MATLAB help 2D convolution

I have a task to make a 2D convolution function that I have an image and a filter will be applied that should give the output result of image filtering in spatial domain. Also, during the edge detection(to handle boundaries) I have to use sobel and prewitt operator. I wrote a convolution code but I didn't quite get what is sobel and how to apply it. I got confused a bit and my code also gave error didn't get the reason and how to fix it?

The error I get:

Error using padarray>ParseInputs

Function padarray expected A (argument 1) to be numeric, logical or categorical for constant padding.

Error in padarray (line 75)

[a, method, padSize, padVal, direction, catConverter] = ParseInputs(args{:});

Error in Q4>my_convolution (line 15)

padded_image = padarray(image, [pad_height, pad_width], 0, 'both');

Error in Q4 (line 2)

outpu_image1 = my_convolution('Figure4.jpg',filter_1);

THE CODE:

filter_1 = [-1 0 1; -1 0 1; -1 0 1];
outpu_image1 = my_convolution('Figure4.jpg',filter_1);
function output_image = my_convolution(image, filter)
[im_height, im_width] = size(image);
[filter_height, filter_width] = size(filter);
pad_height = floor(filter_height / 2);
pad_width = floor(filter_width / 2);
padded_image = padarray(image, [pad_height, pad_width], 0, 'both');
output_image = zeros(im_height, im_width);
% Perform convolution
for i = 1:im_height
    for j = 1:im_width
        % Extract the local region of the padded image
        local_region = padded_image(i:i+filter_height-1, j:j+filter_width-1);
        % Compute the dot product between the local region and the filter
        output_pixel = sum(sum(local_region .* filter));
        % Assign the output pixel value to the output image
        output_image(i, j) = output_pixel;
    end
end
end

Answer 1

[Walter Roberson]

outpu_image1 = my_convolution('Figure4.jpg',filter_1);

You are passing in the character vector 'Figure4.jpg' not the content of the image.

function output_image = my_convolution(image, filter)

We recommend against naming a variable image as image is one of the important graphics functions; people are likely to get confused.

[Yigit Goktas]

I changed it as

filter_1 = [-1 0 1; -1 0 1; -1 0 1];

image1 = imread("Figure4.jpg");

output_image1 = my_convolution(image1,filter_1);

Then another error occured:

Error using .*

Integers can only be combined with integers of the same class, or scalar doubles.

Error in Q4>my_convolution (line 27)

output_pixel = sum(sum(local_region .* filter));

Error in Q4 (line 3)

output_image1 = my_convolution(image1,filter_1);

[Walter Roberson]

Pass in double(image1)

Answer 2

[Image Analyst]

Try this:

function output_image = my_convolution(image1, filter)
[Gmag,Gdir] = imgradient(image1, 'sobel')
output_image = GMag;