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Sources
The Solar Cell block represents a solar cell current source.
The Solar Cell block model includes the following components:
The block represents a single solar cell as a resistance Rs that is connected in series with a parallel combination of the following elements:
Current source
Two exponential diodes
Parallel resistor Rp
The output current I is:
where:
Iph is the solar-induced current:
where:
Ir is the irradiance (light intensity) in W/m2 falling on the cell.
Iph0 is the measured solar-generated current for the irradiance Ir0.
Is is the saturation current of the first diode.
Is2 is the saturation current of the second diode.
Vt is the thermal voltage, kT/q, where:
k is the Boltzmann constant.
T is the device operating temperature parameter value.
q is the elementary charge on an electron.
N is the quality factor (diode emission coefficient) of the first diode.
N2 is the quality factor (diode emission coefficient) of the second diode.
V is the voltage across the solar cell electrical ports.
The quality factor varies for amorphous cells, and is typically 2 for polycrystalline cells.
The block lets you choose between two models:
An 8-parameter model where the preceding equation describes the output current
A 5-parameter model that applies the following simplifying assumptions to the preceding equation:
The saturation current of the second diode is zero.
The impedance of the parallel resistor is infinite.
If you choose the 5-parameter model, you can parameterize this block in terms of the preceding equivalent circuit model parameters or in terms of the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage the block uses to derive these parameters.
All models adjust the block resistance and current parameters as a function of temperature.
Several solar cell parameters depend on temperature. There are two ways to specify the solar cell temperature:
When you select Device temperature for the Model temperature dependence using parameter, the solar cell temperature is
where:
TC is the Circuit temperature parameter value from the SPICE Environment Parameters block. If this block doesn't exist in the circuit, TC is the default value of this parameter.
TO is the Offset local circuit temperature, TOFFSET parameter value.
When you select Fixed temperature for the Model temperature dependence using parameter, the solar cell temperature is the Fixed circuit temperature, TFIXED parameter value.
The block provides the following relationship between the solar-induced current Iph and the solar cell temperature T:
where:
TIPH1 is the First order temperature coefficient for Iph, TIPH1 parameter value.
Tmeas is the Parameter extraction temperature, TMEAS parameter value.
The block provides the following relationship between the saturation current of the first diode Is and the solar cell temperature T:
where TXIS1 is the Temperature exponent for Is, TXIS1 parameter value.
The block provides the following relationship between the saturation current of the second diode Is2 and the solar cell temperature T:
where TXIS2 is the Temperature exponent for Is2, TXIS2 parameter value.
The block provides the following relationship between the series resistance Rs and the solar cell temperature T:
where TRS1 is the Temperature exponent for Rs, TRS1 parameter value.
The block provides the following relationship between the parallel resistance Rp and the solar cell temperature T:
where TRP1 is the Temperature exponent for Rp, TRP1 parameter value.
Select one of the following methods for block parameterization:
By s/c current and o/c voltage, 5 parameter — Provide short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage that the block converts to an equivalent circuit model of the solar cell. This is the default option.
By equivalent circuit parameters, 5 parameters — Provide electrical parameters for an equivalent circuit model of the solar cell using the 5-parameter solar cell model that makes the following assumptions:
The saturation current of the second diode is zero.
The parallel resistor has infinite impedance.
By equivalent circuit parameters, 8 parameters — Provide electrical parameters for an equivalent circuit model of the solar cell using the 8-parameter solar cell model.
The current that flows when you short-circuit the solar cell. This parameter is only visible when you select By s/c current and o/c voltage, 5 parameter for the Parameterize by parameter . The default value is 7.34 A.
The voltage across the solar cell when it is not connected. This parameter is only visible when you select By s/c current and o/c voltage, 5 parameter for the Parameterize by parameter . The default value is 0.6 V.
The asymptotic reverse current of the first diode for increasing reverse bias in the absence of any incident light. This parameter is only visible when you select one of the following settings:
By equivalent circuit parameters, 5 parameters for the Parameterize by parameter
By equivalent circuit parameters, 8 parameters for the Parameterize by parameter
The default value is 1e-06 A.
The asymptotic reverse current of the second diode for increasing reverse bias in the absence of any incident light. This parameter is only visible when you select By equivalent circuit parameters, 8 parameters for the Parameterize by parameter. The default value is 0 A.
The solar-induced current when the irradiance is Ir0. This parameter is only visible when you select one of the following settings:
By equivalent circuit parameters, 5 parameters for the Parameterize by parameter
By equivalent circuit parameters, 8 parameters for the Parameterize by parameter
The default value is 7.34 A.
The irradiance that produces a current of Iph0 in the solar cell. The default value is 1000 W/m2.
The emission coefficient of the first diode. The default value is 1.5.
The emission coefficient of the second diode. This parameter is only visible when you select By equivalent circuit parameters, 8 parameters for the Parameterize by parameter. The default value is 2.
The internal series resistance. The default value is 0 Ω.
The internal parallel resistance. This parameter is only visible when you select By equivalent circuit parameters, 8 parameters for the Parameterize by parameter. The default value is inf Ω.
The order of the linear increase in the solar-generated current as temperature increases. The default value is 0 1/K. The value must be greater than or equal to 0.
The solar cell activation energy. The default value is 1.11 eV. The value must be greater than or equal to the Minimum energy gap EGMIN parameter of the SPICE Environment Parameters block, whose default value is 0.1.
The order of the exponential increase in the current from the first diode as temperature increases. The default value is 3. The value must be greater than or equal to 0.
The order of the exponential increase in the current from the second diode as temperature increases. The default value is 3. This parameter is only visible when you select By equivalent circuit parameters, 8 parameters for the Parameterize by parameter. The value must be greater than or equal to 0.
The order of the exponential increase in the series resistance as temperature increases. The default value is 0. The value must be greater than or equal to 0.
The order of the exponential increase in the parallel resistance as temperature increases. The default value is 0. This parameter is only visible when you select 8 parameters for the Solar cell model parameter. The value must be greater than or equal to 0.
Select one of the following options for modeling the solar cell temperature dependence:
Device temperature — Use the device temperature, which is the Circuit temperature parameter value (from the SPICE Environment Parameters block, if one exists in the circuit, or the default value for this block otherwise) plus the Offset local circuit temperature, TOFFSET parameter value.
Fixed temperature — Use a temperature that is independent of the circuit temperature to model temperature dependence.
The amount by which the solar cell temperature differs from the circuit temperature. This parameter is only visible when you select Device temperature for the Model temperature dependence using parameter. The default value is -2 C.
The temperature at which the solar cell parameters were measured. The default value is 25 C. The value must be greater than 0.
The temperature at which to simulate the solar cell. This parameter is only visible when you select Fixed temperature for the Model temperature dependence using parameter. The default value is 25 C. The value must be greater than 0.
The block has the following ports:
[1] Gow, J.A. and C.D. Manning. "Development of a Photovoltaic Array Model for Use in Power-Electronics Simulation Studies." IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, Vol. 146, No. 2, pp. 193–200, March 1999.
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