Main Content

release

Allow property values and input characteristics to change

Since R2021a

    Description

    example

    release(ivs) allows property values and input characteristics of the i-vector system ivs to change.

    Examples

    collapse all

    Download and unzip the environment sound classification data set. This data set consists of recordings labeled as one of 10 different audio sound classes (ESC-10).

    loc = matlab.internal.examples.downloadSupportFile("audio","ESC-10.zip");
    unzip(loc,pwd)

    Create an audioDatastore object to manage the data and split it into training and validation sets. Call countEachLabel to display the distribution of sound classes and the number of unique labels.

    ads = audioDatastore(pwd,IncludeSubfolders=true,LabelSource="foldernames");
    countEachLabel(ads)
    ans=10×2 table
            Label         Count
        ______________    _____
    
        chainsaw           40  
        clock_tick         40  
        crackling_fire     40  
        crying_baby        40  
        dog                40  
        helicopter         40  
        rain               40  
        rooster            38  
        sea_waves          40  
        sneezing           40  
    
    

    Listen to one of the files.

    [audioIn,audioInfo] = read(ads);
    fs = audioInfo.SampleRate;
    sound(audioIn,fs)
    audioInfo.Label
    ans = categorical
         chainsaw 
    
    

    Split the datastore into training and test sets.

    [adsTrain,adsTest] = splitEachLabel(ads,0.8);

    Create an audioFeatureExtractor to extract all possible features from the audio.

    afe = audioFeatureExtractor(SampleRate=fs, ...
        Window=hamming(round(0.03*fs),"periodic"), ...
        OverlapLength=round(0.02*fs));
    params = info(afe,"all");
    params = structfun(@(x)true,params,UniformOutput=false);
    set(afe,params);
    afe
    afe = 
      audioFeatureExtractor with properties:
    
       Properties
                         Window: [1323×1 double]
                  OverlapLength: 882
                     SampleRate: 44100
                      FFTLength: []
        SpectralDescriptorInput: 'linearSpectrum'
            FeatureVectorLength: 862
    
       Enabled Features
         linearSpectrum, melSpectrum, barkSpectrum, erbSpectrum, mfcc, mfccDelta
         mfccDeltaDelta, gtcc, gtccDelta, gtccDeltaDelta, spectralCentroid, spectralCrest
         spectralDecrease, spectralEntropy, spectralFlatness, spectralFlux, spectralKurtosis, spectralRolloffPoint
         spectralSkewness, spectralSlope, spectralSpread, pitch, harmonicRatio, zerocrossrate
         shortTimeEnergy
    
       Disabled Features
         none
    
    
       To extract a feature, set the corresponding property to true.
       For example, obj.mfcc = true, adds mfcc to the list of enabled features.
    
    

    Create two directories in your current folder: train and test. Extract features from the training and the test data sets and write the features as MAT files to the respective directories. Pre-extracting features can save time when you want to evaluate different feature combinations or training configurations.

    if ~isdir("train")
        mkdir("train")
        mkdir("test")
    
        outputType = ".mat";
        writeall(adsTrain,"train",WriteFcn=@(x,y,z)writeFeatures(x,y,z,afe))
        writeall(adsTest,"test",WriteFcn=@(x,y,z)writeFeatures(x,y,z,afe))
    end

    Create signal datastores to point to the audio features.

    sdsTrain = signalDatastore("train",IncludeSubfolders=true);
    sdsTest = signalDatastore("test",IncludeSubfolders=true);

    Create label arrays that are in the same order as the signalDatastore files.

    labelsTrain = categorical(extractBetween(sdsTrain.Files,"ESC-10"+filesep,filesep));
    labelsTest = categorical(extractBetween(sdsTest.Files,"ESC-10"+filesep,filesep));

    Create a transform datastore from the signal datastores to isolate and use only the desired features. You can use the output from info on the audioFeatureExtractor to map your chosen features to the index in the features matrix. You can experiment with the example by choosing different features.

