meanfreq

Mean frequency

Syntax

freq = meanfreq(x)

freq = meanfreq(x,fs)

freq = meanfreq(pxx,f)

freq = meanfreq(sxx,f,rbw)

freq = meanfreq(___,freqrange)

[freq,power]
= meanfreq(___)

meanfreq(___)

Description

freq = meanfreq(x) estimates the mean normalized frequency, freq, of the power spectrum of a time-domain signal, x.

example

freq = meanfreq(x,fs) estimates the mean frequency in terms of the sample rate, fs.

example

freq = meanfreq(pxx,f) returns the mean frequency of a power spectral density (PSD) estimate, pxx. The frequencies, f, correspond to the estimates in pxx.

freq = meanfreq(sxx,f,rbw) returns the mean frequency of a power spectrum estimate, sxx, with resolution bandwidth rbw.

freq = meanfreq(___,freqrange) specifies the frequency interval over which to compute the mean frequency. This syntax can include any combination of input arguments from previous syntaxes, as long as the second input argument is either fs or f. If the second input is passed as empty, normalized frequency will be assumed. The default value for freqrange is the entire bandwidth of the input signal.

example

[freq,power] = meanfreq(___) also returns the band power, power, of the spectrum. If you specify freqrange, then power contains the band power within freqrange.

meanfreq(___) with no output arguments plots the PSD or power spectrum and annotates the mean frequency.

Examples

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Mean Frequency of Chirps

Open Live Script

Generate 1024 samples of a chirp sampled at 1024 kHz. The chirp has an initial frequency of 50 kHz and reaches 100 kHz at the end of the sampling. Add white Gaussian noise such that the signal-to-noise ratio is 40 dB. Reset the random number generator for reproducible results.

nSamp = 1024;
Fs = 1024e3;
SNR = 40;
rng default

t = (0:nSamp-1)'/Fs;

x = chirp(t,50e3,nSamp/Fs,100e3);
x = x+randn(size(x))*std(x)/db2mag(SNR);

Estimate the mean frequency of the chirp. Plot the power spectral density (PSD) and annotate the mean frequency.

meanfreq(x,Fs)

ans = 7.5032e+04

Generate another chirp. Specify an initial frequency of 200 kHz, a final frequency of 300 kHz, and an amplitude that is twice that of the first signal. Add white Gaussian noise.

x2 = 2*chirp(t,200e3,nSamp/Fs,300e3);
x2 = x2+randn(size(x2))*std(x2)/db2mag(SNR);

Concatenate the chirps to produce a two-channel signal. Estimate the mean frequency of each channel.

y = meanfreq([x x2],Fs)

y = 1×2
10⁵ ×

    0.7503    2.4999

Plot the PSDs of the two channels and annotate their mean frequencies.

meanfreq([x x2],Fs);

Add the two channels to form a new signal. Plot the PSD and annotate the mean frequency.

meanfreq(x+x2,Fs)

ans = 2.1496e+05

Mean Frequency of Sinusoids

Open Live Script

Generate 1024 samples of a 100.123 kHz sinusoid sampled at 1024 kHz. Add white Gaussian noise such that the signal-to-noise ratio is 40 dB. Reset the random number generator for reproducible results.

nSamp = 1024;
Fs = 1024e3;
SNR = 40;
rng default

t = (0:nSamp-1)'/Fs;

x = sin(2*pi*t*100.123e3);
x = x + randn(size(x))*std(x)/db2mag(SNR);

Use the periodogram function to compute the power spectral density (PSD) of the signal. Specify a Kaiser window with the same length as the signal and a shape factor of 38. Estimate the mean frequency of the signal and annotate it on a plot of the PSD.

[Pxx,f] = periodogram(x,kaiser(nSamp,38),[],Fs);

meanfreq(Pxx,f);

Generate another sinusoid, this one with a frequency of 257.321 kHz and an amplitude that is twice that of the first sinusoid. Add white noise.

x2 = 2*sin(2*pi*t*257.321e3);
x2 = x2 + randn(size(x2))*std(x2)/db2mag(SNR);

Concatenate the sinusoids to produce a two-channel signal. Estimate the PSD of each channel and use the result to determine the mean frequency.

[Pyy,f] = periodogram([x x2],kaiser(nSamp,38),[],Fs);

y = meanfreq(Pyy,f)

y = 1×2
10⁵ ×

    1.0013    2.5732

Annotate the mean frequencies of the two channels on a plot of the PSDs.

meanfreq(Pyy,f);

Add the two channels to form a new signal. Estimate the PSD and annotate the mean frequency.

[Pzz,f] = periodogram(x+x2,kaiser(nSamp,38),[],Fs);

meanfreq(Pzz,f);

Mean Frequency of Bandlimited Signals

Open Live Script

Generate a signal whose PSD resembles the frequency response of an 88th-order bandpass FIR filter with normalized cutoff frequencies $0.25 π$ rad/sample and $0.45 π$ rad/sample.

d = fir1(88,[0.25 0.45]);

Compute the mean frequency of the signal between $0.3 π$ rad/sample and $0.6 π$ rad/sample. Plot the PSD and annotate the mean frequency and measurement interval.

meanfreq(d,[],[0.3 0.6]*pi);

Output the mean frequency and the band power of the measurement interval. Specifying a sample rate of $2 π$ is equivalent to leaving the rate unset.

[mnf,power] = meanfreq(d,2*pi,[0.3 0.6]*pi);

fprintf('Mean = %.3f*pi, power = %.1f%% of total \n', ...
    mnf/pi,power/bandpower(d)*100)

Mean = 0.373*pi, power = 75.6% of total

Add a second channel with normalized cutoff frequencies $0.5 π$ rad/sample and $0.8 π$ rad/sample and an amplitude that is one-tenth that of the first channel.

d = [d;fir1(88,[0.5 0.8])/10]';

Compute the mean frequency of the signal between $0.3 π$ rad/sample and $0.9 π$ rad/sample. Plot the PSD and annotate the mean frequency of each channel and the measurement interval.

meanfreq(d,[],[0.3 0.9]*pi);

Output the mean frequency of each channel. Divide by $π$ .

mnf = meanfreq(d,[],[0.3 0.9]*pi)/pi

mnf = 1×2

    0.3730    0.6500

Input Arguments

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`x` — Input signal
vector | matrix

Input signal, specified as a vector or matrix. If x is a vector, it is treated as a single channel. If x is a matrix, then meanfreq computes the mean frequency of each column of x independently. x must be finite-valued.

Example: cos(pi/4*(0:159))+randn(1,160) is a single-channel row-vector signal.

Example: cos(pi./[4;2]*(0:159))'+randn(160,2) is a two-channel signal.