r\n% are discovered in any submitted solutions, \r\n% so your score/size may therefore change over time. \r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 1\r\nx = 'Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026 ftdbqf.';\r\ns_correct.shift = 1;\r\ns_correct.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.';\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 2\r\nx = 'Vwlyhapvu Wovlupe ilnpuz Ablzkhf! Vwlyhapvu Wovlupe pz vby avw wypvypaf.';\r\ns_correct.shift = 7;\r\ns_correct.message = 'Operation Phoenix begins Tuesday! Operation Phoenix is our top priority.';\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 3\r\nx = 'Eatpht cdit iwpi iwt ephhldgs wph qttc rwpcvts ugdb \"Fxeudyn\" id \"Dvcsbwl\". Diwtglxht Detgpixdc Ewdtcxm xh egdrttsxcv prrdgsxcv id eapc.';\r\ns_correct.shift = 15;\r\ns_correct.message = 'Please note that the password has been changed from \"Qipfojy\" to \"Ogndmhw\". Otherwise Operation Phoenix is proceeding according to plan.';\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 4\r\nx = 'Mncpyrgml Nfmclgv qryprcb rfpcc bywq yem. Yjj ncpqmllcj ypc rm pckygl ml bsrw slrgj Mncpyrgml Nfmclgv gq amknjcrcb.';\r\ns_correct.shift = 24;\r\ns_correct.message = 'Operation Phoenix started three days ago. All personnel are to remain on duty until Operation Phoenix is completed.';\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Rescoring \r\n% Acknowledgements \r\n% Portions of this timing test code were inspired by:\r\n% (1) Problem 937. \"Rubik's Mini Cube: Solve Randomized Cube in 11 Moves or Less; Score is by Time (msec)\" by Richard Zapor.\r\n% (2) Problem 2733. \"Evil Number\" by Jan Orwat.\r\n% (3) Feedback in comments from Peng Liu.\r\n% (4) Problem Problem 1237. \"It's race time! Write a faster function than the test suite call of unique().\" by Jeremy.\r\n\r\n% Note: The Time Trial section does not check accuracy; that is done above.\r\n\r\n% Initialise\r\nx = 'Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026 ftdbqf.';\r\ncutoffTimeBig = 1000; % Maximum allowable walltime (in milliseconds) to run function in a loop with qBig iterations.\r\n\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 20, disp(' . '); end;\r\n\r\n% Run once, untimed?\r\nincludeOverheads = false;\r\nif includeOverheads, \r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING ***\r\n% In case the submitted function has a lot of text output, \r\n% get an estimate based on just a few iterations\r\n% Initialise\r\nqSmall = 50;\r\nqBig = 5000;\r\nt0 = clock;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qSmall\r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0) * 1000;\r\ndisp(' -----=====----- ')\r\nfprintf('Your wall time to decode %u messages = %i msec.\\n\\r', qSmall, floor(dt))\r\nfprintf('Your APPROXIMATE wall time to decode %u messages would be ~ %i msec.\\n\\r', qBig, ceil(dt * qBig / qSmall))\r\ndisp(' -----=====----- ')\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 20, disp(' . '); end;\r\n\r\n% *** 'OFFICIAL' TIMING ***\r\n% Re-initialise timer\r\nt0 = clock;\r\nt0_cpu = cputime;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qBig\r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 20, disp(' . '); end;\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0) * 1000;\r\nfprintf('Your wall time to decode %u messages = %i msec.\\n\\r', qBig, floor(dt))\r\n\r\ndt_cpu = (cputime - t0_cpu) * 1000;\r\nfprintf(' ( Your CPU time for this = %i msec. ) \\n\\r', floor(dt_cpu))\r\n\r\nfDecode = @() decode(x);\r\ndt_timeit = timeit( fDecode ) * 1000;\r\nfprintf(' [ Your ''timeit'' time to decode %u messages = %i msec. ] \\n\\r', qBig, ceil(dt_timeit * qBig))\r\n\r\n% Display a size-based score.\r\nall_nodes = mtree('decode.m', '-file'); % This is the default in Cody.\r\nstr_nodes = mtfind(all_nodes, 'Kind', 'STRING');\r\neq_nodes = mtfind(all_nodes, 'Kind', 'EQUALS');\r\nprint_nodes = mtfind(all_nodes, 'Kind', 'PRINT');\r\nexpr_nodes = mtfind(all_nodes, 'Kind', 'EXPR');\r\n\r\nsize_score = count(all_nodes) ...\r\n +sum(str_nodes.nodesize-1) ...\r\n +2*(count(expr_nodes) ...\r\n +count(print_nodes) ...\r\n -count(eq_nodes));\r\n\r\nfprintf('Your size-based score = %i.\\n\\r', size_score)\r\n\r\n% Report revised performance score.\r\ncombinedScore = size_score + min( 200, floor(dt*(500/qBig)) );\r\nfprintf('Your combined score = %i.\\n\\r', combinedScore)\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\n\r\n% Now disallow any candidate solutions that are TOO SLOW!\r\nif dt \u003e cutoffTimeBig, \r\n fprintf('Sorry, your submission is TOO SLOW. It must be able to finish within %u milliseconds.\\n\\r', cutoffTimeBig)\r\nend;\r\n\r\nassert( dt \u003c= cutoffTimeBig, 'Exceeded time limit specified in Test Suite.' )","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":3,"created_by":64439,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":45,"test_suite_updated_at":"2017-10-15T10:19:08.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":40,"created_at":"2017-09-29T09:20:59.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T08:27:57.000Z","published_at":"2017-09-29T13:45:26.000Z","restored_at":"2017-10-04T19:25:07.000Z","restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":true,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding a set of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were encoded using a simple\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (a type of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e), an example of which is the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (discussed in\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026amp; numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between messages (also, here you need to decode, not encode).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou can also assume that the original message will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \\\"Operation Phoenix\\\". Therefore the phrase \\\"Operation Phoenix\\\" (with that capitalisation) would have appeared at least once in the original message.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003estructure array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003euint8\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e]; (2) the decoded message [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echaracter array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e]. The name of the structure array shall be \\\"s\\\", with respective fields \\\"shift\\\" and \\\"message\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEXAMPLE\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSuppose the original message was\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026amp; escape.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) Thus the encoded message would be: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz \u0026amp; ftdbqf.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe correct answer would comprise:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(1) \\ns.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately \u0026 escape.']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable and doesn't generate excessive text output). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \\\"too slow\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e----------\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNext problem: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOperation Orthos\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e----------\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eStatistics on solutions submitted as at 15 October 2017:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFastest wall time to decode 5000 messages = 93 milliseconds\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e , for\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSolution 1279303\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, with a size-based score of 40.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSmallest size-based score = 38\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e , for\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1278780\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSolution 1278780\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, for which wall time to decode 5000 messages = 515 milliseconds.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBest combined score = 49, for\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSolution 1279303\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":45211,"title":"AES SubBytes() Transformation","description":"Given a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm SubBytes() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array. \r\n\r\nRefer to this link: \u003chttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003e\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n statei=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\n stateo=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2'];","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm SubBytes() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefer to this link: \u003ca href = \"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\"\u003ehttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003estatei=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\nstateo=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2'];\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function stateO = SubBytes(stateI)\r\n stateO = stateI;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nstateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\nstateO=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2']; \r\nassert(isequal(SubBytes(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2']; \r\nstateO=['82';'c5';'61';'d4';'70';'4c';'37';'c5';'cb';'08';'4a';'1c';'82';'08';'a8';'3a']; \r\nassert(isequal(SubBytes(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['82';'c5';'61';'d4';'70';'4c';'37';'c5';'cb';'08';'4a';'1c';'82';'08';'a8';'3a']; \r\nstateO=['13';'a6';'ef';'48';'51';'29';'9a';'a6';'1f';'30';'d6';'9c';'13';'30';'c2';'80']; \r\nassert(isequal(SubBytes(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['13';'a6';'ef';'48';'51';'29';'9a';'a6';'1f';'30';'d6';'9c';'13';'30';'c2';'80']; \r\nstateO=['7d';'24';'df';'52';'d1';'a5';'b8';'24';'c0';'04';'f6';'de';'7d';'04';'25';'cd']; \r\nassert(isequal(SubBytes(stateI),stateO))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":2,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":7,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-11-21T17:35:28.000Z","updated_at":"2025-12-28T04:07:40.000Z","published_at":"2019-11-21T17:45:04.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm SubBytes() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRefer to this link:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[statei=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\\nstateo=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2'];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44356,"title":"Code breaker, Part II: Operation Orthos","description":"You have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted. \r\n\r\nBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher Caesar cipher\u003e (a type of \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher substitution cipher\u003e), an example of which is the \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 ROT13 cipher\u003e (discussed in \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher Cody Challenge Problem 78\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026 numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between batches of messages — although it will be the same for all messages in a batch (also, here you need to decode, not encode). \r\n\r\nYou can also assume that the original batch of messages will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Orthos\". However, in their secret internal communications they might not use this exact phrase at all, nor this exact capitalisation. Therefore you should seek _simultaneous_ occurrence of the separate words \"Operation\" and \"Orthos\" (with any capitalisation) in messages within the given batch. \r\n\r\nYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html structure array\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html uint8\u003e]; (2) the decoded messages [as a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta cell array\u003e (containing \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html character arrays\u003e)]. \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\". \r\n\r\nEXAMPLE\r\n\r\nSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages — _\"qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo\"_ and _\"Psuipt jt HP!\"_ (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) \r\nThus the original messages would have been: _\"proceed w/ operation\"_ and _\"Orthos is GO!\"_ .\r\n\r\nThe correct answer would comprise: \r\n\r\n s.shift = uint8(1) \r\n s.message = {'proceed w/ operation', 'Orthos is GO!'}\r\n\r\nIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then simply return 'scalar' \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/nan.html NaN\u003e in both fields (no need for a cell array). \r\n\r\n|Note: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)| \r\n\r\nTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\". \r\n\r\n----------\r\n\r\nPrevious problem: \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351 Operation Phoenix\u003e. Next problem: \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44383 Operation Xiangliu\u003e.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\"\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/a\u003e (a type of \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\"\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/a\u003e), an example of which is the \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\"\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/a\u003e (discussed in \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\"\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/a\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026 numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between batches of messages — although it will be the same for all messages in a batch (also, here you need to decode, not encode).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou can also assume that the original batch of messages will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Orthos\". However, in their secret internal communications they might not use this exact phrase at all, nor this exact capitalisation. Therefore you should seek \u003ci\u003esimultaneous\u003c/i\u003e occurrence of the separate words \"Operation\" and \"Orthos\" (with any capitalisation) in messages within the given batch.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\"\u003estructure array\u003c/a\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"\u003euint8\u003c/a\u003e]; (2) the decoded messages [as a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta\"\u003ecell array\u003c/a\u003e (containing \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\"\u003echaracter arrays\u003c/a\u003e)]. \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEXAMPLE\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages — \u003ci\u003e\"qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo\"\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e\"Psuipt jt HP!\"\u003c/i\u003e (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) \r\nThus the original messages would have been: \u003ci\u003e\"proceed w/ operation\"\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e\"Orthos is GO!\"\u003c/i\u003e .\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correct answer would comprise:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003es.shift = uint8(1) \r\ns.message = {'proceed w/ operation', 'Orthos is GO!'}\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then simply return 'scalar' \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/nan.html\"\u003eNaN\u003c/a\u003e in both fields (no need for a cell array).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e----------\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious problem: \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351\"\u003eOperation Phoenix\u003c/a\u003e. Next problem: \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44383\"\u003eOperation Xiangliu\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function s = decode(x)\r\n s = x;\r\nend","test_suite":"%% NOTE: \r\n% This test suite can be updated if inappropriate 'hacks' \r\n% are discovered in any submitted solutions, \r\n% so the assessment of your submission may therefore change over time. \r\nRE = regexp(fileread('decode.m'), '\\w+', 'match');\r\ntabooWords = {'ans', 'assert', 'freepass', 'tic'};\r\ntestResult = cellfun( @(z) ismember(z, tabooWords), RE );\r\nmsg = ['Please do not do that in your code!' char([10 13]) ...\r\n 'Found: ' strjoin(RE(testResult)) '.' char([10 13]) ...\r\n 'Banned word.' char([10 13])];\r\nassert(~any( cellfun( @(z) ismember(z, tabooWords), RE ) ), msg)\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 1\r\nx = {'qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo', 'Psuipt jt HP!'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(1);\r\ns_correct.message = {'proceed w/ operation', 'Orthos is GO!'