Image retrieval - Query by Example Demo

This demo provides a simple query by image example method, based on HSV values.

Description

Content-based image retrieval is the task of searching images in databases by analyzing the image contents. In this demo, a simple image retrieval method is presented, based on the color distribution of the images. The user simply provides an "example" image and the search is based upon that example (query by image example). For this first version of the demo no relevance feedback is used.

Almost 1000 images have been used for populating the database. For each image a 3-D histogram of it's HSV values is computed. At the end of the training stage, all 3D HSV histograms are stored in the same .mat file.
In order to retrieve M (user-defined) query results, the following steps are executed:

The 3D (HSV) histogram of the query image is computed. Then, the number of bins in each direction (i.e., HSV space)is duplicated by means of interpolation.
For each image i in the database:
Load its histogram Hist(i).
Use interpolation for duplicating the number of bins in each direction.
For each 3-D hist bin, compute the distance (D) between the hist of the query image and the i-th database image.
Keep only distances (D2) for which, the respective hist bins of the query image are larger than a predefined threshold T (let L2 the number of these distances).
Use a 2nd threshold: find the distance (D3) values which are smaller than T2, and let L3 be the number of such values.
The similarity measure is defined as: S(i) = L2 * average(D3) / (L3^2).
Sort the similarity vector and prompt the user with the images that have the M smaller S values.

• Required Products: Image Processing Toolbox
• MATLAB release: MATLAB 7.5 (R2007b)
• HTML Files: documentation.html

