## Key Features

• Next Generation Sequencing analysis and browser
• Sequence analysis and visualization, including pairwise and multiple sequence alignment and peak detection
• Microarray data analysis, including reading, filtering, normalizing, and visualization
• Mass spectrometry analysis, including preprocessing, classification, and marker identification
• Phylogenetic tree analysis
• Graph theory functions, including interaction maps, hierarchy plots, and pathways
• Data import from genomic, proteomic, and gene expression files, including SAM, FASTA, CEL, and CDF, and from databases such as NCBI and GenBank
NGS browser (top), circular DNA map (bottom), and secondary structure of RNA sequence (left). Bioinformatics Toolbox includes the NGS Browser app for visualizing sequence data.

## Next Generation Sequencing Analysis

Bioinformatics Toolbox provides algorithms and visualization techniques for Next Generation Sequencing analysis. The toolbox enables you to analyze whole genomes while performing calculations at a base pair level of resolution. You can use the NGS browser to visualize and investigate short-read alignments using either single-end or paired-end short reads. You can also build custom analysis routines, as shown in the following examples.

Perform a genome-wide analysis of a transcription factor in the Arabidopsis Thaliana (Thale Cress) model organism.
Load RNA-seq data and tests for differential expression using a statistical model.

### Visualizing and Investigating Short-Read Alignment

Using the NGS browser, you can verify and investigate the alignment of short-read sequences in support of analyses that measure genetic variation and gene expression. The NGS browser lets you:

• Visualize short-read data aligned to a nucleotide reference sequence
• Compare multiple data sets aligned against a common reference sequence
• View coverage of different bases and regions of the reference sequence
• Investigate quality and other details of aligned reads
• Identify mismatches due to base-calling errors or polymorphisms
• Visualize insertions and deletions
• Retrieve feature annotations relative to a specific region of the reference sequence

Explore gallery (2 images)

### Storing and Managing Short-Read Sequence Data

The data sets used in Next Generation Sequencing analysis are often too large to fit into physical memory. Bioinformatics Toolbox provides specialized data containers that enable you to analyze entire genomes.

The BioIndexedFile object lets you access the contents of text files containing nonuniform-sized entries such as sequences, annotations, and cross references to the data set. You can generate these objects from tables, flat files, or application-specific formats such as SAM, FASTA, and FASTQ.

The BioMap class stores information from short-read sequences, including sequence headers, read sequences, quality scores, and data about alignment and mapping to a single reference sequence. You can use object properties and methods to explore, access, filter, and manipulate the data contained in a BioMap object.

## Microarray Data Analysis and Visualization

Bioinformatics Toolbox enables you to analyze and comprehend raw microarray data.

### Microarray Normalization

You can use several methods for normalizing microarray data, including lowess, global mean, median absolute deviation (MAD), and quantile normalization. You can apply these methods to the entire microarray chip or to specific regions or blocks. Filtering and imputation functions let you clean raw data before running analysis and visualization routines.

### Data Analysis and Visualization

Bioinformatics Toolbox lets you perform background adjustments and calculate gene (probe set) expression values from Affymetrix® microarray probe-level data using Robust Multi-Array Average (RMA) and GC Robust Multi-Array Average (GCRMA) procedures. You can apply circular binary segmentation to array CGH data and estimate the false discovery rate of multiple hypotheses testing of gene expression data from a microarray experiment. You can also perform rank-invariant set normalization on either probe intensities for multiple Affymetrix CEL files or gene expression values from two different experimental conditions.

Specialized routines for visualizing microarray data include volcano plots, box plots, loglog plots, I-R plots, and spatial heat maps of the microarray. You can also visualize ideograms with G-banding patterns.

Using routines from Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, you can classify your results, perform hierarchical and K-means clustering, and represent your microarray data in statistical visualizations, such as 2D clustergrams with optimal leaf ordering, heat maps, principle component plots, and classification trees.

Explore gallery (2 images)

## Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis

Bioinformatics Toolbox provides a set of functions for mass spectrometry data analysis. These functions enable preprocessing, classification, and marker identification from SELDI, MALDI, LC/MS, and GC/MS data. Preprocessing functions include baseline correction, smoothing, calibration, and resampling. You can align raw spectra data using the M/Z axis and perform retention-time alignment on LC/MS and GC/MS data. You can plot multiple spectra simultaneously.

You can smooth, align, and normalize spectra and then use classification and statistical learning tools to create classifiers and identify potential biomarkers.

See classification of mass spectrometry data and statistical tools that can be used to look for potential disease markers and proteomic pattern diagnostics.

Label-free differential proteomics and metabolomics analysis using Bioinformatics Toolbox.