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\n%disp(' *** '); disp(s.message); disp(' *** ')\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message{1}, s_correct.message{1}) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message{2}, s_correct.message{2}) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\nassert( isequal(s, s_correct) )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'cell') )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message{1}), 'char') )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 2\r\nx = {'Hfqq Ons ts 555-7839 FXFU.', 'twymtx nx ts mtqi', 'bfnynsl ktw dtzw fianhj', 'TUJWFYNTS UTXYUTSJI'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(5);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Call Jin on 555-7839 ASAP.', 'orthos is on hold', 'waiting for your advice', 'OPERATION POSTPONED'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\n%disp(' *** '); disp(s.message); disp(' *** ')\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 3\r\nx = {'Ocz kvnnrjmy rvn xcvibzy: \"Knpdko\" oj \"Gjlzgk\".', 'Jkzmvodji Kcjzids rvn npxxznnapg. Izso rdgg wz Jmocjn.', 'Edi Uvkxgzout rdgg wz gzvydib Ozvh V'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(21);\r\ns_correct.message = {'The password was changed: \"Psuipt\" to \"Loqelp\".', 'Operation Phoenix was successful. Next will be Orthos.', 'Jin Zapcletzy will be leading Team A'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 4\r\nx = {'bxmzzuzs r/ adftae az fdmow', 'adftae etxp oaybxqfq uz 2 iwe', 'abqdmfuaz pmfq eturfqp nmow 2 p.', 'naawe dqoquhqp. fwe Vuz' };\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(12);\r\ns_correct.message = {'planning f/ orthos on track', 'orthos shld complete in 2 wks', 'operation date shifted back 2 d.', 'books received. tks Jin'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 5\r\nx = {'Hdsffafy xgj Ghwjslagf Gjlzgk zsk gxxauasddq ugeewfuwv. Lzak oadd tw dwv tq Lwse S, kmhhgjlwv tq Lwse T sk fwwvwv.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(18);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Planning for Operation Orthos has officially commenced. This will be led by Team A, supported by Team B as needed.'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 6\r\nx = {'Mncpyrgml Nfmclgv qryprcb rfpcc bywq yem. Yjj ncpqmllcj ypc rm pckygl ml bsrw slrgj Mncpyrgml Nfmclgv gq amknjcrcb.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = nan;\r\ns_correct.message = nan;\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isnan(s.shift) )\r\nassert( isnan(s.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 7\r\nx = {'Iutloxskj vgyycuxj oy tuc \"Ruwkrv\".', 'Vrgt lux uxznuy ruuqy UQ, haz tkkj suxk $$$', 'Ksgor Pot Fgvirkzfe ut xacqxb@sgzncuxqy.ius xk. Zakyjge', 'Zgrqkj zu Zkgs H. Ngvve zu yavvuxz uvkxgzout....', 'Xk. latjy, vry zxgtylkx zu giiuatz \"YZOBKDSYX\" - ZDY', 'jUT''Z cUXXE'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(6);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Confirmed password is now \"Loqelp\".', 'Plan for orthos looks OK, but need more $$$', 'Email Jin Zapcletzy on ruwkrv@mathworks.com re. Tuesday', 'Talked to Team B. Happy to support operation....', 'Re. funds, pls transfer to account \"STIVEXMSR\" - TXS', 'dON''T wORRY'};\r\ns = decode(x);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift) )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message) )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% TIMING \r\n% Note: The Time Trial section does not check accuracy; that is done above.\r\n\r\n% Acknowledgements \r\n% Portions of this timing test code were inspired by:\r\n% (1) Problem 937. \"Rubik's Mini Cube: Solve Randomized Cube in 11 Moves or Less; Score is by Time (msec)\" by Richard Zapor.\r\n% (2) Problem 2733. \"Evil Number\" by Jan Orwat.\r\n% (3) Feedback in comments from Peng Liu.\r\n% (4) Problem Problem 1237. \"It's race time! Write a faster function than the test suite call of unique().\" by Jeremy.\r\n\r\n% INITIALISE\r\nx = {'qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo', 'Psuipt jt HP!'};\r\nqSmall = 50;\r\nqBig = 10000;\r\n%cutoffTimeBig = 10;\r\n\r\n% EDIT (2018-06-17). Reduced time to pose reasonable challenge.\r\n% Accounted for improving Cody server speed per Problem 44655.\r\ncutoffTimeBig = 3; % Maximum allowable walltime (in seconds) to run function in a loop with qBig iterations.\r\ntRef = datetime('2018-06-17', 'InputFormat','yyyy-MM-dd');\r\ntNow = datetime('now');\r\nyearsElapsed = (datenum(tNow) - datenum(tRef)) / 365.24;\r\nfprintf('\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\nSubmission evaluated for speed on %s.\\r\\n', datestr(tNow, 'dd mmmm yyyy'))\r\nrInf = 0.2; delta = cutoffTimeBig - rInf; tau = 3.6; % Data from Problem 44655, based on Problem 963.\r\nqBig = floor( qBig * (cutoffTimeBig - rInf) * exp(yearsElapsed/tau) / delta );\r\nfprintf('\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\nTo account for computational power increases over time, number of iterations increased to %u.\\r\\n', qBig)\r\n% END EDIT (2018-06-17)\r\n\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING WITH timeit ***\r\nfDecode = @() decode(x);\r\ndt_timeit = timeit( fDecode );\r\nfprintf('APPROXIMATE time to decode %u message batches ~ %2.2f seconds, according to ''timeit''.\\n\\r', qBig, dt_timeit * qBig)\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING WITH SHORT LOOP ***\r\n% In case the submitted function has a lot of text output, \r\n% get an estimate based on just a few iterations\r\n% Initialise\r\nt0 = clock;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qSmall\r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0);\r\ndisp(' -----=====----- ')\r\n%fprintf('Your wall time to decode %u message batches = %i seconds.\\n\\r', qSmall, floor(dt))\r\nfprintf('APPROXIMATE wall time to decode %u message batches ~ %2.2f seconds, by extrapolating from %u batches.\\n\\r', qBig, dt * qBig / qSmall, qSmall)\r\ndisp(' -----=====----- ')\r\n\r\n% *** 'OFFICIAL' TIMING ***\r\n% Re-initialise timer\r\nt0 = clock;\r\nt0_cpu = cputime;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qBig\r\n solution = decode( x );\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0);\r\nfprintf('Your wall time to decode %u message batches = %2.2f seconds.\\n\\r', qBig, dt)\r\n\r\ndt_cpu = (cputime - t0_cpu);\r\nfprintf(' ( Your CPU time for this = %2.2f seconds. ) \\n\\r', dt_cpu)\r\n\r\n% Display (default) Cody size-based score.\r\nall_nodes = mtree('decode.m', '-file');\r\nsize_score = count(all_nodes);\r\nfprintf('Your Cody-standard size-based score = %i.\\n\\r', size_score)\r\n\r\n% Report revised performance score\r\ncombinedScore = size_score + round(dt * 10);\r\nfprintf('Your combined score = %i.\\n\\r', combinedScore)\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\n\r\n% Now disallow any candidate solutions that are TOO SLOW!\r\nif dt \u003e cutoffTimeBig, \r\n fprintf('Sorry, your submission is TOO SLOW. It must be able to finish within %u seconds.\\n\\r', cutoffTimeBig)\r\nend;\r\n\r\nassert( dt \u003c= cutoffTimeBig )","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":3,"created_by":64439,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":29,"test_suite_updated_at":"2018-06-17T14:03:55.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":40,"created_at":"2017-10-03T06:52:32.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T18:15:25.000Z","published_at":"2017-10-03T11:50:21.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (a type of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e), an example of which is the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (discussed in\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation \u0026amp; numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between batches of messages — although it will be the same for all messages in a batch (also, here you need to decode, not encode).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou can also assume that the original batch of messages will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \\\"Operation Orthos\\\". However, in their secret internal communications they might not use this exact phrase at all, nor this exact capitalisation. Therefore you should seek\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esimultaneous\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e occurrence of the separate words \\\"Operation\\\" and \\\"Orthos\\\" (with any capitalisation) in messages within the given batch.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003estructure array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003euint8\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e]; (2) the decoded messages [as a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecell array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (containing\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echaracter arrays\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e)]. The name of the structure array shall be \\\"s\\\", with respective fields \\\"shift\\\" and \\\"message\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEXAMPLE\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages —\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"qspdffe x/ pqfsbujpo\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Psuipt jt HP!\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) Thus the original messages would have been: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"proceed w/ operation\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Orthos is GO!\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e .\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe correct answer would comprise:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(1) \\ns.message = {'proceed w/ operation', 'Orthos is GO!'}]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then simply return 'scalar'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/nan.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNaN\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e in both fields (no need for a cell array).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \\\"too slow\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e----------\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrevious problem: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOperation Phoenix\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Next problem: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44383\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOperation Xiangliu\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":78,"title":"Implement a ROT13 cipher","description":"Replace each character in string s1 with the character that is shifted 13 positions from it (wrap back to the beginning if necessary). So A ? N, B ? O, and so on until Y ? L and Z ? M. Case of the output should match the case of the input, so a ? n. Non-alphabetic characters are left in place and untouched.\n\nIf\n\n s1 = 'I love MATLAB'\n\nthen\n\n s2 = 'V ybir ZNGYNO'\n\nSee the \u003chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 Wikipedia article\u003e for more info.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eReplace each character in string s1 with the character that is shifted 13 positions from it (wrap back to the beginning if necessary). So A ? N, B ? O, and so on until Y ? L and Z ? M. Case of the output should match the case of the input, so a ? n. Non-alphabetic characters are left in place and untouched.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e s1 = 'I love MATLAB'\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003ethen\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e s2 = 'V ybir ZNGYNO'\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\"\u003eWikipedia article\u003c/a\u003e for more info.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function s2 = rot13(s1)\n s2 = s1;\nend","test_suite":"%% Test #1\n\ns1 = 'I love MATLAB';\ns2_correct = 'V ybir ZNGYNO';\nassert(isequal(rot13(s1),s2_correct))\n\n%% Test #2\n\ns1 = 'I \u003c3 MATLAB!!';\ns2_correct = 'V \u003c3 ZNGYNO!!';\nassert(isequal(rot13(s1),s2_correct))\n\n%% Test #3\n\ns1 = 'The quick fox stumbled over the confusing instructions.';\ns2_correct = 'Gur dhvpx sbk fghzoyrq bire gur pbashfvat vafgehpgvbaf.';\nassert(isequal(rot13(s1),s2_correct))\n\n%% Test #4\n\ns1 = 'Snape kills Dumbledore on page 606. Also, there is no Santa.';\ns2_correct = 'Fancr xvyyf Qhzoyrqber ba cntr 606. Nyfb, gurer vf ab Fnagn.';\nassert(isequal(rot13(s1),s2_correct))\n\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":13,"comments_count":3,"created_by":1,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":1713,"test_suite_updated_at":"2012-01-18T01:00:28.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":2,"created_at":"2012-01-18T01:00:28.000Z","updated_at":"2026-01-06T04:39:32.000Z","published_at":"2012-01-18T01:00:28.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eReplace each character in string s1 with the character that is shifted 13 positions from it (wrap back to the beginning if necessary). So A ? N, B ? O, and so on until Y ? L and Z ? M. Case of the output should match the case of the input, so a ? n. Non-alphabetic characters are left in place and untouched.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ s1 = 'I love MATLAB']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ethen\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ s2 = 'V ybir ZNGYNO']]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWikipedia article\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e for more info.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44961,"title":"RSA decryption","description":"Decrypt a large integer string using RSA decryption given the public key (n) and private key (d). Convert the large integer decryption into an output message string with UTF-8 representation.\r\n\r\nExample:\r\n\r\n encrypted_message = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%input\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%input\r\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';%input\r\ndecrypted_message = 'I like to swim!';%output\r\n\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eDecrypt a large integer string using RSA decryption given the public key (n) and private key (d). Convert the large integer decryption into an output message string with UTF-8 representation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExample:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre\u003e encrypted_message = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%input\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%input\r\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';%input\r\ndecrypted_message = 'I like to swim!';%output\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function decrypted_message = RSA_Decrypt(encrypted_message,d,n)\r\n decrypted_message = 'I like to swim!';\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nm='158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';\r\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';\r\nmessage = 'I like to swim!';\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Decrypt(m,d,n),message))\r\n%%\r\nm='99761240327251194937668282784881225946299704960682605372368300120848092908591455333889649815054891832920433772438140697229743047905660648016064750862552787515723449901585029566883857331537912668878918706229773460108043130645834201085405226084010413433457258525704626839479467337463012332940952234541291286602023412313079939518264986360860440514106228995186076871512459300140814669747884371890194124';\r\nn='2044371069952561243871813747701535503388267616657953475148898181142012590397809234167373308955772082860082985954286137615597515257087506574051530104475374974920093127841789408014496870693507622812332673504654584870100580476794800708440785082437228308551107726064054828640053321250498545183042994878498928173976370185712833904492317580152665428272199317847097773542066059565512439224992672101163367819';\r\nd='131358569595346680469722564224349085322306406056832660693226883146757023027681686453130430199929142940992255578581548217026735077095312421736286269892515739496597527524021166625708322359741224036234988705082882699895245449017415856831226734459122764117157172961113990706104659539690141481103935528273973382371183154438463086325519326121228923730136467766036183357672350586091588640276470994058874793';\r\nmessage = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nout=RSA_Decrypt(m,n,d);\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Decrypt(m,d,n),message))\r\n%%\r\nm='23055330962704323769878549529115024711681463755869375992447358448257597289666397997393945478297323372847937346015110864832142828615195632399869833059964395947034849804307978652470092440225822549097020437344501330227622390881049097656181781980124142659454562923055085607225529541369345564097544873012395850084756321027482195140106724706102857159831541577386517426252851135917933602432485339455137853480425755360413522537180403768732770990453717801905433194599201771294559164174484366213507079896512750859909040228686293902666244968559905065091421969981123917913807285202549025830873320919273470513619143052127674709353494599047667391749001044180280253098309127910967801244777547067797257847396027373615105278074126621948502699483945442597921239032762535839481741386676784123570880434889025648597593711911259097408384527597630246903648267481820555872340696607290773027177673329986283293168575528258578575033034179306629426942699054620008867304832513427178319015491321861291086200676826846740503213061372327825278234127270730394825241275398344604061667061892125034848354745243512927194104643800196788262228848172689053393410972717679060779374106225778531311917434399927265718394014531619654762559111657295163989321031700962115070401533540746801357628868609255941469541707984326602981168016264720519340003693219403163278843126513912057794102645161814569893320900148891952732032827189210372803453777673309727629845360314416264926243414888253428149538146304399700653423118791724424837155323935319171814705469113037576054893140065594406360362408167462563925199225169055130480445976569760198217276692195730775524801021060293503580957364539210146595506177369243830063105693396808209631409860229448190041996912370291877581261016834769083953407597967437841733812344230896457097759403613339974363380556576775192238298546579676296359906794868505900966056565863994904406875527092603782089107591766239203672780399852597928423220774857864301715176837587724591257928112610743311445186658958007825888475800717425136849205837547536117562642680';\r\nn='44842008376687803367401704855862174057751658874412319214254366772513580664834338103711248053800336314605433363839051280089244765499067546768593375603554906634041005882836398715141891796137918851678901692978242458027064144613729242304549721699241688731628849316717564354846304644497408201649639245333007226999680183209765262168096747256549932760714835163829498814356014506466022681051474161134416048209239076204778228261950266231966892099194904195589855692846886804440024833800891898474520523721428667143505915995217245366095168045283186412220277535584022415882288464175935131208288146822299727657938865855853054174274144036081729604573534323903573564345990066095029031133576597298513883268061041004553754062342541175017746399640362184228727837219293246060058323563065371426108553463224921179093569734439828568435658070810483844709529476015493154462587917722806971578721201741643550136095893915598053953011321347017522943202801820158823344592288227452688958887872572522782675644714289349442555731461112275849176682816627205790162163242534462778708459909915826953853537650009043468930450287584181263070727575137424307931682948818963610116434419852585517456098152109913486868606969385133300794635427715727859479612757775192862801547635779921771426233897718528292667112148507798722127322607462037572360649156150337532940752245966765201596748120586383127825681873289878451591957019880886587602576426267683951317718936847177641679183717321862429721190212389237395890951104472937261743929446841800523276218816808066432194473964294708564511969507018959711475230849760902049071415838600456901108854663197095849833602808088094456341330276320302662577163562657750920481798540333412112880539002713127873625438212479154166226846436038698572615482646490520911334607730484144343834476612603467400722323562384577281087071440008144012534847478593412147312743274523095010025887231371129897419306984829625295595332434377173711414555784685658774002600022998291909172576630780759729269867715816511099791566815282862210319017784751883446582453959';\r\nd='6565816445407878925089441991498747612160839198603241148969054176252198301108538816900577327681584864655900309129187116952811278662878254707896639032786256375181309679291058212467790617143590175026484896254317631677185521639888090836542092702228103896557828982761215001435908561096741216458335569193212038242350596427680660630865867932219252556141104387324837429582683296520255026128293117631961432452139374326884841820676484348718346835892309697741432400454075190738155214690226263908349465883864526754491093121291860880617807231984031261908018115438062149668224668541927056762969514272957080528641551440449912383177971011340773567381595669197227397095749281691989236351340479846140946699426488082757798251098448588056674770754671643802109836061405587518383808732642252532232749119323532411226969424472963287039513173436339822906642733903667734412972727748722945805719038892729473535651253460092450459024621811281873600606895132005494130257832946742084673535377347237875132451694131873556170785954511701761479583203082125987308962572083138475191433479413530168163642321800669575367485309537509082240852273955663933547032858727060003363699057579114677450927657082252183166216411898446363400905797006665507108575986344278988745322935954278566001664060256959781130851422164231215979527541890717097899466088129536122753240075629363188908753526503257284825826946057815889269456925910606842810401392503996936381736547569711529540423604489529836981870198914784848089842823822656591932437295439032050213520000125621624734133380868707883468507784350355251698659006842220673722867592264770652693364873913361956132623339827358272992906883218249723187904101702943978747751691915678242891407493339828656260188711974558580485287404900248093520605466868886511014909072710668999090169680693653605673085931199903788603401848851956524927526592113342563256817891019122155938256416456381627581783190684277329685396205824988569434587069719626936811661218907123975873968219302538615272967013401476757929690613750478379916399826582503908605565505';\r\nmessage = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nout=RSA_Decrypt(m,n,d);\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Decrypt(m,d,n),message))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":3,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":7,"test_suite_updated_at":"2019-09-08T23:48:25.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-08-29T18:26:28.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T14:51:55.000Z","published_at":"2019-09-05T14:41:54.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDecrypt a large integer string using RSA decryption given the public key (n) and private key (d). Convert the large integer decryption into an output message string with UTF-8 representation.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eExample:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[ encrypted_message = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%input\\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%input\\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';%input\\ndecrypted_message = 'I like to swim!';%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44963,"title":"Mask Generation Function (MGF1) for PKCS #1 Standard utilizing Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding for RSA Cryptography","description":"Create Mask Generation Function (MGF1) from PKCS #1 v2.2 standard (B.2.1 page 50) at below link. Input will be character array (mgfSeed) which will need to be converted to octet array using UTF-8 representation. Output must be octet array (uint8) of length, maskLen (input). Hashing must use SHA-1 (160 - 20 byte).\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n mgfSeed = 'I like to swim.';%input\r\n maskLen = 20;%input\r\n mask = [170,251,101,210,23,101,10,242,193,163,174,148,104,138,228,245,52,234,0,195];%output\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://www.emc.com/collateral/white-papers/h11300-pkcs-1v2-2-rsa-cryptography-standard-wp.pdf\u003e","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 194px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 97px; transform-origin: 407px 97px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCreate Mask Generation Function (MGF1) from PKCS #1 v2.2 standard (B.2.1) at below link. Input will be character array (mgfSeed) which will need to be converted to octet array using UTF-8 representation. Output must be octet array (uint8) of length, maskLen (input). Hashing must use SHA-1 (160 - 20 byte).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor example:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 60px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 30px; transform-origin: 404px 30px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003emgfSeed = \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); \"\u003e'I like to swim.'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003emaskLen = 20;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003emask = [170,251,101,210,23,101,10,242,193,163,174,148,104,138,228,245,52,234,0,195];\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%output\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function mask = mgf(mgfSeed,maskLen)\r\n mask = []%octet array of length maskLen\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nmgfSeed = 'I like to swim.';\r\nmaskLen = 20;\r\nmask = [170,251,101,210,23,101,10,242,193,163,174,148,104,138,228,245,52,234,0,195];\r\nassert(isequal(mgf(mgfSeed,maskLen),mask))\r\n%%\r\nmgfSeed = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nmaskLen = 825;\r\nmask = [40 55 251 83 143 211 49 16 87 56 109 116 17 188 72 54 231 67 125 182 223 53 149 36 246 233 71 113 113 29 176 61 74 77 205 167 179 99 172 172 212 249 53 148 13 89 253 3 85 0 155 181 94 15 8 122 120 92 29 229 229 46 192 162 252 119 243 94 52 12 133 98 161 249 152 68 69 22 156 155 229 132 30 163 102 90 217 160 36 53 185 128 74 224 105 214 134 90 188 101 98 220 43 162 251 183 72 54 219 4 44 185 199 193 31 42 129 112 74 25 81 133 70 156 38 225 243 24 50 132 79 130 42 72 145 158 105 253 190 62 73 107 95 133 78 238 214 39 88 245 40 46 166 201 173 209 234 194 3 117 226 32 176 12 139 83 211 67 101 99 174 126 103 130 83 56 157 52 76 21 189 99 217 43 150 92 219 148 173 138 184 183 203 62 231 125 42 79 29 248 30 26 127 50 9 31 219 212 160 157 243 15 52 217 7 144 43 241 70 98 247 231 174 111 96 91 108 59 164 146 77 180 212 155 165 18 150 198 100 233 255 129 44 170 150 243 244 126 203 255 231 28 94 77 58 198 147 84 212 248 36 34 107 210 77 79 80 224 24 126 88 125 255 11 124 227 44 253 242 234 59 176 108 146 170 132 20 128 230 141 187 81 139 26 119 47 159 8 182 40 94 213 107 223 21 187 35 1 40 145 154 92 218 252 46 201 203 65 48 94 118 110 5 158 212 19 129 9 59 124 19 190 201 55 141 124 210 85 240 34 150 81 154 11 3 116 204 37 73 39 169 234 50 241 131 94 9 133 0 209 190 171 206 93 165 145 142 117 230 34 245 223 205 153 227 202 3 218 56 163 203 137 46 114 78 248 196 136 19 177 126 95 231 213 251 130 39 57 59 228 251 73 48 9 109 11 172 152 223 120 153 108 233 76 117 219 8 6 124 44 7 249 116 43 198 98 55 235 52 47 146 239 76 142 88 19 64 169 209 206 255 101 91 197 36 180 253 52 54 63 198 63 113 58 43 229 141 59 4 147 34 200 7 184 108 176 153 95 94 18 235 178 160 51 63 154 227 39 231 71 246 109 13 199 185 220 180 50 146 85 194 176 175 159 103 177 47 149 252 182 33 224 226 1 232 167 94 93 202 55 60 201 228 107 135 142 22 165 168 124 219 216 34 230 174 179 66 67 91 92 186 30 48 9 177 192 254 190 236 52 84 114 255 3 81 150 112 131 49 157 48 243 218 11 132 40 13 68 214 159 36 109 152 219 32 219 193 182 69 37 104 217 115 54 158 79 90 3 223 116 127 8 28 233 223 194 30 241 180 45 209 77 180 184 52 132 164 49 206 50 57 149 118 105 44 25 212 141 253 150 45 244 73 203 10 137 161 118 49 165 248 105 215 58 90 67 180 78 22 135 102 173 139 62 31 63 82 187 78 47 2 176 144 83 22 143 31 155 8 160 12 252 164 52 159 102 113 95 132 49 168 194 137 32 131 189 139 77 143 248 36 30 154 239 163 149 86 9 178 122 6 248 25 208 211 142 59 23 72 43 158 195 244 232 229 245 148 49 163 28 81 93 106 33 239 249 26 220 73 65 112 249 254 251 91 106 204 113 10 59 34 114 189 185 188 181 100 185 22 188 221 187 109 170 35 57 181 234 157 230 206 169 97 140 51 170 128 215 188 14 50 190 167 41 173 19 10 98 165 12 77 49 21 33 147 93 84 163 106 151 234 76 252 91 165 248 223 136 85 124 174 90 188 130 174 83 92 181 134 65 91 105 15 103 91 15 27 201 162 58 84 164 33 137 63 0 84 0 78 180 31 218 47 84 43 13 35 122 117 205 59 81 146 97 14];\r\nassert(isequal(mgf(mgfSeed,maskLen),mask))\r\n%%\r\nmgfSeed = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nmaskLen = 300;\r\nmask = [96 185 223 209 149 51 224 128 249 139 57 249 190 69 199 132 37 24 75 127 98 59 231 206 13 83 79 111 181 220 204 120 27 178 155 116 155 11 157 112 10 195 106 4 127 146 101 112 197 29 54 45 14 78 16 100 1 111 156 44 138 141 219 101 171 1 126 254 60 82 214 63 13 94 227 238 64 173 93 142 3 224 63 76 8 190 105 8 77 113 250 243 249 82 56 124 129 116 121 131 207 116 80 185 72 184 244 232 236 127 37 195 236 163 176 245 65 48 169 131 19 36 208 178 184 150 188 50 221 83 132 241 73 205 23 9 41 74 65 251 10 21 133 150 101 15 42 153 164 197 136 19 113 134 153 247 10 161 221 184 195 215 253 149 223 83 180 148 198 4 53 112 114 39 18 132 254 170 130 61 6 158 224 166 76 187 190 128 14 251 158 218 192 68 46 210 199 231 120 57 212 10 107 2 50 37 110 30 87 48 2 134 81 165 107 95 250 206 98 26 45 102 173 46 85 103 137 4 140 154 236 142 125 211 28 164 94 41 8 70 215 10 13 140 139 97 205 60 212 205 35 175 235 158 88 165 40 41 187 215 72 172 97 159 119 79 80 31 128 121 108 94 219 216 77 209 184 244 90 238 182 207 244 52 248 6 220 175 117 122 236 228 219 42 49 196 186 12 19 95];\r\nassert(isequal(mgf(mgfSeed,maskLen),mask))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":4,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-09-06T22:10:21.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T14:43:51.000Z","published_at":"2019-09-06T22:31:17.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCreate Mask Generation Function (MGF1) from PKCS #1 v2.2 standard (B.2.1) at below link. Input will be character array (mgfSeed) which will need to be converted to octet array using UTF-8 representation. Output must be octet array (uint8) of length, maskLen (input). Hashing must use SHA-1 (160 - 20 byte).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[mgfSeed = 'I like to swim.';%input\\nmaskLen = 20;%input\\nmask = [170,251,101,210,23,101,10,242,193,163,174,148,104,138,228,245,52,234,0,195];%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":44959,"title":"RSA encryption using public key ","description":"Encrypt the message text by converting to uint8 matrix using UTF-8 representation. Convert uint8 matrix to a large integer string. Use RSA encryption on the integer string given the public keys (n and e) and output the encrypted integer string. The public key (e) will always be fixed at 65537. No hashing or padding of the message is done.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n message = 'I like to swim!';%given as input\r\n integer_String = '379695297047669462525290688599911713';%calculated\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%given as input\r\ne= 65537;%fixed\r\noutput_String = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%output\r\n\r\nSee:\r\n\u003chttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003e\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eEncrypt the message text by converting to uint8 matrix using UTF-8 representation. Convert uint8 matrix to a large integer string. Use RSA encryption on the integer string given the public keys (n and e) and output the encrypted integer string. The public key (e) will always be fixed at 65537. No hashing or padding of the message is done.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003emessage = 'I like to swim!';%given as input\r\ninteger_String = '379695297047669462525290688599911713';%calculated\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%given as input\r\ne= 65537;%fixed\r\noutput_String = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%output\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eSee: \u003ca href = \"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\"\u003ehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function encrypted_message = RSA_Encrypt(message,n)\r\n encrypted_message='14133';\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nmessage = 'I like to swim!';\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';\r\nout = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Encrypt(message,n),out))\r\n%%\r\nmessage = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nn='44842008376687803367401704855862174057751658874412319214254366772513580664834338103711248053800336314605433363839051280089244765499067546768593375603554906634041005882836398715141891796137918851678901692978242458027064144613729242304549721699241688731628849316717564354846304644497408201649639245333007226999680183209765262168096747256549932760714835163829498814356014506466022681051474161134416048209239076204778228261950266231966892099194904195589855692846886804440024833800891898474520523721428667143505915995217245366095168045283186412220277535584022415882288464175935131208288146822299727657938865855853054174274144036081729604573534323903573564345990066095029031133576597298513883268061041004553754062342541175017746399640362184228727837219293246060058323563065371426108553463224921179093569734439828568435658070810483844709529476015493154462587917722806971578721201741643550136095893915598053953011321347017522943202801820158823344592288227452688958887872572522782675644714289349442555731461112275849176682816627205790162163242534462778708459909915826953853537650009043468930450287584181263070727575137424307931682948818963610116434419852585517456098152109913486868606969385133300794635427715727859479612757775192862801547635779921771426233897718528292667112148507798722127322607462037572360649156150337532940752245966765201596748120586383127825681873289878451591957019880886587602576426267683951317718936847177641679183717321862429721190212389237395890951104472937261743929446841800523276218816808066432194473964294708564511969507018959711475230849760902049071415838600456901108854663197095849833602808088094456341330276320302662577163562657750920481798540333412112880539002713127873625438212479154166226846436038698572615482646490520911334607730484144343834476612603467400722323562384577281087071440008144012534847478593412147312743274523095010025887231371129897419306984829625295595332434377173711414555784685658774002600022998291909172576630780759729269867715816511099791566815282862210319017784751883446582453959';\r\nout = '23055330962704323769878549529115024711681463755869375992447358448257597289666397997393945478297323372847937346015110864832142828615195632399869833059964395947034849804307978652470092440225822549097020437344501330227622390881049097656181781980124142659454562923055085607225529541369345564097544873012395850084756321027482195140106724706102857159831541577386517426252851135917933602432485339455137853480425755360413522537180403768732770990453717801905433194599201771294559164174484366213507079896512750859909040228686293902666244968559905065091421969981123917913807285202549025830873320919273470513619143052127674709353494599047667391749001044180280253098309127910967801244777547067797257847396027373615105278074126621948502699483945442597921239032762535839481741386676784123570880434889025648597593711911259097408384527597630246903648267481820555872340696607290773027177673329986283293168575528258578575033034179306629426942699054620008867304832513427178319015491321861291086200676826846740503213061372327825278234127270730394825241275398344604061667061892125034848354745243512927194104643800196788262228848172689053393410972717679060779374106225778531311917434399927265718394014531619654762559111657295163989321031700962115070401533540746801357628868609255941469541707984326602981168016264720519340003693219403163278843126513912057794102645161814569893320900148891952732032827189210372803453777673309727629845360314416264926243414888253428149538146304399700653423118791724424837155323935319171814705469113037576054893140065594406360362408167462563925199225169055130480445976569760198217276692195730775524801021060293503580957364539210146595506177369243830063105693396808209631409860229448190041996912370291877581261016834769083953407597967437841733812344230896457097759403613339974363380556576775192238298546579676296359906794868505900966056565863994904406875527092603782089107591766239203672780399852597928423220774857864301715176837587724591257928112610743311445186658958007825888475800717425136849205837547536117562642680';\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Encrypt(message,n),out))\r\n%%\r\nmessage = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nn='2044371069952561243871813747701535503388267616657953475148898181142012590397809234167373308955772082860082985954286137615597515257087506574051530104475374974920093127841789408014496870693507622812332673504654584870100580476794800708440785082437228308551107726064054828640053321250498545183042994878498928173976370185712833904492317580152665428272199317847097773542066059565512439224992672101163367819';\r\nout = '99761240327251194937668282784881225946299704960682605372368300120848092908591455333889649815054891832920433772438140697229743047905660648016064750862552787515723449901585029566883857331537912668878918706229773460108043130645834201085405226084010413433457258525704626839479467337463012332940952234541291286602023412313079939518264986360860440514106228995186076871512459300140814669747884371890194124';\r\nassert(isequal(RSA_Encrypt(message,n),out))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":5,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":8,"test_suite_updated_at":"2019-08-29T18:00:37.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-08-29T02:42:05.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T14:57:07.000Z","published_at":"2019-08-29T02:52:31.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEncrypt the message text by converting to uint8 matrix using UTF-8 representation. Convert uint8 matrix to a large integer string. Use RSA encryption on the integer string given the public keys (n and e) and output the encrypted integer string. The public key (e) will always be fixed at 65537. No hashing or padding of the message is done.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[message = 'I like to swim!';%given as input\\ninteger_String = '379695297047669462525290688599911713';%calculated\\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';%given as input\\ne= 65537;%fixed\\noutput_String = '158037161019988039882393476857386648994978438821991287680442802412825849535544067751541256843540494019';%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":45213,"title":"AES-256 KeyExpansion()","description":"Given a 32-byte hexadecimal character array representing the AES-256 input key, execute the AES-256 algorithm, KeyExpansion() and output the xth (input) key-word of this 60-word sequence as a 4x2 hexadecimal array. You will need the SubBytes() function done in one of my previous Cody problems.\r\n\r\nRefer to this link: \u003chttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003e\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n key='e32868331fa8ef0138de0de85478346aec5e3912b6029ae71691c384237a3eeb';\r\n x=58;%want key-word number 58 out of 60\r\n w=['d0';'eb';'7c';'8a'];%58th key-word","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven a 32-byte hexadecimal character array representing the AES-256 input key, execute the AES-256 algorithm, KeyExpansion() and output the xth (input) key-word of this 60-word sequence as a 4x2 hexadecimal array. You will need the SubBytes() function done in one of my previous Cody problems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefer to this link: \u003ca href = \"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\"\u003ehttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003ekey='e32868331fa8ef0138de0de85478346aec5e3912b6029ae71691c384237a3eeb';\r\nx=58;%want key-word number 58 out of 60\r\nw=['d0';'eb';'7c';'8a'];%58th key-word\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function w = KeyExpansion(key,x)\r\n w = key;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nkey='e32868331fa8ef0138de0de85478346aec5e3912b6029ae71691c384237a3eeb';\r\nx=58;\r\nw=['d0';'eb';'7c';'8a'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='4b6b0490163a5b44345675ba437aec16eee63eee26643e0d2fe1f51eb8e0ca0b';\r\nx=31\r\nw=['da';'8d';'75';'fb'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='c0ad28b4cb90e11f5420fbfe9042b10f79e5a3adc1ca2fdb6c3e034a4ee79d4b';\r\nx=60;\r\nw=['38';'57';'bb';'18'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='b8b6426ab2dedb79f812fc5c2edb81e5a3fd5ef58a9dcbe728fcb93e36352969';\r\nx=10;\r\nw=['9d';'cd';'60';'16'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='7f837ce449b892bce32f99ba24f64c5f40ac117fc56e514f48d978d8a2e48999';\r\nx=7;\r\nw=['48';'d9';'78';'d8'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='7f837ce449b892bce32f99ba24f64c5f40ac117fc56e514f48d978d8a2e48999';\r\nx=57;\r\nw=['e3';'7d';'c6';'78'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='7f837ce449b892bce32f99ba24f64c5f40ac117fc56e514f48d978d8a2e48999';\r\nx=58;\r\nw=['cd';'9a';'06';'35'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))\r\n%%\r\nkey='7f837ce449b892bce32f99ba24f64c5f40ac117fc56e514f48d978d8a2e48999';\r\nx=59;\r\nw=['1e';'2b';'6e';'33'];\r\nassert(isequal(KeyExpansion(key,x),w))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":3,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-11-22T00:25:14.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-11T16:12:13.000Z","published_at":"2019-11-22T01:37:11.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a 32-byte hexadecimal character array representing the AES-256 input key, execute the AES-256 algorithm, KeyExpansion() and output the xth (input) key-word of this 60-word sequence as a 4x2 hexadecimal array. You will need the SubBytes() function done in one of my previous Cody problems.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRefer to this link:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[key='e32868331fa8ef0138de0de85478346aec5e3912b6029ae71691c384237a3eeb';\\nx=58;%want key-word number 58 out of 60\\nw=['d0';'eb';'7c';'8a'];%58th key-word]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44964,"title":"Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding of message for RSA Cryptography ","description":"EME-OAEP encoding of input message using a Feistel network with SHA-1 hashing within the mask generation function (MGF1) (see problem 44963/below link 7.1.1 page 18). Inputs will include message (M), label (L), a random seed (seed) array of octets of length 20 (needed such that outputs can be compared), and output length (k). Output (EM) array will be an array of octets of length, k. Hash length will always be 20 for SHA-1 (160-20 bytes). The character length of input message will never exceed k-42.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n M = 'I like to swim.';%input\r\n L = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';%input\r\n seed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];%input\r\n k = 100;%input\r\n EM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,...\r\n87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,...\r\n35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,...\r\n217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,...\r\n148,12,50,108,248,32,94];%output\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://www.emc.com/collateral/white-papers/h11300-pkcs-1v2-2-rsa-cryptography-standard-wp.pdf\u003e","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 356px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 178px; transform-origin: 407px 178px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 105px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 52.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 52.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEME-OAEP encoding of input message using a Feistel network with SHA-1 hashing and mask generation function (MGF1) (see problem 44963/below link, section 9.1.1.1 (figure 1 shows the encoding process)). Inputs will include message (M), label (L), a random seed (seed) array of octets of length 20 (needed such that outputs can be compared), and output length (k). Output (EM) array will be an array of octets of length, k. Hash length will always be 20 from SHA-1 (160-20 bytes). The character length of input message will never exceed k-42.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor example:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 180px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 90px; transform-origin: 404px 90px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eM = \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); \"\u003e'I like to swim.'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eL = \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); \"\u003e'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003ek = 100;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e148,12,50,108,248,32,94];\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%output\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function EM = EMEOAEPencoding(M,L,seed,k)\r\n EM = []%octet array of length k\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nM = 'I like to swim.';\r\nL = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';\r\nseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];\r\nk = 100;\r\nEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,148,12,50,108,248,32,94];\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPencoding(M,L,seed,k),EM))\r\n%%\r\nM = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nL = '';\r\nseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];\r\nk = 300;\r\nEM = [0 145 194 62 62 111 86 188 50 37 165 231 16 42 25 79 223 177 117 187 135 200 203 136 184 133 38 175 66 35 142 212 144 116 66 37 151 8 190 218 29 238 213 11 189 225 88 83 218 175 183 98 58 237 89 80 123 64 40 154 137 44 13 186 97 133 92 11 228 32 100 188 61 37 150 198 178 73 252 17 133 233 68 13 39 99 3 239 108 106 202 227 127 142 79 34 126 244 41 92 240 8 127 153 251 25 82 79 247 92 187 51 84 38 104 240 52 209 144 160 144 119 131 67 128 116 98 132 51 79 8 114 69 202 80 243 194 61 17 33 225 232 173 5 153 230 32 155 34 62 72 2 211 212 227 5 115 217 33 189 21 170 51 190 217 119 148 73 209 109 114 90 104 237 168 60 144 120 191 7 186 8 205 111 192 249 192 197 34 225 209 153 234 5 27 165 82 42 132 167 158 64 218 239 71 49 166 27 37 9 154 2 255 193 72 75 7 121 121 240 74 116 185 58 79 106 68 14 17 49 68 96 160 2 75 15 122 144 36 47 230 112 39 221 21 141 251 178 10 215 180 230 184 189 112 108 187 83 94 157 69 140 201 40 158 119 28 159 116 196 206 112 91 141 68 122 113 183 92 111 44 149 187 223 179 157 29 79 180 231 38 122 231 82 98 42 69 14 162 53];\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPencoding(M,L,seed,k),EM))\r\n%%\r\nM = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nL = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789';\r\nseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];\r\nk = 825;\r\nEM = [0 85 82 177 212 151 6 148 36 245 178 209 163 30 35 103 231 155 104 206 51 230 201 47 178 114 199 15 172 217 175 58 48 240 133 0 186 218 10 200 31 238 213 10 237 132 55 35 182 202 151 21 82 130 121 35 14 35 75 255 236 72 45 210 0 243 57 43 137 79 9 217 83 81 227 171 156 105 168 121 224 201 41 98 85 6 35 155 4 15 179 195 12 251 44 65 27 145 77 112 208 124 23 252 219 116 61 61 146 124 207 91 49 95 72 135 85 191 228 128 228 24 163 48 245 23 1 225 86 43 40 19 43 174 112 135 170 88 49 76 142 154 200 37 237 142 69 226 2 88 33 108 183 244 130 37 4 184 88 157 97 197 19 205 172 20 247 44 180 9 92 122 59 132 197 85 252 25 205 107 195 36 237 24 168 156 174 229 81 142 188 252 133 107 126 133 59 89 164 193 255 41 182 134 41 86 138 59 81 97 255 34 139 164 38 47 98 23 26 137 106 29 202 26 59 5 100 105 116 69 100 15 206 34 42 47 30 255 83 65 145 17 85 185 53 254 139 219 120 182 216 198 204 213 17 24 155 48 63 243 101 233 191 77 240 87 126 250 23 171 163 21 123 236 100 9 20 219 58 66 74 224 215 185 218 241 113 38 218 128 6 10 149 61 18 66 32 109 219 27 107 176 90 163 116 99 71 16 108 89 192 253 121 121 76 157 101 157 217 51 53 248 195 95 93 183 71 29 199 2 182 31 120 35 167 44 189 160 2 154 234 162 113 204 18 138 81 155 86 122 147 44 23 181 90 135 49 235 41 194 82 181 31 45 131 78 127 198 121 132 49 6 186 66 157 159 79 110 184 152 83 107 73 61 22 86 160 156 200 177 64 217 32 251 102 4 165 143 254 215 165 224 110 76 57 69 13 198 180 106 236 11 39 238 0 220 63 109 239 190 19 85 92 23 28 183 233 72 88 193 8 101 127 214 171 7 94 156 148 220 40 84 44 149 7 245 165 150 197 27 93 255 146 15 132 133 174 208 4 156 246 12 37 50 78 85 95 212 198 41 22 138 214 135 145 197 137 114 172 128 48 126 202 198 0 35 15 37 127 1 34 44 164 46 131 12 87 254 9 210 140 50 85 180 173 121 24 14 192 237 75 224 91 242 205 155 8 136 51 38 161 6 129 234 36 1 56 251 11 6 73 36 74 230 95 174 47 94 53 106 142 71 123 88 32 41 7 108 41 101 40 120 254 196 47 251 83 224 181 114 255 127 56 6 182 182 153 244 162 214 115 183 162 69 47 174 112 68 89 110 180 43 47 159 195 123 73 230 230 186 204 129 110 234 218 152 57 154 232 91 68 237 204 222 179 175 192 249 1 128 5 180 93 29 14 97 175 138 175 221 223 219 62 93 142 51 123 194 90 6 215 32 181 60 48 92 100 114 28 164 71 110 244 129 190 125 27 156 223 133 7 128 55 127 93 3 21 66 38 184 50 52 6 164 175 17 255 103 42 28 126 66 19 149 66 6 234 170 194 104 85 42 166 171 117 101 33 74 35 181 46 242 102 192 226 183 132 223 154 97 142 119 107 6 98 93 129 255 247 144 159 12 245 161 179 28 1 228 24 38 147 55 148 10 247 224 154 201 241 32 53 23 219 52 0 124 35 47 36 89 180 68 57 183 240 94 235 86 152 105 26 113 72 38 83 194 138 16 45 187 50 207 192 151 54 80 108 139 211 116 186 176 20 250 32 117 237 241 239 224 147 110 22 190 71 59 47 97 8 144 236 102 8 216 238 225 40 212 181 238 106 223 38 121 175 55 54 194 114 234 213 89 36 150 177 249 96 235 51 12 205 84 247 160 76];\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPencoding(M,L,seed,k),EM))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":12,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-09-06T23:39:52.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T14:05:18.000Z","published_at":"2019-09-07T00:59:36.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEME-OAEP encoding of input message using a Feistel network with SHA-1 hashing and mask generation function (MGF1) (see problem 44963/below link, section 9.1.1.1 (figure 1 shows the encoding process)). Inputs will include message (M), label (L), a random seed (seed) array of octets of length 20 (needed such that outputs can be compared), and output length (k). Output (EM) array will be an array of octets of length, k. Hash length will always be 20 from SHA-1 (160-20 bytes). The character length of input message will never exceed k-42.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[M = 'I like to swim.';%input\\nL = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';%input\\nseed = [147,11,108,119,5,16,236,136,93,93,38,38,89,86,200,124,118,33,226,172];%input\\nk = 100;%input\\nEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,...\\n87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,...\\n35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,...\\n217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,...\\n148,12,50,108,248,32,94];%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":44956,"title":"Determine RSA keys (public and private) given two prime number character strings (p and q)","description":"Given two prime number character strings (p and q), generate the RSA public and private keys (n and d) with e = 65537. The more difficult part is doing this without the use of symbolic numbers.\r\nExample: p = '3355335697481001330501721', q = '5955344080483688912855719'\r\nn='19982178584029090861856118769095354822153154192399'\r\nd='3270348772331599380262578849367006078599068947553'\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven two prime number character strings (p and q), generate the RSA public and private keys (n and d) with e = 65537. The more difficult part is doing this without the use of symbolic numbers.