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peakfinder(x0, sel, thresh, extrema, includeEndpoints, interpolate)

version 2.0.2.0 (10.9 KB) by Nathanael Yoder

Nathanael Yoder (view profile)
Quickly finds local maxima (peaks) or minima (valleys) in a noisy signal.
4.9
91 Ratings

86 Downloads

Updated 02 Oct 2016

View License

Editor's Note: This file was selected as MATLAB Central Pick of the Week

This function quickly finds local peaks or valleys (local extrema) in a noisy vector using a user defined magnitude threshold to determine if each peak is significantly larger (or smaller) than the data around it. The problem with the strictly derivative based peak finding algorithms is that if the signal is noisy many spurious peaks are found. However, more complex methods often take much longer for large data sets, require a large amount of user interaction, and still give highly variable results.
This function attempts to use the alternating nature of the derivatives along with the user defined threshold to identify local maxima or minima in a vector quickly and robustly. The function is able to correctly identify the major peaks on a 1.5 million data point noisy sum of sinusoids in under a second as is shown in the example in the code comments.
Please don't hesitate to comment or contact me if you have suggestions about improvements that could be made to this function.

Cite As

Nathanael Yoder (2020). peakfinder(x0, sel, thresh, extrema, includeEndpoints, interpolate) (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/25500-peakfinder-x0-sel-thresh-extrema-includeendpoints-interpolate), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved .

Comments and Ratings (125)

Asatur Khurshudyan

Asatur Khurshudyan (view profile)

Ivan Rojkov

Ivan Rojkov (view profile)

Dennis Blenke

Dennis Blenke (view profile)

@MiguelMireles, that unfortunately doesn´t fix the problem. My signal has maximum and minimum values which are both positive (e.g. Max 15 Min 0,2). If thats the case the code doesn´t work. Not even for the maximum values

MiguelMireles

MiguelMireles (view profile)

@Dennis Blenke, simply multiply by minus one your signal so that your minima will become maxima and apply the code

Dennis Blenke

Dennis Blenke (view profile)

Is there a way to find minima even if they are higher than 0 ???

Matt Cannon

Matt Cannon (view profile)

This worked great and it was super easy to use. Thanks!!!

mk14

mk14 (view profile)

The function works perfect. But why sel is set default as (max - min)/4? Any reference here? Appreciated.

Faycal Saffih

Faycal Saffih (view profile)

This function will perform poorly for a step function that should not be considered a pulse as this function does :-(

Jemin

Jemin (view profile)

Perfect.Thank you very much.

Alberto Comin

Alberto Comin (view profile)

THINH PHAN

THINH PHAN (view profile)

Thank you. It work very well on my project. I appreciate your work.

Victor Garcia Muñoz

Victor Garcia Muñoz (view profile)

Bob DA

Bob DA (view profile)

Great tool! My only request would be to add an optional output argument that provides error bars for interpolated results.

Cynthia Kahl

Cynthia Kahl (view profile)

Does this work for 3D plots?

Astha Kukreja

Astha Kukreja (view profile)

Som Agg

Som Agg (view profile)

Clayder Gonzalez Cadenillas

Clayder Gonzalez Cadenillas (view profile)

Thanks! This code was very useful for my purposes. I implemented a C++ version that you can find here: https://github.com/claydergc/find-peaks. Hope it helps!

Z SHU

Z SHU (view profile)

Hi, well-written code. However, I am not sure about the definition of sel,

Mohamed Abd Allah

Mohamed Abd Allah (view profile)

great code. I needed to include endpoints and exclude them if they appear in the answer, otherwise in some case I get an error: index exceeds matrix dimension.
Otherwise, good code and very useful.
Thanks!

Chuck Renneberg

Chuck Renneberg (view profile)

Michel du Montmorency

Michel du Montmorency (view profile)

Much less arguments than matlab findpeaks and, nonetheless, much more effective!

Patrick Gregg

Patrick Gregg (view profile)

Super code. User friendly, works very well.