Other Files

beach.jpg,
beach2.JPG,
bob.JPG,
compute3DHist.asv,
corc.JPG,
getImageHists.m,
glasgow3.jpg,
images2/,
images2/0-chicago_master.jpg,
images2/0-london_master.jpg,
images2/0412beer2.jpg,
images2/0502_tom_waits_b.jpg,
images2/060921Nirvana3.jpg,
images2/061116_brazil_model_vlrg_10a.widec.jpg,
images2/106-subaru-impreza.jpg,
images2/10770MartinGuitarPortrait.jpg,
images2/14321-Bob (1).jpg,
images2/14980546-14980549-slarge.jpg,
images2/15712__nirvana_l.jpg,
images2/18462115.jpg,
images2/18866984_w434_h_q80.jpg,
images2/1moviebody-trainspotting.jpg,
images2/2005_10_03_pearl_jam.jpg,
images2/2008-subaru-impreza-wrx-hatch-front.jpg,
images2/2008-subaru-wrc-concept-car1.jpg,
images2/2039_03_10---Holliday-Wharf-on-the-Birmingham-Canal-Navigation-_web.jpg,
images2/2_ferrari_fiorano.jpg,
images2/300.madonna.041808.jpg,
images2/300493d-alien-magic-matrix-screen-saver-is-reloaded-by-power-of-neo-and-trinity.jpg,
images2/307wrc_front.jpg,
images2/400px-The_Art_of_Walt_Disney_book_cover.jpg,
images2/5473~Poker-Posters.jpg,
images2/612~SpongeBob-SquarePants-Posters.jpg,
images2/6a00d83451c47869e200e54f1dc8668833-800wi.jpg,
images2/6a4bc3e5f1bd4f32932b8cc585e51510.jpg,
images2/764px-NileCrocodile.jpg,
images2/767062.jpg,
images2/_44898336_german_braz_416_getty.jpg,
images2/a_clockwork_orange_04.263124651_std.jpg,
images2/american-crocodile-emerging-water.jpg,
images2/american-flag.jpg,
images2/apple_logo_rainbow_fruit.jpg,
images2/Argentina-Flag.jpg,
images2/argentina_flag.jpg,
images2/as_roma.jpg,
images2/asterix.jpg,
images2/asterix_13.jpg,
images2/asterixf.jpg,
images2/AsterixObelix.jpg,
images2/Athens+Aerial+1+-+Ampelokipi+-+small800x.jpg,
images2/Athens_Piraeus_harbor_from_Hill_of_Philopappus2_tb_n011501.jpg,
images2/attractive_article.jpg,
images2/basketball photo 2.jpg,
images2/Basketball.jpeg,
images2/beer-glass.jpg,
images2/beer.jpg,
images2/beer1.jpg,
images2/beer4.jpg,
images2/berlin (1).jpg,
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images2/FamilyGuyParty.jpg,
images2/ferrari-360-modena-stretched-limo.jpg,
images2/Ferrari10.jpg,
images2/ferrari7.jpg,
images2/ferrari_dino.jpg,
images2/fight_club_front.jpg,
images2/flag-of-scotland.jpg,
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images2/flower2.jpg,
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images2/flower6.jpg,
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images2/fruit.jpg,
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images2/scotland (2).JPG,
images2/scotland (20).JPG,
images2/scotland (21).JPG,
images2/scotland (22).JPG,
images2/scotland (24).JPG,
images2/scotland (25).JPG,
images2/scotland (26).JPG,
images2/scotland (3).JPG,
images2/scotland (4).JPG,
images2/scotland (5).JPG,
images2/scotland (6).JPG,
images2/scotland (7).JPG,
images2/scotland (8).JPG,
images2/scotland (9).JPG,
images2/scotland.JPG,
images2/sex-pistols.jpg,
images2/simpsons-31.jpg,
images2/simpsons-cast.jpg,
images2/simpsons-FamilyOnTV_72_1157690316.jpg,
images2/simpsons-schip-page-not-a-hack-say-republicans-mayor-quimby.jpg,
images2/simpsons_marge.widec.jpg,
images2/sm2urfs.jpg,
images2/SmurfIceCream.jpg,
images2/Smurfs-tv-05.jpg,
images2/Smurfs-Wallpaper-the-smurfs-251171_1024_768.jpg,
images2/smurfs.jpg,
images2/soccer.jpg,
images2/SonicYouthPhoto2006.jpg,
images2/sonicyouthum4.jpg,
images2/soundgarden-photo-soundgarden-6224966.jpg,
images2/Soundgarden_1997.jpg,
images2/south-park-goes-online.jpg,
images2/south-park-imaginationland.jpg,
images2/southpark.jpg,
images2/southpark460.jpg,
images2/SouthPark_051230112227534_wideweb__300x325.jpg,
images2/space-statioedit.jpg,
images2/space-station-iss.jpg,
images2/space.jpg,
images2/space_image.jpg,
images2/SpongeBob-standup-01.jpg,
images2/subaru_5.jpg,
images2/The Sex Pistols JOHNNY SING.JPG,
images2/the-sex-pistols-gh-iii-1.jpg,
images2/The-Simpsons-tv-fif80.jpg,
images2/TheMatrixWallpaper800.jpg,
images2/TheSimpsonsWallpaper1024.jpg,
images2/Thumbs.db,
images2/tom&jerry1.jpg,
images2/tom-jerry.jpg,
images2/TomJerry.jpg,
images2/TomJerry2_468x342.jpg,
images2/tomwaits1.jpg,
images2/trainspotting.jpg,
images2/trainspotting460.jpg,
images2/uk-flag.jpg,
images2/unhappy smurf.jpg,
images2/V15Z21_Tom&Jerry_Bal.jpg,
images2/xcor_space_630px.jpg,
images2/zoo (1).jpg,
images2/zoo (10).jpg,
images2/zoo (11).jpg,
images2/zoo (12).jpg,
images2/zoo (13).jpg,
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images2/zoo (18).jpg,
images2/zoo (2).jpg,
images2/zoo (3).jpg,
images2/zoo (4).jpg,
images2/zoo (5).jpg,
images2/zoo (6).jpg,
images2/zoo (7).jpg,
images2/zoo (8).jpg,
images2/zoo (9).jpg,
images2/zoo.jpg,
images2/Zurich (10).jpg,
images2/Zurich (11).jpg,
images2/Zurich (12).jpg,
images2/Zurich (13).jpg,
images2/Zurich (15).jpg,
images2/Zurich (17).jpg,
images2/Zurich (18).jpg,
images2/Zurich (19).jpg,
images2/Zurich (2).jpg,
images2/Zurich (20).jpg,
images2/Zurich (21).jpg,
images2/Zurich (22).jpg,
images2/Zurich (24).jpg,
images2/Zurich (25).jpg,
images2/Zurich (26).jpg,
images2/Zurich (27).jpg,
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images2/Zurich (3).jpg,
images2/Zurich (31).jpg,
images2/Zurich (4).jpg,
images2/Zurich (5).jpg,
images2/Zurich (6).jpg,
images2/Zurich (7).jpg,
images2/Zurich (8).jpg,
images2/Zurich (9).jpg,
images2/Zurich.jpg,
madonna.jpg,
model1Hist.mat,
redflower.jpg,
river2.jpg,
sco-flag_s.jpg,
screen1.jpg,
screen2.jpg,
searchImageHist.m

[Harsh Sundani]

Thanks a lot for the program....It works great!!.....