\r\nExample: p = '3355335697481001330501721', q = '5955344080483688912855719'\r\nn='19982178584029090861856118769095354822153154192399'\r\nd='3270348772331599380262578849367006078599068947553'\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href = \"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\"\u003ehttps://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"function [n,d] = keyGeneration(p,q)\r\n n = p;\r\n d = q;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\np = '3355335697481001330501721';\r\nq = '5955344080483688912855719';\r\nn='19982178584029090861856118769095354822153154192399';\r\nd='3270348772331599380262578849367006078599068947553';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))\r\n%%\r\np = '813610636673';\r\nq = '1605983302589';\r\nn='1306645097305643499246397';\r\nd='355984378478555057894913';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))\r\n%%\r\np = '67979691391330950855242581938207942707483223433259';\r\nq = '6153843674264879356192291854148321819411378704398479';\r\nn='418336393847020647250825879743341651032293545176800777981294580200903315345456262337972725306797613061';\r\nd='8444986024072025211908427894173383040354675378319105204646840203847580180874615752845913488969020869';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))\r\n%%\r\np = '9889977922600049892469466917642800243744956526655686322206918503863571743809023708648966023469645149';\r\nq = '2476454822450020555811121392457617785385805217059253393679351596046272567110905233495088857069108236299';\r\nn = '24492083520347129695334786995557239882540750861618765872694983337614252441655470479409598244691513160097634784088025768219041142794039842531021683737585081956313858395523050254392582005967309810771063551';\r\nd = '7043758337908398316945695794623843894382227935971901356005844728128437829322707899292187736941661046350269216062193211515498221491327821445579367736374708711769362662280124297131956999441862850977388289';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))\r\n%%\r\np = '26892754546730837119898059580995437039544399594421875855251066246511044160199048288603963625982639028058714345196159764252398791569637860905138287322706679328840515337572608690956308136959236074835599';\r\nq = '76019400184540822543696224086250845563040709795227937154720461468348727220343229834542918037619525984430713380822472295398107810565069813256377730791194881206750953165713183208458761595898204049235781';\r\nn='2044371069952561243871813747701535503388267616657953475148898181142012590397809234167373308955772082860082985954286137615597515257087506574051530104475374974920093127841789408014496870693507622812332673504654584870100580476794800708440785082437228308551107726064054828640053321250498545183042994878498928173976370185712833904492317580152665428272199317847097773542066059565512439224992672101163367819';\r\nd='131358569595346680469722564224349085322306406056832660693226883146757023027681686453130430199929142940992255578581548217026735077095312421736286269892515739496597527524021166625708322359741224036234988705082882699895245449017415856831226734459122764117157172961113990706104659539690141481103935528273973382371183154438463086325519326121228923730136467766036183357672350586091588640276470994058874793';\r\n[a,b]=keyGeneration(p,q);\r\nassert(isequal(a,n))\r\nassert(isequal(b,d))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":3,"comments_count":10,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":17,"test_suite_updated_at":"2019-08-28T22:45:19.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-08-26T02:38:07.000Z","updated_at":"2026-03-04T16:55:19.000Z","published_at":"2019-08-26T02:45:23.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven two prime number character strings (p and q), generate the RSA public and private keys (n and d) with e = 65537. The more difficult part is doing this without the use of symbolic numbers. Example: p = '3355335697481001330501721', q = '5955344080483688912855719' n='19982178584029090861856118769095354822153154192399' d='3270348772331599380262578849367006078599068947553'\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_algorithm\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44383,"title":"Code breaker, Part III: Operation Xiangliu","description":"You have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted. \r\n\r\nBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher Caesar cipher\u003e (a type of \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher substitution cipher\u003e), an example of which is the \u003chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13 ROT13 cipher\u003e (discussed in \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher Cody Challenge Problem 78\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation, numbers, accented letters) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and will vary _between_ (not within) batches — also, here you need to decode, not encode. \r\n\r\nThese latest activities that you are investigating have been nicknamed 'Operation Xiangliu' by your own organisation. A few decoding options are at your organisation's disposal: \r\n\r\n# Test the candidate decodings against all words in a large dictionary — this could work, but it is very slow.\r\n# Test the candidate decodings for the appearance of a name or phrase that is certain to appear regularly (e.g. \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351 \"Operation Phoenix\"\u003e) — unfortunately as yet there is not enough knowledge of the activities to be sure of a suitable name or phrase to use. \r\n# Test the candidate decodings against all words in a short list comprising, say, the hundred most frequently used English words.\r\n\r\nThe *third option* will be faster than the first option, and more reliable than the second option, so this is the approach you will be taking. \r\n\r\nYou have been careful to avoid using 'lemmatised' lists (which contain e.g. the verb \"to be\", rather than the various inflected forms such as \"am\", \"is\", \"are\") like those based on the \u003chttps://web.archive.org/web/20111226085859/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/the-oec-facts-about-the-language OEC\u003e or \u003chttps://www.wordfrequency.info/free.asp?s=y COCA\u003e, and after setting aside \u003chttp://world-english.org/english500.htm another list\u003e you finally choose the \u003chttp://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/bncfreq/samples/120.pdf list based on the BNC\u003e as the most reliable, and will use the first 100 words on that list. \r\nThis list will be available for you to access as an input variable, |bncWordlist|, to your function. Note: (i) some entries on the list are morphemes (e.g. \"\u0026#x200A;n't\u0026#x200A;\" and \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\") rather than words; (ii) some entries appear more than once (representing different grammatical word classes). Of course, in the original messages any capitalisation might be used. \r\n\r\nYou have been instructed that your 'certitude' (degree of confidence) in the decoding must be reported for each batch, and shall depend proportionally upon the sum of the characters for the words/morphemes in the decoded message that match words/morphemes in |bncWordlist|. Being able to match words/morphemes accounting for three-tenths of the characters (excluding spaces) shall correspond to 100% certitude; matching three-twentieths would be 50% certitude, and so on. Certitude shall be reported as a percentage, rounded _up_ to the nearest integer, not greater than 100. You need to maximise your certitude for each batch by appropriate choice of the shifting parameter. If there are multiple shifts of equal certitude, report both options on different rows (arranged in order of ascending shift parameter).\r\n\r\nYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html structure array\u003e: \u0026nbsp; (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html uint8\u003e] (usually scalar, but may be column vector); \u0026nbsp; (2) the decoded messages [as a \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta cell array\u003e (containing \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html character arrays\u003e)] (usually an array with a single row, but occasionally with multiple rows); \u0026nbsp; (3) your 'certitude' in the decoding [as \u003chttp://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html uint8\u003e] (always scalar). \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be |s|, with respective fields |shift|, |message|, and |certitude|. \r\n\r\n*EXAMPLE 1*\r\n\r\nSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages — _\"Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.\"_ and _\"Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.\"_ (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. \r\nThus the original messages would have been: _\"Unless pursued, open no doors.\"_ and _\"Eels can kill, not only wound.\"_ . Twelve of the 51 characters have been matched: \"no\", \"can\", \"not\", and \"only\". \r\n\r\nThe correct answer would therefore comprise: \r\n\r\n s.shift = uint8(1) \r\n s.message = {'Unless pursued, open no doors.', 'Eels can kill, not only wound.'}\r\n s.certitude = uint8(79)\r\n\r\n*EXAMPLE 2*\r\n\r\nSuppose the batch contained one encoded message — _\"Oa oqvvq'u cnycau dggp: \"Ctu itcvkc ctvku\".\"_ (provided as a character array within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT2 cipher had been applied. In that case A→C, B→D, ..., Y→A, and Z→B; similarly, a→c, b→d, ..., y→a, and z→b. \r\nThus the original message would have been: _\"My motto's always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".\"_ . Eight of the 37 characters have been matched: \"My\", \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\", and \"been\". Note carefully that: \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\" should only be matched once; \"to\" (in motto), \"be\" (in been), \"at\" (in gratia), \"is\" (in artis) and \"a\" (passim) should _not_ be matched at all; and \"\u0026#x200A;'\u0026#x200A;\" will only ever be used as an apostrophe (never as a quotation mark). \r\n\r\nThe correct answer would therefore comprise: \r\n\r\n s.shift = uint8(2) \r\n s.message = {'My motto''s always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".'}\r\n s.certitude = uint8(73)\r\n\r\nIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then return the original encoded message(s) unchanged, with a shift of zero and a certitude of zero. \r\n\r\n|Note: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)| \r\n\r\nTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\". \r\n\r\n----------\r\n\r\nPrevious problem: \u003chttps://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356 Operation Orthos\u003e. Next problem: TBA.","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\"\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/a\u003e (a type of \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\"\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/a\u003e), an example of which is the \u003ca href = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\"\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/a\u003e (discussed in \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\"\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/a\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation, numbers, accented letters) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and will vary \u003ci\u003ebetween\u003c/i\u003e (not within) batches — also, here you need to decode, not encode.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese latest activities that you are investigating have been nicknamed 'Operation Xiangliu' by your own organisation. A few decoding options are at your organisation's disposal:\u003c/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eTest the candidate decodings against all words in a large dictionary — this could work, but it is very slow.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTest the candidate decodings for the appearance of a name or phrase that is certain to appear regularly (e.g. \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351\"\u003e\"Operation Phoenix\"\u003c/a\u003e) — unfortunately as yet there is not enough knowledge of the activities to be sure of a suitable name or phrase to use.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTest the candidate decodings against all words in a short list comprising, say, the hundred most frequently used English words.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cb\u003ethird option\u003c/b\u003e will be faster than the first option, and more reliable than the second option, so this is the approach you will be taking.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou have been careful to avoid using 'lemmatised' lists (which contain e.g. the verb \"to be\", rather than the various inflected forms such as \"am\", \"is\", \"are\") like those based on the \u003ca href = \"https://web.archive.org/web/20111226085859/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/the-oec-facts-about-the-language\"\u003eOEC\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href = \"https://www.wordfrequency.info/free.asp?s=y\"\u003eCOCA\u003c/a\u003e, and after setting aside \u003ca href = \"http://world-english.org/english500.htm\"\u003eanother list\u003c/a\u003e you finally choose the \u003ca href = \"http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/bncfreq/samples/120.pdf\"\u003elist based on the BNC\u003c/a\u003e as the most reliable, and will use the first 100 words on that list. \r\nThis list will be available for you to access as an input variable, \u003ctt\u003ebncWordlist\u003c/tt\u003e, to your function. Note: (i) some entries on the list are morphemes (e.g. \"\u0026#x200A;n't\u0026#x200A;\" and \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\") rather than words; (ii) some entries appear more than once (representing different grammatical word classes). Of course, in the original messages any capitalisation might be used.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYou have been instructed that your 'certitude' (degree of confidence) in the decoding must be reported for each batch, and shall depend proportionally upon the sum of the characters for the words/morphemes in the decoded message that match words/morphemes in \u003ctt\u003ebncWordlist\u003c/tt\u003e. Being able to match words/morphemes accounting for three-tenths of the characters (excluding spaces) shall correspond to 100% certitude; matching three-twentieths would be 50% certitude, and so on. Certitude shall be reported as a percentage, rounded \u003ci\u003eup\u003c/i\u003e to the nearest integer, not greater than 100. You need to maximise your certitude for each batch by appropriate choice of the shifting parameter. If there are multiple shifts of equal certitude, report both options on different rows (arranged in order of ascending shift parameter).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\"\u003estructure array\u003c/a\u003e: \u0026nbsp; (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"\u003euint8\u003c/a\u003e] (usually scalar, but may be column vector); \u0026nbsp; (2) the decoded messages [as a \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta\"\u003ecell array\u003c/a\u003e (containing \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\"\u003echaracter arrays\u003c/a\u003e)] (usually an array with a single row, but occasionally with multiple rows); \u0026nbsp; (3) your 'certitude' in the decoding [as \u003ca href = \"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"\u003euint8\u003c/a\u003e] (always scalar). \r\nThe name of the structure array shall be \u003ctt\u003es\u003c/tt\u003e, with respective fields \u003ctt\u003eshift\u003c/tt\u003e, \u003ctt\u003emessage\u003c/tt\u003e, and \u003ctt\u003ecertitude\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEXAMPLE 1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages — \u003ci\u003e\"Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.\"\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e\"Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.\"\u003c/i\u003e (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. \r\nThus the original messages would have been: \u003ci\u003e\"Unless pursued, open no doors.\"\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003e\"Eels can kill, not only wound.\"\u003c/i\u003e . Twelve of the 51 characters have been matched: \"no\", \"can\", \"not\", and \"only\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correct answer would therefore comprise:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003es.shift = uint8(1) \r\ns.message = {'Unless pursued, open no doors.', 'Eels can kill, not only wound.'}\r\ns.certitude = uint8(79)\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEXAMPLE 2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuppose the batch contained one encoded message — \u003ci\u003e\"Oa oqvvq'u cnycau dggp: \"Ctu itcvkc ctvku\".\"\u003c/i\u003e (provided as a character array within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT2 cipher had been applied. In that case A→C, B→D, ..., Y→A, and Z→B; similarly, a→c, b→d, ..., y→a, and z→b. \r\nThus the original message would have been: \u003ci\u003e\"My motto's always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".\"\u003c/i\u003e . Eight of the 37 characters have been matched: \"My\", \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\", and \"been\". Note carefully that: \"\u0026#x200A;'s\u0026#x200A;\" should only be matched once; \"to\" (in motto), \"be\" (in been), \"at\" (in gratia), \"is\" (in artis) and \"a\" (passim) should \u003ci\u003enot\u003c/i\u003e be matched at all; and \"\u0026#x200A;'\u0026#x200A;\" will only ever be used as an apostrophe (never as a quotation mark).