Patrick Gregg

Patrick Gregg (view profile)

Anna Levant

Anna Levant (view profile)

Great function, thanks! very user friendly and works perfectly.

Sirmwami

Sirmwami (view profile)

The following gives an error instead of an empty vector:
x0 = [ 1 1 0];
sel = 3;
thresh = 5;
extrema = 1;
includeEndpoints = false;
interpolate = false;
peakLoc = peakfinder(x0, sel, thresh, extrema, includeEndpoints, interpolate);

Otherwise, code is good when it works

Chrisso Anonymous

Chrisso Anonymous (view profile)

Dimitrios Paraskevas

Dimitrios Paraskevas (view profile)

Great code. Could you please be more specific as to the meaning of input variable 'sel'?

paul harder

paul harder (view profile)

Edward Smith-Uchotski

Edward Smith-Uchotski (view profile)

Great code, if you wish to use in subfigure you can comment out the figure that is at the bottom of the code. This then allows you to use subplot. Amazing code

Tony Macari

Tony Macari (view profile)

Great job on this fubction Nathanael

Huzeyfe Erkek

Huzeyfe Erkek (view profile)

Christopher Eckerson

Christopher Eckerson (view profile)

Navid Asmari Saadabad

Navid Asmari Saadabad (view profile)

Navish Wadhwa

Navish Wadhwa (view profile)

H Huang

H Huang (view profile)

It works very nicely for my problem! Thank you!
@Ezor: 'sel' is a relative value from my understanding.

Eugen

Eugen (view profile)

It works!

Ramtanu Mukherjee

Ramtanu Mukherjee (view profile)

Hi Nathanael Yoder,
I'm able to find Maxima, but please let me know how to find Minima?

Regards,
Ramtanu

Ezor

Ezor (view profile)

That's great ! It could have been even better if the variable 'sel' had refered to a relative value between two points instead of an absolute one.

Stefan

Stefan (view profile)

Mike Bail

Mike Bail (view profile)

arnold

arnold (view profile)

Hi Nathanael,

very useful function, thanks.
I've been getting this warning about Nargchk for a while now, maybe you can exchange it.

===========================
Warning: NARGCHK will be removed in a future release. Use NARGINCHK or NARGOUTCHK instead.
> In peakfinder (line 83)
===========================

Carl Witthoft

Carl Witthoft (view profile)

OK, what just happened? Matlab 2015a, and the function "boolean" doesn't exist. You should remove it in favor of the actual boolean operators, or indicate that Simulink is required.
thanks

Nathanael Yoder

Nathanael Yoder (view profile)

@Mohamed

Unfortunately there were no real equations as most of the algorithm was based on intuition. Please just cite using something similar to the link below:
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=7164010680339322125&hl=en&as_sdt=2005&authuser=1#

Glad you found it useful!

tokiyoshi

tokiyoshi (view profile)

Mohamed Abdel Hamed

Mohamed Abdel Hamed (view profile)

Hi Nathanael,
Do you have a PDF with the used equations and citations ?
I need to cite your work correctly.

Thanks.

Mahmut Ruzi

Mahmut Ruzi (view profile)

Hi, Nathanael. Thanks for the code. It's very fast and easy to use. Great code !

MOHAMED BENNASAR

MOHAMED BENNASAR (view profile)

Thank you for sharing this function, Is there reference for this method ?

Gerald Schlegel

Gerald Schlegel (view profile)

Dipankar Kumar

Dipankar Kumar (view profile)

I am new in the MATLAB. How to implement the peakfinder code?

Ana

Ana (view profile)

Hi Nathanael,
I'm trying the following and is not working. Could you help me on this?

A=rand(1,4,5);
peak_num=zeros(5,4);
for w=1:5
peak_num(w,:)=peakfinder(A(1,1:4,w))
end
peak_num;
in this case the vector of peaks found for each w has a different size.

