Fault location in medium-voltage DC distribution network using MATLAB (No AI/ML methods)

Hi everyone,

I’m working on a 4-terminal medium voltage DC distribution network with a 30 km line. I have simulated data for pole-to-pole and pole-to-ground faults at different locations and under varying fault resistances.

My objective is to accurately locate the fault. I initially applied impedance-based techniques, but the accuracy was not satisfactory, especially at higher fault resistances. I’m now looking into traveling-wave based or any other conventional approach suitable for MVDC systems.

Important note: I do not want to use AI/ML-based fault location methods for this work.

I need help with the following:

1. Which non-AI/ML fault location techniques are more reliable for MVDC systems with varying fault resistance?
2. Any MATLAB references, toolboxes, or implementation examples for impedance or traveling-wave fault location?
3. Suggestions on how to process and apply my simulated fault dataset to improve accuracy?

Any guidance or references would be appreciated.

Thanks!