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correct answer would therefore comprise:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003es.shift = uint8(2) \r\ns.message = {'My motto''s always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".'}\r\ns.certitude = uint8(73)\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then return the original encoded message(s) unchanged, with a shift of zero and a certitude of zero.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ctt\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)\u003c/tt\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e----------\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious problem: \u003ca href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\"\u003eOperation Orthos\u003c/a\u003e. Next problem: TBA.\u003c/p\u003e","function_template":"% Comments are nice, aren't they....\r\nfunction s = decode(x, bncWordlist)\r\nend","test_suite":"%% NOTE: \r\n% This test suite can be updated if inappropriate 'hacks' \r\n% are discovered in any submitted solutions.\r\n% The assessment of your submission may therefore change over time. \r\n\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nbncWordlist = {'the', 'of', 'and', 'a', 'in', 'to', 'it', 'is', 'to', 'was', ...\r\n 'I', 'for', 'that', 'you', 'he', 'be', 'with', 'on', 'by', 'at', ...\r\n 'have', 'are', 'not', 'this', '''s', 'but', 'had', 'they', 'his', ...\r\n 'from', 'she', 'that', 'which', 'or', 'we', '''s', 'an', 'n''t', 'were', ...\r\n 'as', 'do', 'been', 'their', 'has', 'would', 'there', 'what', 'will', 'all', ...\r\n 'if', 'can', 'her', 'said', 'who', 'one', 'so', 'up', 'as', 'them', 'some', ...\r\n 'when', 'could', 'him', 'into', 'its', 'then', 'two', 'out', 'time', ...\r\n 'my', 'about', 'did', 'your', 'now', 'me', 'no', 'other', 'only', 'just', ...\r\n 'more', 'these', 'also', 'people', 'know', 'any', 'first', 'see', 'very', 'new', ...\r\n 'may', 'well', 'should', 'her', 'like', 'than', 'how', 'get', 'way', 'one', 'our'};\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Anti-hacking\r\n% EDIT (2019-07-02). Anti-hacking provision\r\n% Ensure only builtin functions will be called.\r\n! rm -v fileread.m\r\n! rm -v assert.m\r\n% END EDIT (2019-07-02)\r\n% EDIT (2018-06-18). Anti-hacking provision\r\nRE = regexp(fileread('decode.m'), '\\w+', 'match');\r\ntabooWords = {'ans', 'assert', 'freepass', 'tic'};\r\ntestResult = cellfun( @(z) ismember(z, tabooWords), RE );\r\nmsg = ['Please do not do that in your code!' char([10 13]) ...\r\n 'Found: ' strjoin(RE(testResult)) '.' char([10 13]) ...\r\n 'Banned word.' char([10 13])];\r\nassert(~any( cellfun( @(z) ismember(z, tabooWords), RE ) ), msg)\r\n\r\nfor j = 1 : randi(10)\r\n decode({'Pizza for dinner.'}, {'mozzarella', 'mushrooms'});\r\nend;\r\n% END EDIT (2018-06-18)\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 1\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.', 'Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(1);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Unless pursued, open no doors.', 'Eels can kill, not only wound.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(79);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\n%disp(' *** '); disp(s.message); disp(' *** ')\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message{1}, s_correct.message{1}), 'Wrong message{1}.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message{2}, s_correct.message{2}), 'Wrong message{2}.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s, s_correct), 'Wrong s.' )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.shift), 'uint8'), 'Wrong class.' )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message), 'cell'), 'Wrong class.' )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.message{1}), 'char'), 'Wrong class.' )\r\nassert( isequal(class(s.certitude), 'uint8'), 'Wrong class.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 2\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Doo zduiduh lv edvhg rq ghfhswlrq.', ...\r\n 'Khqfh, zkhq deoh wr dwwdfn, zh pxvw vhhp xqdeoh; zkhq xvlqj rxu irufhv, zh pxvw vhhp lqdfwlyh; zkhq zh duh qhdu, zh pxvw pdnh wkh hqhpb eholhyh zh duh idu dzdb; zkhq idu dzdb, zh pxvw pdnh klp eholhyh zh duh qhdu.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(3);\r\ns_correct.message = {'All warfare is based on deception.', ...\r\n 'Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(95);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\n%disp(' *** '); disp(s.message); disp(' *** ')\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 3\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Elia lrq yxfqp ql bkqfzb qeb bkbjv. Cbfdk afploabo, xka zorpe efj.', ...\r\n 'Fc eb fp pbzrob xq xii mlfkqp, yb mobmxoba clo efj. Fc eb fp fk prmboflo pqobkdqe, bsxab efj.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(23);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him.', ...\r\n 'If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(100);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 4\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Ax qgmj ghhgfwfl ak gx uzgdwjau lwehwj, kwwc lg ajjalslw zae. Hjwlwfv lg tw owsc, lzsl zw esq yjgo sjjgysfl.', ...\r\n 'Ax zw ak lscafy zak wskw, yanw zae fg jwkl.', ...\r\n 'Ax zak xgjuwk sjw mfalwv, kwhsjslw lzwe.', ...\r\n 'Sllsuc zae ozwjw zw ak mfhjwhsjwv, shhwsj ozwjw qgm sjw fgl wphwulwv.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(18);\r\ns_correct.message = {'If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.', ...\r\n 'If he is taking his ease, give him no rest.', ...\r\n 'If his forces are united, separate them.', ...\r\n 'Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(100);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 5\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Aes cèwo vo foxd bémyvdo vo dowzy', ...\r\n 'Yx wo dbksdo no dbkîdbo aekxn to dbksdo no vk népksdo ne csvoxmo / Vo csvoxmo ocd n''yb, wksc t''ks mryscs vk mknoxmo', ... \r\n 'Mrkaeo wyd, mrkaeo zrbkco nsdc kfom owzrkco / Pksd no Mvkeno WM, vo mywwkxny no vk zrbkco', ...\r\n 'Mkb t''cesc ex WM n''kddkaeo, ckxc dsmc, kedroxdsaeo zkc ox dym / Zbêd à pbkzzob ceb vo lokd zyeb vo wyefowoxd rsz-ryz', ...\r\n 'Ne bkz n''kddkaeo aes pbkzzo, ézkdo, wkdbkaeo od zkdkdbkaeo / Zvec no ckxq de mvkaeoc, t''cesc WM noc Mkbzkdoc', ...\r\n 'Vo zénkqyqeo ox fyqeo ke xyw no myno Cyvkkb ye Mvkeno WM / Do zbyzyco n''émyedob moms / Ae''yx ézovvo voc fyiovvoc, nèc ae''yx cyxxo voc myxcyxxoc'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8([0 21]');\r\n% TIP: The original message was not English!\r\ns_correct.message(1, :) = {'Aes cèwo vo foxd bémyvdo vo dowzy', ... \r\n 'Yx wo dbksdo no dbkîdbo aekxn to dbksdo no vk népksdo ne csvoxmo / Vo csvoxmo ocd n''yb, wksc t''ks mryscs vk mknoxmo', ... \r\n 'Mrkaeo wyd, mrkaeo zrbkco nsdc kfom owzrkco / Pksd no Mvkeno WM, vo mywwkxny no vk zrbkco', ... \r\n 'Mkb t''cesc ex WM n''kddkaeo, ckxc dsmc, kedroxdsaeo zkc ox dym / Zbêd à pbkzzob ceb vo lokd zyeb vo wyefowoxd rsz-ryz', ... \r\n 'Ne bkz n''kddkaeo aes pbkzzo, ézkdo, wkdbkaeo od zkdkdbkaeo / Zvec no ckxq de mvkaeoc, t''cesc WM noc Mkbzkdoc', ... \r\n 'Vo zénkqyqeo ox fyqeo ke xyw no myno Cyvkkb ye Mvkeno WM / Do zbyzyco n''émyedob moms / Ae''yx ézovvo voc fyiovvoc, nèc ae''yx cyxxo voc myxcyxxoc'}\r\ns_correct.message(2, :) = {'Fjx hèbt at ktci gérdait at itbed', ... \r\n 'Dc bt igpxit st igpîigt fjpcs yt igpxit st ap séupxit sj hxatcrt / At hxatcrt thi s''dg, bpxh y''px rwdxhx ap rpstcrt', ... \r\n 'Rwpfjt bdi, rwpfjt ewgpht sxih pktr tbewpht / Upxi st Rapjst BR, at rdbbpcsd st ap ewgpht', ... \r\n 'Rpg y''hjxh jc BR s''piipfjt, hpch ixrh, pjiwtcixfjt eph tc idr / Egêi à ugpeetg hjg at qtpi edjg at bdjktbtci wxe-wde', ... \r\n 'Sj gpe s''piipfjt fjx ugpeet, éepit, bpigpfjt ti epipigpfjt / Eajh st hpcv ij rapfjth, y''hjxh BR sth Rpgepith', ... \r\n 'At eéspvdvjt tc kdvjt pj cdb st rdst Hdappg dj Rapjst BR / It egdedht s''érdjitg rtrx / Fj''dc éetaat ath kdntaath, sèh fj''dc hdcct ath rdchdccth'}\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(11);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 6\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Brvdujcnm mrbxamna yxbcdujcnb ynaonlc mrblryurwn; brvdujcnm onja yxbcdujcnb lxdajpn; brvdujcnm fnjtwnbb yxbcdujcnb bcanwpcq.' ...\r\n 'X mrerwn jac xo bdkcunch jwm bnlanlh!'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(9);\r\ns_correct.message = {'Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline; simulated fear postulates courage; simulated weakness postulates strength.' ...\r\n 'O divine art of subtlety and secrecy!'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(12);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 7\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Nv treefk vekvi zekf rcczretv nzky evzxysfizex gizetvj lekzc nv riv rthlrzekvu nzky kyvzi uvjzxej.', ... \r\n 'Nv riv efk wzk kf cvru re ridp fe kyv drity lecvjj nv riv wrdzczri nzky kyv wrtv fw kyv tflekip — zkj dflekrzej reu wfivjkj, zkj gzkwrccj reu givtzgztvj, zkj drijyvj reu jnrdgj.', ... \r\n 'Nv jyrcc sv lerscv kf klie erklirc rumrekrxvj kf rttflek lecvjj nv drbv ljv fw cftrc xlzuvj.'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(17);\r\ns_correct.message = {'We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with their designs.', ... \r\n 'We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country — its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices, its marshes and swamps.', ... \r\n 'We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides.'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(97);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 8\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Oa oqvvq''u cnycau dggp: \"Ctu itcvkc ctvku\".'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(2);\r\ns_correct.message = {'My motto''s always been: \"Ars gratia artis\".'};\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(73);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% Test 9\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Bestow rewards without regard 2 rule; issue orders without regard 2 previous arrangements', ...\r\n '\"Let advance bee richly rewarded \u0026 retreat bee heavily punished.\"', ...\r\n ' Qwertyuiop''asdfghjkl. Zxcvbnm-0123456789 = pass. ', ...\r\n 'αβγδ — persimon–apricot hybrid.', ...\r\n 'aIanasatbebydoheifinisitmemynoofonor''ssotoupweallandanyarebutcandidforgethadhasherhimhishowitsmaynewnotnown''toneouroutseeshethetwowaswaywhoyoualsobeenfromhaveintojustknowlikemoreonlysaidsomethanthatthemthentheythistimeverywellwerewhatwhenwillwithyouraboutcouldfirstothertheirtherethesewhichwouldpeopleshould'};\r\ns_correct.shift = uint8(0);\r\ns_correct.message = x;\r\ns_correct.certitude = uint8(0);\r\ns = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nassert( isequal(s.shift, s_correct.shift), 'Wrong shift.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.message, s_correct.message), 'Wrong message.' )\r\nassert( isequal(s.certitude, s_correct.certitude), 'Wrong certitude.' )\r\n\r\n\r\n%% TIMING \r\n% Note: The Time Trial section does not check accuracy; that is done above.\r\n\r\n% Acknowledgements \r\n% Portions of this timing test code were inspired by:\r\n% (1) Problem 937. \"Rubik's Mini Cube: Solve Randomized Cube in 11 Moves or Less; Score is by Time (msec)\" by Richard Zapor.\r\n% (2) Problem 2733. \"Evil Number\" by Jan Orwat.\r\n% (3) Feedback in comments from Peng Liu.\r\n% (4) Problem Problem 1237. \"It's race time! Write a faster function than the test suite call of unique().\" by Jeremy.\r\n\r\n% INITIALISE\r\nglobal bncWordlist\r\nx = {'Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.', 'Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.'};\r\nqSmall = 50;\r\nqBig = 1000;\r\n%cutoffTimeBig = 10; % Maximum allowable walltime (in seconds) to run function in a loop with qBig iterations.\r\n\r\n% EDIT (2018-06-17). Reduced time [slightly] to pose reasonable challenge.\r\n% Accounted for improving Cody server speed per Problem 44655.\r\ncutoffTimeBig = 8; % Maximum allowable walltime (in seconds) to run function in a loop with qBig iterations.\r\ntRef = datetime('2018-06-17', 'InputFormat','yyyy-MM-dd');\r\ntNow = datetime('now');\r\nyearsElapsed = (datenum(tNow) - datenum(tRef)) / 365.24;\r\ndisp(' . ');\r\nfprintf('\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\nSubmission evaluated for speed on %s.\\r\\n', datestr(tNow, 'dd mmmm yyyy'))\r\nrInf = 0.2; delta = cutoffTimeBig - rInf; tau = 3.6; % Data from Problem 44655, based on Problem 963.\r\nqBig = ceil( qBig * (cutoffTimeBig - rInf) * exp(yearsElapsed/tau) / delta );\r\nfprintf('\\r\\n\\r\\n\\r\\nTo account for computational power increases over time, number of iterations increased to %u.\\r\\n', qBig)\r\n% END EDIT (2018-06-17)\r\n\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING WITH timeit ***\r\nfDecode = @() decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\ndt_timeit = timeit( fDecode );\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\nfprintf('APPROXIMATE time to decode %u message batches ~ %2.2f seconds, according to ''timeit''.\\n\\r', qBig, dt_timeit * qBig)\r\n\r\n% *** PRELIMINARY TIMING WITH SHORT LOOP ***\r\n% In case the submitted function has a lot of text output, \r\n% get an estimate based on just a few iterations\r\n% Initialise\r\nt0 = clock;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qSmall\r\n solution = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0);\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\n%fprintf('Your wall time to decode %u message batches = %i seconds.\\n\\r', qSmall, floor(dt))\r\nfprintf('APPROXIMATE wall time to decode %u message batches ~ %2.2f seconds, by extrapolating from %u batches.\\n\\r', qBig, dt * qBig / qSmall, qSmall)\r\n\r\n% *** 'OFFICIAL' TIMING ***\r\n% Re-initialise timer\r\nt0 = clock;\r\nt0_cpu = cputime;\r\n\r\n% Loop\r\nfor i = 1 : qBig\r\n % EDIT (2018-06-17). Ensure each case is unique.\r\n characters = [' , .' char(randi([97,122], [1,23]))];\r\n x{2} = characters( randperm(30) );\r\n % END EDIT (2018-06-17)\r\n solution = decode(x, bncWordlist);\r\nend;\r\n\r\n% Compute and display elapsed time.\r\ndt = etime(clock, t0);\r\nfor dummy = 1 : 10, disp(' . '); end;\r\nfprintf('Your wall time to decode %u message batches = %2.2f seconds.\\n\\r', qBig, dt)\r\n\r\ndt_cpu = (cputime - t0_cpu);\r\nfprintf(' ( Your CPU time for this = %2.2f seconds. ) \\n\\r', dt_cpu)\r\n\r\n% Display (default) Cody size-based score.\r\nall_nodes = mtree('decode.m', '-file');\r\nsize_score = count(all_nodes);\r\nfprintf('Your Cody-standard size-based score = %i.\\n\\r', size_score)\r\n\r\n% Report revised performance score\r\ncombinedScore = size_score + round(dt * 10);\r\nfprintf('Your combined score = %i.\\n\\r', combinedScore)\r\ndisp(' -----=====|||||=====----- ')\r\n\r\n% Now disallow any candidate solutions that are TOO SLOW!\r\nif dt \u003e cutoffTimeBig, \r\n fprintf('Sorry, your submission is TOO SLOW. It must be able to finish within %u seconds.\\n\\r', cutoffTimeBig)\r\nend;\r\n\r\nassert( dt \u003c= cutoffTimeBig, 'Exceeded time limit specified in Test Suite.' )","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":16,"created_by":64439,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":13,"test_suite_updated_at":"2019-07-02T13:23:18.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":true,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2017-10-12T23:17:24.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-02T20:05:58.000Z","published_at":"2017-10-15T06:52:40.000Z","restored_at":"2017-10-25T07:03:11.000Z","restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":true,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been tasked with decoding several batches of coded messages that have been intercepted.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBased on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were all encoded using a simple\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCaesar cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (a type of\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003esubstitution cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e), an example of which is the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eROT13 cipher\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (discussed in\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Challenge Problem 78\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation, numbers, accented letters) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and will vary\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ebetween\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (not within) batches — also, here you need to decode, not encode.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThese latest activities that you are investigating have been nicknamed 'Operation Xiangliu' by your own organisation. A few decoding options are at your organisation's disposal:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTest the candidate decodings against all words in a large dictionary — this could work, but it is very slow.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTest the candidate decodings for the appearance of a name or phrase that is certain to appear regularly (e.g.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Operation Phoenix\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) — unfortunately as yet there is not enough knowledge of the activities to be sure of a suitable name or phrase to use.