Thanks

Ana

Ana (view profile)

Hi Nathanael,

I'm trying the following and is not working. Could you help me on this?
peak_num=zeros(130,108);
for w=1:108
peak_num(:,w)=peakfinder(ss(1,1:1301,w));
end
eak_num;

in this case the vector of peaks found for each w has a different size.

Thanks

Svet Shkolyar

Svet Shkolyar (view profile)

Hi, I'm really new to MATLAB. I would like to use your peakfinder routine, which I think is going to do exactly what I want.

I am trying to define an approach for quantifying noise in some spectral data I've taken where contaminants are present. I'd like to use a S/N threshold to define above how many standard deviations my data is contaminant vs. real. I suspect real peaks in my spectral data will be hundreds of standard deviations above the threshold (compared to a standard) and contaminants will be maybe 10s of times above it (compared to a standard).

I downloaded your routine but I'm not sure how to modify it to read in a specific spectral data file, then find the peaks in a noisy region in that spectrum, then calculate the average and standard deviation of those peaks.

It is not clear to me where in your routine to insert a readfile command and where to insert a command that prints the peaks to a file (csv?)...

Thanks!

Binu

Binu (view profile)

Hi Nathanael! This is very useful function. Thanks for posting it. I noticed a couple of bugs in the code. They are quick fixes.

1) Looks like a typo on line 139, instead of nargin < 6 you have it as 5.
2) In the while loop on line 205, there are conditions where the variable 'tempLoc' and 'tempMag' are not declared (E.g. line 256).

korkam

korkam (view profile)

thank you

Daniele Dequal

Daniele Dequal (view profile)

Very useful, many thanks!

Emmanouil Barmpounakis

Emmanouil Barmpounakis (view profile)

Pradeep Kumar

Pradeep Kumar (view profile)

Pradeep Kumar

Pradeep Kumar (view profile)

hi folk!
Although I am new in matlab but using this peakfinder code. This is fantastic code. But I need this code in C language for that I tried to convert but not able to convert.
so please if any of you have this code in C, may I get it.

Pradeep

Edward Carney

Edward Carney (view profile)

This code saved me hours. I had a peak-finding problem that the newest version of findpeaks took care of nicely with the MinPeakProminence parameter. Unfortunately, my colleagues at another university only had access to a previous version of the function. After tweaking some of the parameter values in the function call, all went nicely.

Thanks for your work!

Ali Allen

Ali Allen (view profile)

Hi guys
Thanks a lot for your great efforts
I have a periodic signal, can you guide me in how to find its peaks and valleys using the peakfinder function. I am very sorry since I am still new to matlab

my regards

Peter P

Peter P (view profile)

This function works well most of the time. However, in the case when the data only has one or two extrema, the code assume the function is monotonic and assumes the points are the end points and then excludes them if 'includeEndpoints' is false, when it should be returning the peak. A good test case is a quadratic.

Maasi AL-Mayali

Maasi AL-Mayali (view profile)

Hi all,
I have x,y data for roughness profile I need to find the valleys for all valleys points, how I can do that please
maasi
Cardiff

Monique

Monique (view profile)

Just adding a comment after using this function for a few months (thanks again!!!) - it would be useful to add a test at the beginning checking whether there are NaN's in x0, which causes the function to fail (without an error, ie. peaks are returned, but they don't work). Now that I know I simply remove them before running the function and add them again, but it took me a little while to notice that something was wrong and understand why.

Monique

Monique (view profile)

Deepesh upadrashta

Deepesh upadrashta (view profile)

Good one. Nice work. Thanks.

FortyTwo

FortyTwo (view profile)

Excellent. Worked well for my application.

Haitham

Haitham (view profile)

Matt

Matt (view profile)

Works well, thanks!

amir afrashtehpour

amir afrashtehpour (view profile)

hello
thanks for the great upload
it really works great
i have a question
i want to run this program in a loop (the ipeak.m)
i have done that and it works great.
but i don't need the code to plot it i just want the "ans" data
how to modify the code to turn of plotting
is it possible for you to change the code so the ipeak.m take a function like yes or no as input argument to wether plot the data or not
thanks

Maria

Maria (view profile)

Thanks, works great!