## Graph Theory, Statistical Learning, and Gene Ontology

### Graph Theory and Visualization

Bioinformatics Toolbox enables you to apply basic graph theory to sparse matrices. You can create, view, and manipulate graphs such as interaction maps, hierarchy plots, and pathways. You can determine and view shortest paths in graphs, test for cycles in directed graphs, and find isomorphism between two graphs.

### Statistical Learning and Visualization

Bioinformatics Toolbox provides functions that build on the classification and statistical learning algorithms in Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, including:

• Support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor classifiers
• Functions for setting up cross-validation experiments and measuring the performance of different classification methods
• Interactive tools for feature selection, mapping, and displaying hierarchy plots and pathways

### Gene Ontology

Bioinformatics Toolbox enables you to access the Gene Ontology database from within MATLAB®, parse gene ontology annotated files, and obtain subsets of the ontology such as ancestors, descendants, or relatives.

## Sequence Analysis

Bioinformatics Toolbox provides sequence analysis and visualization tools for genomic and proteomic sequence data. You can perform a variety of analyses, including multiple sequence alignments and the building and interactive viewing and manipulation of phylogenetic trees.

### Sequence Alignment

The toolbox provides functions, objects, and methods for sequence analysis, including pairwise sequence, sequence profile, and multiple sequence alignment. These include:

• MATLAB implementations of standard algorithms for local and global sequence alignment, such as the Needleman-Wunsch, Smith-Waterman, and profile-hidden Markov model algorithms
• Progressive multiple sequence alignment
• Graphical representations of alignment results matrices
• Standard scoring matrices, such as the PAM and BLOSUM matrix families
• Consensus sequence calculation and sequence logo display

### Sequence Utilities and Statistics

The toolbox lets you manipulate and analyze your sequences to gain a deeper understanding of your data. You can:

• Convert DNA or RNA sequences to amino acid sequences using the genetic code
• Perform statistical analysis on the sequences and search for specific patterns within a sequence
• Apply restriction enzymes and proteases to perform in-silico digestion of sequences or create random sequences for test cases
• Predict minimum free energy secondary structure of RNA sequences

### Sequence Visualization

The toolbox enables you to visualize sequences and alignments. You can view linear or circular maps of sequences annotated with GenBank features. You can visualize secondary structure diagrams of an RNA sequence. Interactive viewers let you explore and modify pairwise and multiple sequence alignments.

### Phylogenetic Tree Analysis

The toolbox enables you to create and edit phylogenetic trees. You can calculate pairwise distances between aligned or unaligned nucleotide or amino acid sequences using a broad range of similarity metrics such as Jukes-Cantor, p-distance, alignment-score, or a user-defined distance method. Phylogenetic trees are constructed using hierarchical linkage with a variety of techniques, including neighbor joining, single and complete linkage, and Unweighted Pair Group Method Average (UPGMA).

The toolbox supports weighting and rerooting trees, calculating subtrees, and calculating the canonical form of trees. The phylogenetic tree viewer lets you prune, reorder, and rename branches; explore distances; and read or write Newick-formatted files. You can also use the annotation tools in MATLAB to create presentation-quality trees.

### Protein Feature Analysis

The toolbox provides protein sequence analysis techniques, including routines for calculating properties of a peptide sequence such as atomic composition, isoelectric point, and molecular weight. You can determine the amino acid composition of protein sequences, cleave a protein with an enzyme, and create backbone plots and Ramachandran plots of PDB data. You can use the Sequence Tool to view the properties of an amino acid sequence or use the Molecule Viewer to display and manipulate 3D molecular structures.

## Data Import and Application Deployment

### File Formats and Database Access

You can access standard file formats for biological data, online databases, and Web sites. Bioinformatics Toolbox enables you to:

• Read sequence data from standard file formats, including FASTA, PDB, and SCF
• Read microarray data from file formats such as Affymetrix DAT, EXP, CEL, CHP, and CDF files; ImaGene® results format data; Agilent® Feature Extraction Software files; and GenePix® GPR and GAL files
• Read data from online databases such as GenBank, EMBL, NCBI BLAST, and PDB
• Import data directly from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus website with a single command
• Read cytogenetic banding information from NCBI ideograms or UCSC cytoband text files
• Read mass spectrometry data from MZXML and JCAMP-DX files

### Sharing Algorithms and Deploying Applications

MATLAB provides tools that let you turn your data analysis program into a customized software application. These include development tools for building user interfaces, a visual integrated development environment, and a profiler. MATLAB application deployment products let you integrate your MATLAB algorithms with existing C, C++, and Java applications, deploy the developed algorithms and custom interfaces as standalone applications, convert MATLAB algorithms into Microsoft® .NET or COM components that can be accessed from any COM-based application, and create Microsoft Excel® add-ins.

You can integrate MATLAB with commonly used bioinformatics tools such as BioPerl, SOAP-based Web services, and COM plug-ins.

Pass arguments from MATLAB to Perl scripts and pull BLAST search data back to MATLAB.