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"ListParagraph\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:numPr\u003e\u003cw:numId w:val=\\\"2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:numPr\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTest the candidate decodings against all words in a short list comprising, say, the hundred most frequently used English words.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ethird option\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e will be faster than the first option, and more reliable than the second option, so this is the approach you will be taking.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been careful to avoid using 'lemmatised' lists (which contain e.g. the verb \\\"to be\\\", rather than the various inflected forms such as \\\"am\\\", \\\"is\\\", \\\"are\\\") like those based on the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://web.archive.org/web/20111226085859/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/the-oec-facts-about-the-language\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOEC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e or\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.wordfrequency.info/free.asp?s=y\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCOCA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, and after setting aside\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://world-english.org/english500.htm\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eanother list\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e you finally choose the\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/bncfreq/samples/120.pdf\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003elist based on the BNC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e as the most reliable, and will use the first 100 words on that list. This list will be available for you to access as an input variable,\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ebncWordlist\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, to your function. Note: (i) some entries on the list are morphemes (e.g. \\\" n't \\\" and \\\" 's \\\") rather than words; (ii) some entries appear more than once (representing different grammatical word classes). Of course, in the original messages any capitalisation might be used.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYou have been instructed that your 'certitude' (degree of confidence) in the decoding must be reported for each batch, and shall depend proportionally upon the sum of the characters for the words/morphemes in the decoded message that match words/morphemes in\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ebncWordlist\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Being able to match words/morphemes accounting for three-tenths of the characters (excluding spaces) shall correspond to 100% certitude; matching three-twentieths would be 50% certitude, and so on. Certitude shall be reported as a percentage, rounded\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eup\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e to the nearest integer, not greater than 100. You need to maximise your certitude for each batch by appropriate choice of the shifting parameter. If there are multiple shifts of equal certitude, report both options on different rows (arranged in order of ascending shift parameter).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eYour task is to crack the codes and report back in a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003estructure array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003euint8\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e] (usually scalar, but may be column vector); (2) the decoded messages [as a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/cell.html?s_tid=doc_ta\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecell array\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (containing\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003echaracter arrays\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e)] (usually an array with a single row, but occasionally with multiple rows); (3) your 'certitude' in the decoding [as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003euint8\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e] (always scalar). The name of the structure array shall be\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003es\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, with respective fields\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eshift\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e,\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003emessage\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecertitude\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEXAMPLE 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSuppose the batch contained two encoded messages —\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Vomftt qvstvfe, pqfo op eppst.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Ffmt dbo ljmm, opu pomz xpvoe.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (provided as character arrays within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. Thus the original messages would have been: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Unless pursued, open no doors.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Eels can kill, not only wound.\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e . Twelve of the 51 characters have been matched: \\\"no\\\", \\\"can\\\", \\\"not\\\", and \\\"only\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe correct answer would therefore comprise:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(1) \\ns.message = {'Unless pursued, open no doors.', 'Eels can kill, not only wound.'}\\ns.certitude = uint8(79)]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEXAMPLE 2\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSuppose the batch contained one encoded message —\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"Oa oqvvq'u cnycau dggp: \\\"Ctu itcvkc ctvku\\\".\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (provided as a character array within a cell array) — and a (right-shifting) ROT2 cipher had been applied. In that case A→C, B→D, ..., Y→A, and Z→B; similarly, a→c, b→d, ..., y→a, and z→b. Thus the original message would have been: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\"My motto's always been: \\\"Ars gratia artis\\\".\\\"\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e . Eight of the 37 characters have been matched: \\\"My\\\", \\\" 's \\\", and \\\"been\\\". Note carefully that: \\\" 's \\\" should only be matched once; \\\"to\\\" (in motto), \\\"be\\\" (in been), \\\"at\\\" (in gratia), \\\"is\\\" (in artis) and \\\"a\\\" (passim) should\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:i/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003enot\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e be matched at all; and \\\" ' \\\" will only ever be used as an apostrophe (never as a quotation mark).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe correct answer would therefore comprise:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(2) \\ns.message = {'My motto''s always been: \\\"Ars gratia artis\\\".'}\\ns.certitude = uint8(73)]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIf the batch of messages cannot be decoded when following the above assumptions, then return the original encoded message(s) unchanged, with a shift of zero and a certitude of zero.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eNote: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand. (Try resubmitting on another day if your code runs slowly, in case it is caused by a server issue.)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTo provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \\\"too slow\\\".\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e----------\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePrevious problem: \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOperation Orthos\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Next problem: TBA.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":45212,"title":"AES MixColumns() Transformation","description":"Given a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm MixColumns() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\r\n\r\nRefer to this link: \u003chttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003e\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n stateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\n stateO=['36';'6a';'08';'2c';'4a';'1b';'d9';'63';'02';'9c';'37';'67';'c6';'00';'35';'f8'];","description_html":"\u003cp\u003eGiven a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm MixColumns() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefer to this link: \u003ca href = \"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\"\u003ehttps://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor example:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cpre class=\"language-matlab\"\u003estateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\nstateO=['36';'6a';'08';'2c';'4a';'1b';'d9';'63';'02';'9c';'37';'67';'c6';'00';'35';'f8'];\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e","function_template":"function stateO = MixColumns(stateI)\r\n stateO = stateI;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nstateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\r\nstateO=['36';'6a';'08';'2c';'4a';'1b';'d9';'63';'02';'9c';'37';'67';'c6';'00';'35';'f8'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['11';'07';'d8';'19';'d0';'5d';'b2';'07';'59';'bf';'5c';'c4';'11';'bf';'6f';'a2']; \r\nstateO=['ea'\r\n '75'\r\n '96'\r\n 'de'\r\n 'e9'\r\n 'a0'\r\n 'fb'\r\n '8a'\r\n 'f0'\r\n '1c'\r\n '09'\r\n '9b'\r\n '35'\r\n '67'\r\n '8d'\r\n 'bc'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['82';'c5';'61';'d4';'70';'4c';'37';'c5';'cb';'08';'4a';'1c';'82';'08';'a8';'3a']; \r\nstateO=['fe'\r\n '64'\r\n 'e2'\r\n '8a'\r\n 'c6'\r\n '74'\r\n '06'\r\n '7a'\r\n 'c3'\r\n '19'\r\n '73'\r\n '3c'\r\n '95'\r\n '4b'\r\n '8f'\r\n '49'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['13';'a6';'ef';'48';'51';'29';'9a';'a6';'1f';'30';'d6';'9c';'13';'30';'c2';'80']; \r\nstateO=['70'\r\n '26'\r\n 'a8'\r\n 'ec'\r\n 'e5'\r\n '10'\r\n 'a6'\r\n '17'\r\n '24'\r\n '82'\r\n '27'\r\n 'e4'\r\n '34'\r\n 'ae'\r\n '27'\r\n 'dc'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['70'\r\n '26'\r\n 'a8'\r\n 'ec'\r\n 'e5'\r\n '10'\r\n 'a6'\r\n '17'\r\n '24'\r\n '82'\r\n '27'\r\n 'e4'\r\n '34'\r\n 'ae'\r\n '27'\r\n 'dc'];\r\nstateO=['ce'\r\n '33'\r\n '32'\r\n 'dd'\r\n '50'\r\n '23'\r\n '9b'\r\n 'ac'\r\n '16'\r\n 'b6'\r\n 'df'\r\n '1a'\r\n '7a'\r\n 'c6'\r\n 'ab'\r\n '76'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))\r\n%%\r\nstateI=['ce'\r\n '33'\r\n '32'\r\n 'dd'\r\n '50'\r\n '23'\r\n '9b'\r\n 'ac'\r\n '16'\r\n 'b6'\r\n 'df'\r\n '1a'\r\n '7a'\r\n 'c6'\r\n 'ab'\r\n '76'];\r\nstateO=['3d'\r\n '23'\r\n 'e5'\r\n 'e9'\r\n 'f2'\r\n '0c'\r\n 'b1'\r\n '0b'\r\n '28'\r\n '01'\r\n '2b'\r\n '67'\r\n '78'\r\n '7d'\r\n '6b'\r\n '0f'];\r\nassert(isequal(MixColumns(stateI),stateO))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":3,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-11-21T18:10:13.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-11T16:05:08.000Z","published_at":"2019-11-21T18:19:12.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\"},{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/output\",\"targetMode\":\"\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId2\",\"target\":\"/matlab/output.xml\"}],\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationship\":[],\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\\n\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven a 16x2 input character hexadecimal array representing the AES state, execute the AES algorithm MixColumns() transformation and output a 16x2 character hexadecimal array.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eRefer to this link:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026lt;https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/197/final/documents/fips-197.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[stateI=['e3';'38';'2d';'8e';'60';'8d';'3e';'38';'15';'f4';'a7';'88';'e3';'f4';'06';'1a'];\\nstateO=['36';'6a';'08';'2c';'4a';'1b';'d9';'63';'02';'9c';'37';'67';'c6';'00';'35';'f8'];]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\"},{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/output.xml\",\"contentType\":\"text/xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\" standalone=\\\"no\\\" ?\u003e\u003cembeddedOutputs\u003e\u003cmetaData\u003e\u003cevaluationState\u003emanual\u003c/evaluationState\u003e\u003clayoutState\u003ecode\u003c/layoutState\u003e\u003coutputStatus\u003eready\u003c/outputStatus\u003e\u003c/metaData\u003e\u003coutputArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003cregionArray type=\\\"array\\\"/\u003e\u003c/embeddedOutputs\u003e\"}]}"},{"id":44924,"title":"Create State Array for initiating SHA-3-224 Hash","description":"Create binary represented state array (as the initial input to the sponge function (f)) from any length character array (N) with width (b=1600), digest length (d=224) and lane size (w=64) using SHA-3 Standard:\r\n\r\n\u003c\u003chttps://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.202.pdf\u003e\u003e. \r\n\r\nConvert character array to binary representation using UTF-8 value of each character. Output state array will be a matrix with size (5,5,64). Padding in accordance with the standard is required. XOR of the rate bits (r) with the padded message stream is required.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 165px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 82.5px; transform-origin: 407px 82.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCreate binary represented state array (as the initial input to the sponge function (f)) from any length character array (N) with width (b=1600), digest length (d=224) and lane size (w=64) using SHA-3 Standard:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ehttps://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.202.pdf \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eConvert character array to binary representation using UTF-8 value of each character. Output state array will be a matrix with size (5,5,64). Padding in accordance with the standard is required. XOR of the rate bits (r) with the padded message stream is required (see figure 7, page 18). Just the first 1600 bit input to the first function (f) represented as a state array (see section 3.1.2) is required for the output.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function A = SHA3(N)\r\n A=zeros(5,5,64);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nN = '';\r\nA='0110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000';\r\nassert(isequal(SHA3(N),reshape(reshape(A-48,[64,25])',[5,5,64])))\r\n%%\r\nN = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';\r\nA='1110000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000101000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000001010000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101000000000000000000000010100000000000000000000001110000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011000000000000000000000001100000000000000010000000';\r\nassert(isequal(SHA3(N),reshape(A-48,[5,5,64])))\r\n%%\r\nN = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nA='1100100110010011000000000000101010010010011000000011001110100011111100000000101010011011101000000000010111111111000011000000001110110011000101100000000010000111010110100000000110100001010011100000000010110101100011100000000000001001001000100100000000000011001001111001000000010011000011100001100000000011000001100100110000000111110000100001110000000011001001100101110100000001101001100100111100000000000011110101110010000000010001110001110111100000001111110101011011110000000111100100111000111000000011111000110111111000000001110110110001111010000000110111111000111011000000010101110010111011000000000111110110001010100000000000111100011000001000000001111000001000001100000000110010011000111100000000110100011010011101000000010011111001011100000000000010011010001100100000000100111001011101101000000011101001101110101100000000101001011101101010000000011000010100000110000000011011111101101110100000001001010100111110010000000000111110010010101000000000000101001110010000000001100100001110001010000000011100000110010011000000011100001111100101000000000100010010000111000000000101001111100011011000000000100110011111100100000000100110001011000010000000001110101011100010000000001101010111001101100000000111010011011001100000000110010111001001111000000010110111101100110100000001010011101001100000000000011011001011101010000000010111011000101111000000001111001110101101010000000111011111100110110000000011010011100110110000000001010011100001010000000000001001100000011100000000011001110000010110000000000011100010110001010000000001100001110000111000000000100111111000111100000001100100111000001000000000';\r\nassert(isequal(SHA3(N),reshape(A-48,[5,5,64])))\r\n%%\r\nN = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods. Third, adjust all your means to that end.';\r\nA='1100010111000111000000000011011110001111011000000000101010111111011000000000111110110101011010000000110110001011111001000000010110000011001101100000000111000111001110110000000110000111000101110000000010100011010001100100000000001111100001100000000000110011001011101010000000000101011001100101100000000111001101110100010000000101010100110101110000000011101001100100010100000001000010100001110100000000101000101110010110000000000000100100111110000000000001100101110010010000000101100000010000101000000001110001011101011000000001100000010110101010000000100000110001001001000000010100110000111000100000000000110100101100010000000001110110001110001000000011010011011010011100000001011111011000101100000000110001101000011100000000010100111010010110100000001011111011001100000000000000011000101101100000000010011000001100101100000000001010001101000110000000011001101100101111000000001001101101010110000000001000011000101110100000000000001110101110011000000011011100001111111100000001001101001111010000000000001100011110011111000000001100011110011111000000000100100110000111010000000100001111011111101000000000011110000111001100000000111110011111010000000000001110011111111100000000001110110011000100100000000111010111010001100000000110000111000111100000000010110011000001100000000000010101001000101000000000110011001011110000000000001011000011100100100000000011010111100001100000000011011110101011111000000011011011111001110000000001000001100100110110000000011000100011111010000000000010111010110100000000000011100101110000110000000011110110110010111000000011101001111010111000000001100000111010001010000000';\r\nassert(isequal(SHA3(N),reshape(A-48,[5,5,64])))\r\n\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":3,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":3,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-06-18T00:59:47.