Maria

Maria (view profile)

Orkhan

Orkhan (view profile)

Frank

Frank (view profile)

@Nathanael Yoder: With the new version from 13.8.2014 all peaks in my data are found. Thanks again.

LAKSHMAN

LAKSHMAN (view profile)

hi all,
i want to find distance between 2 peaks of a continuous signal. the signal is like a ECG signal but no -ve values. In my signal i have only positive peaks and i want to find frequency b/w peaks. The frequency b/w peaks are not const. So i want to find 2 successive peaks and distance b/w them.. I have tried using FFT but but i want to know abt amplitude data.. Could anyone plz help me in developing algorithm...

yonatan gerufi

yonatan gerufi (view profile)

Nathanael Yoder

Nathanael Yoder (view profile)

@Frank I believe the function works as intended with the current indexing methodology. By using the same index (ii) for traversing both the valleys and the peaks, the function has to come down at least sel between each peak and two peaks can't be right next to each other. That said, please email me if you have an example of where you feel it does not work and I'd be happy to take a look.

Frank

Frank (view profile)

Works (almost) good.
However it does not detect all peaks, I think there is a bug. The index in lines 186ff for finding the valley should be different from ii, e.g. jj:

jj = ii+1; % Move onto the valley
% Come down at least sel from peak
if ~foundPeak && tempMag > sel + x(jj)
foundPeak = true; % We have found a peak
leftMin = x(jj);
peakLoc(cInd) = tempLoc; % Add peak to index
peakMag(cInd) = tempMag;
cInd = cInd+1;
elseif x(jj) < leftMin % New left minima
leftMin = x(jj);
end

dong

dong (view profile)

Liang ZOU

Liang ZOU (view profile)

Great. It works fine for ecg peak detection.

Liang ZOU

Liang ZOU (view profile)

Trevor

Trevor (view profile)

Very useful, thanks! For my application I was trying to find the average of peaks from some experimental data that had some outliers, so I used trimmean() on the output of this function.

@mptorr - just do a max() on the output. e.g. [~,peakdata]=peakfinder(x0) ... max(peakdata)

@Ali - there is an option for this in peakfinder. Make the 4th input argument -1 to find minimums (type "help peakfinder" into the command window for more info)

Geppetto

Geppetto (view profile)

is there a way to have peakfinder return only ONE peak -- the highest -- from x0?

Ali

Ali (view profile)

It works fine.
Is there any code to find minimums (instead of peaks)?

Kevin

Kevin (view profile)

Exactly what I needed. Works well with mid-infrared spectra. Thanks!

Fan D.Chen

Fan D.Chen (view profile)

Running very smooth, helped me a lot, thank you

Sherif

Sherif (view profile)

Thanks.

Nathanael Yoder

Nathanael Yoder (view profile)

@Jakob Are you sure you are calling this function? Line 98 in this peakfinder is: dx0 = diff(x0); % Find derivative.

Also the function unfortunately does not accept cell inputs

Jakob

Jakob (view profile)

I get an error message:

Cell contents reference from a non-cell array object.

Error in peakfinder (line 98)
for cell=1:length(cellList{frame})

FEI

FEI (view profile)

Shirah

Shirah (view profile)

Hello, does anybody know how to replicate these peaks into a grayscale image.

Thank You

Han

Han (view profile)

Best code ever.

Opalan

Opalan (view profile)

Brett Shoelson

Brett Shoelson (view profile)

I've tried several approaches to detecting peaks in noisy data; this one worked best, and is exceptionally fast. Very nice work!

Sandra

Sandra (view profile)

How should I cite this code?

Todd Karin

Todd Karin (view profile)

emma

emma (view profile)

hi team

I am very new at this. How do I make this code find multiple peaks?