    featureIndices = info(afe)
    featureIndices = struct with fields:
              linearSpectrum: [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 … ]
                 melSpectrum: [663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694]
                barkSpectrum: [695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726]
                 erbSpectrum: [727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769]
                        mfcc: [770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782]
                   mfccDelta: [783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795]
              mfccDeltaDelta: [796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808]
                        gtcc: [809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821]
                   gtccDelta: [822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834]
              gtccDeltaDelta: [835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847]
            spectralCentroid: 848
               spectralCrest: 849
            spectralDecrease: 850
             spectralEntropy: 851
            spectralFlatness: 852
                spectralFlux: 853
            spectralKurtosis: 854
        spectralRolloffPoint: 855
            spectralSkewness: 856
               spectralSlope: 857
              spectralSpread: 858
                       pitch: 859
               harmonicRatio: 860
               zerocrossrate: 861
             shortTimeEnergy: 862
    
    
    idxToUse = [...
        featureIndices.harmonicRatio ...
        ,featureIndices.spectralRolloffPoint ...
        ,featureIndices.spectralFlux ...
        ,featureIndices.spectralSlope ...
        ];
    tdsTrain = transform(sdsTrain,@(x)x(:,idxToUse));
    tdsTest = transform(sdsTest,@(x)x(:,idxToUse));

    Create an i-vector system that accepts feature input.

    soundClassifier = ivectorSystem(InputType="features");

    Train the extractor and classifier using the training set.

    trainExtractor(soundClassifier,tdsTrain,UBMNumComponents=128,TVSRank=64);
    Calculating standardization factors ....done.
    Training universal background model .....done.
    Training total variability space ......done.
    i-vector extractor training complete.
    
    trainClassifier(soundClassifier,tdsTrain,labelsTrain,NumEigenvectors=32,PLDANumIterations=0)
    Extracting i-vectors ...done.
    Training projection matrix .....done.
    i-vector classifier training complete.
    

    Enroll the labels from the training set to create i-vector templates for each of the environmental sounds.

    enroll(soundClassifier,tdsTrain,labelsTrain)
    Extracting i-vectors ...done.
    Enrolling i-vectors .............done.
    Enrollment complete.
    

    Calibrate the i-vector system.

    calibrate(soundClassifier,tdsTrain,labelsTrain)
    Extracting i-vectors ...done.
    Calibrating CSS scorer ...done.
    Calibration complete.
    

    Use the identify function on the test set to return the system's inferred label.

    inferredLabels = labelsTest;
    inferredLabels(:) = inferredLabels(1);
    for ii = 1:numel(labelsTest)
        features = read(tdsTest);
        tableOut = identify(soundClassifier,features,"css",NumCandidates=1);
        inferredLabels(ii) = tableOut.Label(1);
    end

    Create a confusion matrix to visualize performance on the test set.

    uniqueLabels = unique(labelsTest);
    cm = zeros(numel(uniqueLabels),numel(uniqueLabels));
    for ii = 1:numel(uniqueLabels)
        for jj = 1:numel(uniqueLabels)
            cm(ii,jj) = sum((labelsTest==uniqueLabels(ii)) & (inferredLabels==uniqueLabels(jj)));
        end
    end
    labelStrings = replace(string(uniqueLabels),"_"," ");
    heatmap(labelStrings,labelStrings,cm)
    colorbar off
    ylabel("True Labels")
    xlabel("Predicted Labels")
    accuracy = mean(inferredLabels==labelsTest);
    title(sprintf("Accuracy = %0.2f %%",accuracy*100))

    Release the i-vector system.

    release(soundClassifier)

    Supporting Functions

    function writeFeatures(audioIn,info,~,afe)
        % Convet to single-precision
        audioIn = single(audioIn);
    
        % Extract features
        features = extract(afe,audioIn);
    
        % Replace the file extension of the suggested output name with MAT.
        filename = strrep(info.SuggestedOutputName,".wav",".mat");
    
        % Save the MFCC coefficients to the MAT file.
        save(filename,"features")
    end

    Input Arguments

    collapse all

    i-vector system, specified as an object of type ivectorSystem.

    Version History

    Introduced in R2021a