I am trying to create a image retrival program for medical images and will be using this code for the program. Could you please help me create my own database(with new image histograms) and storing it in a new .mat file...

[Amir abbas]

 

[Nicola Franzoso]

Great work Theodoros.
About for create a database of new images i have try with this and work. In my sample the images are 17 from 1 to 17.jpg:

savefile = 'mydatabase.mat';

for numimma = 1:17 % 17 images in my sample
    
    imageName = strcat(num2str(numimma), '.jpg');
    
    % compute 3-D image histograms (HSV color space):
    [Hist, RGBQ] = getImageHists(imageName);
    
    isto = {Hist};
    imshow(RGBQ);
    drawnow
    dataisto(numimma) = isto;
    datafile(numimma) = {imageName};
    
end

save (savefile, 'datafile', 'dataisto')

[cqupt cqupt]

I has solve it!

[kartik]

since i am new to matlab,and i am trying to learn all the basics as quick as possible,,

i would like to know how exactly the database is created for images say if i have 10 images,where would i write the program for creating the database in matlab,and if images are in folder then how would i link it
explanation given above in one of the comment is not making me understand it properly

can anybody make this thing clear to me
requesting all the pioneers in Digtial image processing
need help in quick time.

[kartik]

i am trying to build a image retrival system with information provided for each image ,hence actin as an image based search engine
program works great!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

i would like to know about the deccison threshold used in in the program.on what basis the threshold were set ,how threshold values mentioned in the program were calculated,were they on the basis of intensity value or something else .i would like to undrstand the threshold in program

the threshold given are t=0.010 AND t2=0.8
how were these given and how it was calcualted and compared

[Theodoros Giannakopoulos]

Hi guys, thanx alot for your comments. Sorry for the looong delay, but I hadn't checked the forum for quite a long time. Anyway, I am posting a simple function that computes the color histograms of a whole directory of images. In this way you will be also able to build your training data. You can use this function and then store the returned histograms (along with the filenames) in a mat file.

Matlab code:

function [Hists, files] = getImageHistsDir(DirName)

D = dir(DirName);

count = 0;

for (i=3:length(D))
    if ((strcmpi(D(i).name(end-3:end), '.jpg')==1) | (strcmpi(D(i).name(end-3:end), '.jpeg')==1))
        count = count + 1;
        [Hists{count}] = getImageHists([DirName '\\' D(i).name]);
        files{count} = [DirName '\\' D(i).name];
        fprintf('%.4d File %40s computed...\n',count,files{count})
    end
end

As you can see, you just specify the directory name in which the images are stored. This is actually what Nicola Franzoso has provided, but in a function mode.

[Liviu Vladutu]

Try the example with the 'Classical_guitar.jpg'. It fails miserably to find the closest (as resemblance) figure, ie 'Classical_Guitar_two_views.jpg'.
Try: warning off;searchImageHist('Classical_Guitar.jpg', 'model1Hist', 11);

[mubashar khan]

its k.. managed to solve it!! :-D

[mubashar khan]

i managed to get the images to be computed however i couldnt get the .mat file saved in a way so that when i used the code from the original to run it, it would jus come up with the error about Nfiles. can any 1 help me out with this? thanks

[ampire Ê]

thank you for your code! But I think the code above is not very exact.it's code based on you:
function [Hists,files] = getImageHistsDir(DirName)
D = dir(DirName);
count = 0;
 
for (i=3:length(D))
    if ((strcmpi(D(i).name(end-3:end), '.jpg')==1) | (strcmpi(D(i).name(end-3:end), '.jpeg')==1))
        count = count + 1;
        Hists{count}=getImageHists([DirName '\\' D(i).name]);
        files{count}=[DirName '\\' D(i).name];
        fprintf('%.4d File %40s computed...\n',count,files{count});
    end
end
savefile='mydatabase';
save (savefile, 'files', 'Hists')
Making use of it,you can get imagesdir in your images files.thank you!

[Raksha]

 

[mansi verma]

image retrieval code is not getting downloaded. its showing an error of invalid archieve. please update it and if possible send a copy to
[e-mail]

thank u!!