Thanks

dolphin

dolphin (view profile)

good

Ershad Ahamed Chemmalasseri

Ershad Ahamed Chemmalasseri (view profile)

mitra devkota

mitra devkota (view profile)

Dear MATLAB users community,
I am a matlab newbie,I have x and y as vectors, I plotted them in MATLAB and now I need to detect the peaks and also find the corresponding peak locations. How can I use this code in my case?
Thanks in advance.
Mitra

Willem

Willem (view profile)

Wang Feiran, to to find valleys you can use
peakfinder(data,[],[],-1)

Wang Feiran

Wang Feiran (view profile)

Wang Feiran

Wang Feiran (view profile)

Btw,the commend i was using is >>peakfinder(data) and i am a matlab newbie xD

Wang Feiran

Wang Feiran (view profile)

Btw,how to use this code to detect valley?Thanks

Wang Feiran

Wang Feiran (view profile)

Hello,i also have a problem with this code when i input the data under 1200 sampling frequency it doing well can detect all the peak points,but when i tried with other data under different sampling frequency sometimes it only can give me like half points some are missing,i don't know how to attach the image file,but can give me any help?

Morteza Dehghani

Morteza Dehghani (view profile)

raj

raj (view profile)

Hello all, I have a problem with this code when my SNR is less 1.9 dB I CANT DETECT MY PEAKS OF INTEREST. What i want to know is it not possible to detect peaks at such noisy conditions ???

Jan Heldal

Jan Heldal (view profile)

Joanne: That kind of error-message typically arises when Matlab does not know where the command resides (or when you misspelled it). Make sure that any m-file you wish to run are either in the current directory, and/or in your Matlab-path. If you have a separate folder for non-builtin m-files (such as peakfinder) that you wish to use, you can add that folder to the Matlab-path with the 'addpath' command, and put those m-files there.

Joanne

Joanne (view profile)

Sorry, I thought I'd written a longer message! I am also a MatLab newbie and am struggling to input the data and I get the above error message. Thanks if anyone can help. Jo

Joanne

Joanne (view profile)

I get the error:
Undefined function 'peakfinder' for input arguments of type
'double'.

raj

raj (view profile)

the code works well but some times it happens that peaks which are not required I mean after initializing a certain value for 'sel' the peaks which are not supposed to be detected (peaks created by noise) and sometimes they are not detected

Michelle

Michelle (view profile)

very quick and supportive response from the author. The output issue as listed above is due to my misunderstanding of the varargout. The other issue may also results from the Matlab setting rather than the code. Thank you, Nate.

Michelle

Michelle (view profile)

very useful code. However, it cannot output the PeakMag, but only the PeakLoc when I tried it recently. and after I used it several times with a vector, the acceptable number of the element seems to be locked. When used with other vectors having different numbers of elements,the extra elements cannot be shown in the plot and the output results. I hope someone can kindly explain this...

Diana

Diana (view profile)

Hi, I find this routine very good and useful. However, for my problem I would need the start-end information about each peak so I could select just the peaks and work with them, How can I get this information?

Thanks in advance

mohammad

mohammad (view profile)

Really nice

Robert

Robert (view profile)

Estella Liu

Estella Liu (view profile)

Elisa

Elisa (view profile)

Hi. I need to find peaks in a waveform and calculate the inter-pulse interval and the pulse rate from the position of the peaks. My data are sounds recorded at 24000Hz and saved in .wav files. This code seems to be doing exactly what I want but since I’m a matlab newbie I’m not quite sure how to input my data. Do you have any suggestions?
I hope this is the right place to post this message, otherwise I apologise.

Nathanael Yoder

Nathanael Yoder (view profile)

Thanks for catching that Tim. You were exactly right, the redundancy is an artifact from when I preallocated the matrix for speed. However, I essentially replaced this statement with the leftMin variable which is why you got the same results. The end effect is that the second part of that conditional can simply be eliminated.