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-16T14:21:12.000Z","published_at":"2019-08-28T19:00:57.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCreate binary represented state array (as the initial input to the sponge function (f)) from any length character array (N) with width (b=1600), digest length (d=224) and lane size (w=64) using SHA-3 Standard:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ehttps://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.202.pdf \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eConvert character array to binary representation using UTF-8 value of each character. Output state array will be a matrix with size (5,5,64). Padding in accordance with the standard is required. XOR of the rate bits (r) with the padded message stream is required (see figure 7, page 18). Just the first 1600 bit input to the first function (f) represented as a state array (see section 3.1.2) is required for the output.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":44965,"title":"Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding decoding of message for RSA Cryptography","description":"EME-OAEP decoding by reversing the Feistel network using previously determined mask generation function (MGF1) and SHA-1 hashing. A matrix of octets is provided as the input (EM) which is the output of EME-OAEP encoding (see problem 44964/below link 7.1.2 page 21). The label (L) is not provided or checked against the encoded label. No error checks should be conducted. Output should be the character string represented by the octets.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n EM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,...\r\n87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,...\r\n35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,...\r\n217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,...\r\n148,12,50,108,248,32,94];%input\r\n M = 'I like to swim.';%output\r\n\r\n\u003chttps://www.emc.com/collateral/white-papers/h11300-pkcs-1v2-2-rsa-cryptography-standard-wp.pdf\u003e","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 275px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 137.5px; transform-origin: 407px 137.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEME-OAEP decoding by reversing the Feistel network using previously determined mask generation function (MGF1) and SHA-1 hashing. A matrix of octets is provided as the input (EM) which is the output of EME-OAEP encoding (see problem 44964/below link, section 9.1.1.2). The label (L) is not provided or checked against the encoded label. No error checks should be conducted. Output should be the character string represented by the octets.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eFor example:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); block-size: 120px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; margin-block-end: 10px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-inline-end: 3px; margin-inline-start: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 404px 60px; transform-origin: 404px 60px; margin-left: 3px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 3px; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-block-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-end-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-inline-start-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-left-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-right-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); border-top-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); caret-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); color: rgb(14, 0, 255); column-rule-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(14, 0, 255); \"\u003e...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e148,12,50,108,248,32,94];\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%input\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); block-size: 20px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-inline-end-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-end-style: solid; border-inline-end-width: 1px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-inline-start-style: solid; border-inline-start-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-block-size: 18px; min-height: 18px; padding-inline-start: 4px; padding-left: 4px; perspective-origin: 404px 10px; transform-origin: 404px 10px; white-space: nowrap; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; border-inline-end-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-end-style: none; border-inline-end-width: 0px; border-inline-start-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-inline-start-style: none; border-inline-start-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; margin-inline-end: 45px; margin-right: 45px; min-block-size: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; tab-size: 4; transform-origin: 0px 0px; white-space: pre; margin-right: 45px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003eM = \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-block-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-end-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-inline-start-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-left-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-right-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); border-top-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); caret-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); color: rgb(170, 4, 249); column-rule-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(170, 4, 249); \"\u003e'I like to swim.'\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; \"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"border-block-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-block-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-bottom-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-end-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-inline-start-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-left-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-right-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); border-top-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); caret-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); color: rgb(2, 128, 9); column-rule-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-right: 0px; outline-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); text-decoration: none; text-decoration-color: rgb(2, 128, 9); \"\u003e%output\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function M = EMEOAEPdecoding(EM)\r\n M = 'I like to swim.';\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nEM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,148,12,50,108,248,32,94];\r\nM = 'I like to swim.';\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPdecoding(EM),M))\r\n%%\r\nEM = [0 145 194 62 62 111 86 188 50 37 165 231 16 42 25 79 223 177 117 187 135 200 203 136 184 133 38 175 66 35 142 212 144 116 66 37 151 8 190 218 29 238 213 11 189 225 88 83 218 175 183 98 58 237 89 80 123 64 40 154 137 44 13 186 97 133 92 11 228 32 100 188 61 37 150 198 178 73 252 17 133 233 68 13 39 99 3 239 108 106 202 227 127 142 79 34 126 244 41 92 240 8 127 153 251 25 82 79 247 92 187 51 84 38 104 240 52 209 144 160 144 119 131 67 128 116 98 132 51 79 8 114 69 202 80 243 194 61 17 33 225 232 173 5 153 230 32 155 34 62 72 2 211 212 227 5 115 217 33 189 21 170 51 190 217 119 148 73 209 109 114 90 104 237 168 60 144 120 191 7 186 8 205 111 192 249 192 197 34 225 209 153 234 5 27 165 82 42 132 167 158 64 218 239 71 49 166 27 37 9 154 2 255 193 72 75 7 121 121 240 74 116 185 58 79 106 68 14 17 49 68 96 160 2 75 15 122 144 36 47 230 112 39 221 21 141 251 178 10 215 180 230 184 189 112 108 187 83 94 157 69 140 201 40 158 119 28 159 116 196 206 112 91 141 68 122 113 183 92 111 44 149 187 223 179 157 29 79 180 231 38 122 231 82 98 42 69 14 162 53];\r\nM = 'People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a self-fulfilling prophecy.';\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPdecoding(EM),M))\r\n%%\r\nEM = [0 85 82 177 212 151 6 148 36 245 178 209 163 30 35 103 231 155 104 206 51 230 201 47 178 114 199 15 172 217 175 58 48 240 133 0 186 218 10 200 31 238 213 10 237 132 55 35 182 202 151 21 82 130 121 35 14 35 75 255 236 72 45 210 0 243 57 43 137 79 9 217 83 81 227 171 156 105 168 121 224 201 41 98 85 6 35 155 4 15 179 195 12 251 44 65 27 145 77 112 208 124 23 252 219 116 61 61 146 124 207 91 49 95 72 135 85 191 228 128 228 24 163 48 245 23 1 225 86 43 40 19 43 174 112 135 170 88 49 76 142 154 200 37 237 142 69 226 2 88 33 108 183 244 130 37 4 184 88 157 97 197 19 205 172 20 247 44 180 9 92 122 59 132 197 85 252 25 205 107 195 36 237 24 168 156 174 229 81 142 188 252 133 107 126 133 59 89 164 193 255 41 182 134 41 86 138 59 81 97 255 34 139 164 38 47 98 23 26 137 106 29 202 26 59 5 100 105 116 69 100 15 206 34 42 47 30 255 83 65 145 17 85 185 53 254 139 219 120 182 216 198 204 213 17 24 155 48 63 243 101 233 191 77 240 87 126 250 23 171 163 21 123 236 100 9 20 219 58 66 74 224 215 185 218 241 113 38 218 128 6 10 149 61 18 66 32 109 219 27 107 176 90 163 116 99 71 16 108 89 192 253 121 121 76 157 101 157 217 51 53 248 195 95 93 183 71 29 199 2 182 31 120 35 167 44 189 160 2 154 234 162 113 204 18 138 81 155 86 122 147 44 23 181 90 135 49 235 41 194 82 181 31 45 131 78 127 198 121 132 49 6 186 66 157 159 79 110 184 152 83 107 73 61 22 86 160 156 200 177 64 217 32 251 102 4 165 143 254 215 165 224 110 76 57 69 13 198 180 106 236 11 39 238 0 220 63 109 239 190 19 85 92 23 28 183 233 72 88 193 8 101 127 214 171 7 94 156 148 220 40 84 44 149 7 245 165 150 197 27 93 255 146 15 132 133 174 208 4 156 246 12 37 50 78 85 95 212 198 41 22 138 214 135 145 197 137 114 172 128 48 126 202 198 0 35 15 37 127 1 34 44 164 46 131 12 87 254 9 210 140 50 85 180 173 121 24 14 192 237 75 224 91 242 205 155 8 136 51 38 161 6 129 234 36 1 56 251 11 6 73 36 74 230 95 174 47 94 53 106 142 71 123 88 32 41 7 108 41 101 40 120 254 196 47 251 83 224 181 114 255 127 56 6 182 182 153 244 162 214 115 183 162 69 47 174 112 68 89 110 180 43 47 159 195 123 73 230 230 186 204 129 110 234 218 152 57 154 232 91 68 237 204 222 179 175 192 249 1 128 5 180 93 29 14 97 175 138 175 221 223 219 62 93 142 51 123 194 90 6 215 32 181 60 48 92 100 114 28 164 71 110 244 129 190 125 27 156 223 133 7 128 55 127 93 3 21 66 38 184 50 52 6 164 175 17 255 103 42 28 126 66 19 149 66 6 234 170 194 104 85 42 166 171 117 101 33 74 35 181 46 242 102 192 226 183 132 223 154 97 142 119 107 6 98 93 129 255 247 144 159 12 245 161 179 28 1 228 24 38 147 55 148 10 247 224 154 201 241 32 53 23 219 52 0 124 35 47 36 89 180 68 57 183 240 94 235 86 152 105 26 113 72 38 83 194 138 16 45 187 50 207 192 151 54 80 108 139 211 116 186 176 20 250 32 117 237 241 239 224 147 110 22 190 71 59 47 97 8 144 236 102 8 216 238 225 40 212 181 238 106 223 38 121 175 55 54 194 114 234 213 89 36 150 177 249 96 235 51 12 205 84 247 160 76];\r\nM = 'First, have a definite, clear practical ideal; a goal, an objective. Second, have the necessary means to achieve your ends; wisdom, money, materials, and methods.';\r\nassert(isequal(EMEOAEPdecoding(EM),M))\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":0,"created_by":145982,"edited_by":null,"edited_at":null,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2019-09-07T01:49:31.000Z","updated_at":"2025-10-15T13:23:25.000Z","published_at":"2019-09-07T01:56:46.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEME-OAEP decoding by reversing the Feistel network using previously determined mask generation function (MGF1) and SHA-1 hashing. A matrix of octets is provided as the input (EM) which is the output of EME-OAEP encoding (see problem 44964/below link, section 9.1.1.2). The label (L) is not provided or checked against the encoded label. No error checks should be conducted. Output should be the character string represented by the octets.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFor example:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"code\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c![CDATA[EM = [0,167,202,74,98,63,234,235,44,82,53,39,70,214,204,79,45,80,35,147,55,32,35,39,45,...\\n87,180,129,63,219,223,165,72,19,131,160,131,131,107,231,157,238,213,10,237,132,55,...\\n35,182,202,151,21,82,130,121,35,14,35,75,255,236,72,45,210,0,243,57,43,137,79,9,...\\n217,83,81,227,171,156,105,168,121,224,201,41,98,84,79,3,247,109,100,214,227,120,...\\n148,12,50,108,248,32,94];%input\\nM = 'I like to swim.';%output]]\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSee: https://www.foo.be/docs/opensst/ref/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1d1.pdf\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"}],"term":"tag:\"cryptography\"","current_player_id":null,"fields":[{"name":"page","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":1,"directive":null,"facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":null,"static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"per_page","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":50,"directive":null,"facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":null,"static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"sort","type":"string","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":null,"facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":null,"static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"body","type":"text","callback":null,"default":"*:*","directive":null,"facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":false},{"name":"group","type":"string","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"group","facet":true,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"difficulty_rating_bin","type":"string","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"difficulty_rating_bin","facet":true,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"id","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"id","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"tag","type":"string","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"tag","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"product","type":"string","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"product","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"created_at","type":"timeframe","callback":{},"default":null,"directive":"created_at","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"profile_id","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"author_id","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"created_by","type":"string","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"author","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"player_id","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"solver_id","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"player","type":"string","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"solver","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"solvers_count","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"solvers_count","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"comments_count","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"comments_count","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"likes_count","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"likes_count","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"leader_id","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"leader_id","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true},{"name":"leading_solution","type":"integer","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":"leading_solution","facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"term","static":null,"prepend":true}],"filters":[{"name":"asset_type","type":"string","callback":null,"default":null,"directive":null,"facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":null,"static":"\"cody:problem\"","prepend":true},{"name":"profile_id","type":"integer","callback":{},"default":null,"directive":null,"facet":null,"facet_method":"and","operator":null,"param":"author_id","static":null,"prepend":true}],"query":{"params":{"per_page":50,"term":"tag:\"cryptography\"","current_player":null,"sort":"map(difficulty_value,0,0,999) 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