Thanks again for your help and an updated version with the addition of a user defined threshold should be available shortly.

Tim

Tim (view profile)

I think I found a mistake in the code. Or at least something strange:

if foundPeak && (x(ii) > peakMag(end) || leftMin < peakMag(end)-thresh)

The second part, x(ii) > peakMag(end), is rather strange, since peakMag(end) will ALWAYS be equal to zero, since peakMag was preallocated with zeros. I guess this is a remainder from the time before you preallocated peakMag for speed.

I replaced the mistake with the following:

if foundPeak && (x(ii) > peakMag(cInd-1) || leftMin < peakMag(cInd-1)-thresh)

The strange thing is that the results luckily stay exactly the same, which is good but strange at the same time. There is probably some redundancy in the code.

In any case, your method was more or less what I was looking for. Just need to make some small adaptations to it for my purpose, of course leaving all credits to you. Thanks!

David

David (view profile)

fantastic code, very effective even with highly noise data.

notably, it might be worth including an histogram based thresholding for a more optimal threshold selection.

Nicholas

Nicholas (view profile)

Does anyone know of a comparable code that finds extrema in 2D or 3D data?

antonio Acampora

antonio Acampora (view profile)

thanks

Andres

Andres (view profile)

The bugs were fixed quickly. Thanks Nate!

Andres

Andres (view profile)

I was happily using peakfinder until I had severe trouble with a dataset beginning with repeated values.
I've boiled it down to a short example:

t = [49 49 54 49 -57 46 -96 -10 39 0];
startI1 = 1;
[Loc1, Peak1] = peakfinder(t(startI1:end),20);
startI2 = 2;
[Loc2, Peak2] = peakfinder(t(startI2:end),20);

figure
plot(t,'b.-')
hold on
plot(Loc1-1+startI1,Peak1,'ro')
plot(Loc2-1+startI2,Peak2,'go')

Problems:
1) The first call returns a wrong result (Loc1 = 2, Peak1 = 49).
2) The second call returns all three peaks, but the last one appears twice (Loc2 = [2 5 8 8].', Peak2 = [54 46 39 39].').

I hope these issues can be fixed as peakfinder works promisingly fast.
A minor suggestion: if the input is a row vector the output should be a row vector, too.

Regards
Andres

Morvan

Morvan (view profile)

Updates

2.0.2.0

Updated checking for the input and output arguments to account of Matlab's new syntax (thanks @arnold) and removed the use of boolean because Matlab deprecated it (thanks @Carl Witthoft)
2.0.1.0

Fix a couple small bugs (Tanks Binu!)
2.0.0.0

Added ability to quickly estimate the location and magnitude of the extrema between data points for regularly spaced data using quadratic interpolation. The function continues to work for irregularly spaced data. Default is no interpolation.
1.9.0.0

Fix bug related to a missing equality comparison (thanks Nina Merkle!) and fix inconsistency when the endpoints are not treated as extrema (thanks Solomon Grant!).
1.8.0.0

Added an optional boolean to exclude the endpoints since, as pointed out by Peter Cavanagh, most definitions of local extrema do not include them. By default the endpoints are included to maintain backward compatibility.
1.7.0.0

Removed redundancy (thanks Tim) and added thresholding option (thanks Femi).
1.6.0.0

Updated the error checking on the threshold level.
1.5.0.0

Added support for monotone increase/decreasing functions and empty inputs. Thanks again to Andres for the debugging help.
1.4.0.0

Fixed problems with repeated initial values, repeated final values, and other directional issues. Thanks to Andres for his help finding and debugging these problems.
1.3.0.0

Fixed example and error checking code. Thanks to Jiro Doke for catching my mistakes.
1.2.0.0

Updated algorithm to make it slightly faster.
1.1.0.0

Updated code to make it slightly faster.
MATLAB Release Compatibility
Created with R2009a
Compatible with any release
Platform Compatibility
Windows macOS Linux
Acknowledgements

Inspired: voigt line shape fit